Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:4.1.1.6 (CAD)
 4,420 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was done to improve the ability of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to provide clear cross-sectional images of the ascending and descending aorta in diastole. The study was motivated by interest in measuring the regional compliance of the ascending aorta, which requires determination of the change in cross sectional area of the vessel between systole and diastole. In diastolic images, residual signal from slow flowing blood and flow artifact consistently obscured the inner boundary of the aortic wall and precluded tracing and measurement of the cross sectional area. We concluded that cross sectional area measurement of the ascending aorta was impossible on our system using standard spin echo sequences. To improve wall delineation in diastolic images, SAT pulses were optimized with respect to pulse timing, slice thickness, and gap. Optimized SAT pulses greatly improved the delineation of the vessel wall by removing unwanted signal from flowing spins. Measurement precision was vastly improved by running two scans with and without flow compensation, and correlating visually and numerically the area measurements from each. We established that each image should be measured by two independent observers and traced three times by each. Using these procedures, diastolic cross-sectional areas of the mid-ascending aorta could be measured with a precision of 2.5%, and the change of cross-sectional area between systole and diastole could be measured with a precision of 10.8%. These measurements were precise enough to detect CAD patients with low aortic compliance from the age-matched controls previously reported in one study. The test based on cross sectional area measurement, with a false positive detection rate of 5%, had a false negative rate of 58%. Compliance measurements by MR at 1.5 T could become clinically useful if normal and abnormal populations are sufficiently separated.
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PMID:Optimized pulse sequences for magnetic resonance measurement of aortic cross sectional areas. 188 Dec 64

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is contiguous with coronary arteries and myocardium and potentially may play a role in coronary atherosclerosis (CAD). Exercise is known to improve cardiovascular disease risk factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise training on the expression of 18 genes, measured by RT-PCR and selected for their role in chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and adipocyte metabolism, in peri-coronary epicardial (cEAT), peri-myocardial epicardial (mEAT), visceral abdominal (VAT), and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissues from a castrate male pig model of familial hypercholesterolemia with CAD. We tested the hypothesis that aerobic exercise training for 16 wk would reduce the inflammatory profile of mRNAs in both components of EAT and VAT but would have little effect on SAT. Exercise increased mEAT and total heart weights. EAT and heart weights were directly correlated. Compared with sedentary pigs matched for body weight to exercised animals, aerobic exercise training reduced the inflammatory response in mEAT but not cEAT, had no effect on inflammatory genes but preferentially decreased expression of adiponectin and other adipocyte-specific genes in VAT, and had no effect in SAT except that IL-6 mRNA went down and VEGFa mRNA went up. We conclude that 1) EAT is not homogeneous in its inflammatory response to aerobic exercise training, 2) cEAT around CAD remains proinflammatory after chronic exercise, 3) cEAT and VAT share similar inflammatory expression profiles but different metabolic mRNA responses to exercise, and 4) gene expression in SAT cannot be extrapolated to VAT and heart adipose tissues in exercise intervention studies.
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PMID:Epicardial fat gene expression after aerobic exercise training in pigs with coronary atherosclerosis: relationship to visceral and subcutaneous fat. 2094 14