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Query: EC:4.1.1.6 (CAD)
 4,420 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Most authors agree that "fit" and "fill" of the endosteal canal is critical to the success of cementless femoral components. Yet, there exists a wide variation to the anatomic size and shape of this canal in the normal population. This paper reviews the rationale and the efficacy of using a computed tomography-generated CAD/CAM custom femoral component in cementless total hip arthroplasty. One hundred fifty-six cases (81 primary and 75 revisions) were reviewed with follow-up time of six weeks to three years (mean, 22 months). A subset of 48 hips (25 primary and 23 revisions) has been followed a minimum of two years. For the primary hips, the custom group was found to have statistically higher Harris pain scores (less pain) at all follow-up intervals as compared to a prior series by the same surgeon using an off-the-shelf (OTS) prosthesis. Revision customized hip implants had lower Harris pain and total scores than primary custom hips, but 80% were in the none or slight pain category. In revision cases, the use of custom components decreased the need for structural bone grafting and achieved stability on host bone in situations in which it was not possible using OTS components. Complications included failure by aseptic loosening of one primary and one revision case. Initial subsidence of more than 3 mm of the collarless custom design occurred in 8%, the majority being in revision cases. All cases but one appear to have stabilized. Subsidence occurred mainly in cases done early in the series.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Shape the implant to the patient. A rationale for the use of custom-fit cementless total hip implants. 258 79

Studies are currently underway to apply the CAD/CAM system to dentistry and to make prosthetic appliances automatically. This paper reports the basic CAD procedure by using the CAD data base in the previous (part 3) report and gives some modified teeth figures. Mathematically, with Affine transformation, extension, contraction, parallel translation, and rotation of the dental figures are done. In the transformation, the origin of the individual tooth is decided from the mean value of the data base points, and X, Y, Z coordinates are the bucco-lingal, mesio-distal, vertical directions, respectively. This basic transforming procedure reduces the time needed for the CAD procedure.
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PMID:[An approach to the dental CAD/CAM (Part 4). Fundamental CAD procedure for the data base]. 269 Mar 88

A three dimensional measuring system was developed for the dental restorative CAD/CAM system. The equation of (formula; see text) was used for the computer simulation to demonstrate reproductibility of this measuring system, then actual measurements were also performed. The result from the simulation and from the measurement coincided, consequently it was concluded that the equation could explain the reproducibility of the system. Speckle and unwanted reflected light were found to be the main factors in restricting the range of good reproducibility. So new measuring systems based on the use of a two-beam interfere system were developed, which cancelled out the influence of these factors.
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PMID:[Experimental optical impression in the CAD/CAM Dental Restorative System]. 269 68

Study was provided, creating a CAD/CAM technique for automated producing of ceramic inlays based on a optical topographic scanning procedure.
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PMID:[The video impression--a CAD procedure for manufacture of ceramic inlays]. 269 47

The aim of the present study was to compare sockets for below-knee (BK) prostheses made by Computer Aided Design-Computer Aided Manufacture (CAD-CAM) to those made by hand. The patients in the study were provided with two prostheses each, which apart from the sockets, were identical. One socket was made by the CAD-CAM technique developed at the Bioengineering Centre, Roehampton, University College London and one was made by hand at the OT-Centre, Stockholm, Sweden. The results were based on investigation of eight unilateral below-knee amputees evaluating their own sockets by Visual Analogous Scale with respect to comfort, pressure, and pain. The sockets were evaluated on seven occasions, at two tests, on delivery, after use every second day for six days and every second week for two weeks. All CAD-CAM sockets except one had to be changed once as compared to the hand made of which only two had to be changed. As to comfort it could not be demonstrated that there was any significant difference between the two types of sockets and both types were well accepted by all patients. Differences in pressure and pain were rarely reported. There were obvious differences between the two types of socket with respect to height, width, and inner surface configuration. The authors feel that CAD-CAM will in the near future be an excellent tool for design and manufacture of prosthetic sockets.
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PMID:Comparison of CAD-CAM and hand made sockets for PTB prostheses. 271 80

The CAD-CAM CEREC system is a small, complex unit developed for electronically designing and milling ceramic restorations. The system makes it possible to generate a restoration without taking impressions, developing temporary prostheses, and without laboratory assistance. The entire restorative procedure is performed in one appointment. Basic features include the following: the cavity preparation is scanned stereo-photogrammetrically, using a three-dimensional miniature video camera; the small microprocessor unit stores the three-dimensional pattern depicted on the screen; the video display serves as a format for the necessary manual construction via an electrical signal; the microprocessor develops the final three-dimensional restoration from the two-dimensional construction; the processing unit automatically deletes data beyond the margins of the preparation; the electronic information is transferred numerically to the miniature three-axis milling device; driven by a water turbine unit, the milling device generates a precision-fitting restoration from a standard ceramic block; the entire process of electronic designing and subsequent milling of a ceramic restoration requires approximately 10 to 15 minutes.
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PMID:A new method for generating ceramic restorations: a CAD-CAM system. 273 47

Personal CAD/CAM for graphic projection and manufacture of microprocessor PCB masks, input information-carrying medium and numeric controlled lathes has been designed. CAD/CAM instrument-software could be interfaced to an APRICOT type PC and to the USSR-manufactured equipment. Personal CAD/CAM is considered as a person-machine system and works in the automatic and semi-automatic modes. The convertor program, which is included into the software allows one to use the present CAD/CAM system with the alternative USSR and foreign manufactured systems.
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PMID:[A personal system of automated planning of microprocessor printing plates for radio-electronic medical equipment]. 277 Apr 99

Methods of three-dimensional analysis of axial computed tomographic images have recently been described. Mostly, reports have concentrated on applications relative to congenital deformities. In this report, one method of three- dimensional reformatting is reviewed. Images formed by this method have solid surface appearance and can be color enhanced and manipulated to isolate anatomic structures of interest. The program allows mathematical quantitation of tissue densities, volumes, and distances. Furthermore, models and implants can be easily made using the programs CAD-CAM ability. These images and models can be generated from data obtained on the most common CT units without any modifications. This report emphasizes maxillofacial applications other than those previously reported in the surgical and radiological literature.
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PMID:Three-dimensional computed tomography for maxillofacial surgery: report of cases. 296

A set of design criteria for sensing the shape of an above-knee (AK) stump is presented and used as the basis for evaluating various shape sensing technologies. A mechanical probe type shape sensing system is described and its use in quantifying the external shape of the AK stump is discussed as it relates to generating a grid for finite element analysis in CAD/CAM studies and comparing the segmental volumes of the loaded and unloaded stump. This study also discusses a method that uses circumferential measurements to compute total and incremental volumes of the stump.
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PMID:Measuring the shape and volume of an above-knee stump. 321 43

Craniometric measurements from a three-dimensional (3-D) digitizing system were compared with those from sliding and spreading calipers. The 3-D system consisted of a 3-Space Digitizer, Macintosh Plus computer, and Unigraphics CAD/CAM system. Twenty-nine standard measurements were made and repeated on two normal and three deformed skulls. The percentage of difference was calculated for original versus repeat measures and caliper versus 3-D measures. For objective anatomic structures and fiducial points, there was less than 2 mm (maximum) of difference between 1) the original digitizer versus repeat 3-D measures and 2) caliper versus 3-D measures. This represented 2% or less measurement incongruence. There were no significant differences for these comparisons (p greater than 0.1), and all regressions were highly significant (P less than 0.001), with r2 greater than 0.999. 3-D measurements were made more easily and quickly than were caliper measurements, with no loss in precision. It is concluded that 3-D measurements are equivalent in quality to caliper measurements for craniometric studies, but are easier to obtain.
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PMID:Three-dimensional measurement accuracy of skull surface landmarks. 321 72


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