Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:4.1.1.6 (CAD)
 4,420 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Exercise Thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging is a sensitive technique for detection of CAD. However, in patients unable to perform exercise pharmacological stress with intravenous dipyridamole can be used to dilate coronaries. Out of 125 patients (21 men and 104 women; mean age 52.03 years) evaluated, 110 were considered to be unable to perform adequate stress by their physician while remaining 15 had LBBB. One hundred and seven patients had chest pain with or without a remote MI while 18 individuals were clinically asymptomatic but had ECG abnormalities. Intravenous dipyridamole was administered at a rate of 0.142 mg/kg/min for 4 min. After 3 min an i.v. bolus of T1-201 was given. Diffuse or occipital headache of mild to moderate intensity occurred in 50 (40%) cases; 39 patients experienced chest pain and had either a positive thallium scan (26 cases) suggestive of CAD or a normal thallium study (15 cases). Complete relief from dipyridamole induced symptoms was brought by i.v. aminophylline and sublingual nitrate in 51 of 54 cases (94%) and 11 of 18 (61%) respectively. We, therefore, conclude: 1) i.v. dipyridamole-thallium scintigraphy offers a safe, effective and reliable method for evaluating CAD in those who are unable to perform adequate exercise and 2) parenteral aminophylline is very effective antidote to dipyridamole.
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PMID:Safety of pharmacological (intravenous dipyridamole) stress for Thallium-201 perfusion imaging in patients with coronary artery disease unable to exercise. 781 87

Nitric oxide (NO) plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease. The roles of NO are not only physiological but also pathological in the cardiovascular system. An inappropriate release of NO has been linked to the pathogenesis of CAD. The authors investigated whether serum NOx (nitrate and nitrite), a stable end product of NO, level was related to patients with coronary artery disease. The blood chemistry, such as cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, HDL-C and blood sugar, was also measured in comparison with serum NOx. Serum NOx was measured in samples from 20 healthy controls, 20 angina patients without angiographic evidence of coronary lesions (CAG) and 20 angina patients with angiographic evidence of coronary lesions (CAD) by using modified Griess reaction. The mean serum NOx levels in the CAD groups was higher than CAG and control groups (41.3 +/- 5.5, 32.7 +/- 3.9 and 25.7 +/- 3.5 micromol/L, respectively). NOx levels in the CAD group was only significantly higher than the control groups (p < 0.05) but not the CAG groups. There were no significant differences of NOx levels in all age groups. In the CAD group, women showed significantly higher NOx levels than men (64.0 +/- 7.5 and 29.0 +/- 4.7 microl/L, respectively, p < 0.05). Interestingly, the mean serum NOx levels in the CAD groups was significantly higher in a group of abnormal lipid profiles (cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C) and blood sugar than in a group of normal profiles. The results suggested that there was an increased NOx levels in patients with coronary artery disease and much higher in patients with multiple underlying conditions such as hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. Thus, the measurement of the NOx levels at different times may help to monitor the state and severity of coronary artery disease.
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PMID:Serum nitric oxide levels in patients with coronary artery disease. 1200 15

Nitrates are old drugs, available in many formulations, that are effective in relieving symptoms in various CAD syndromes as well as congestive heart failure. Nitrate tolerance is the major problem limiting nitrate efficacy and use by physicians. Currently, an intermittent dosing strategy is the only practical way to limit the development of tolerance or attenuation of nitrate actions.
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PMID:How to use nitrates. 1276 84

The objectives of this study include comparing the cement thickness and microleakage of Class II ceramic inlays built with three ceramic systems and verifying whether there was a correlation between those two variables. The ceramic systems used include: 1) Heat-pressed (IPS-Empress); 2) CAD-CAM (CEREC 2) and 3) Sintered (Colorlogic). Standardized MOD Class II inlay cavities with one proximal box extending below and the other extending above the cement-enamel junction (CEJ) were prepared in 30 extracted human molars and randomly assigned to three groups. The ceramic inlays were constructed according to manufacturer's instructions and cemented using a dual-cure resin cement (Variolink II). All teeth were mechanically cycled (100,000 cycles, 78N) and thermocycled (700 cycles, 5 degrees C-55 degrees C). After immersion in silver nitrate, the inlays were sectioned mesial-distally and evaluated with an optical microscope (40x). The cement thickness obtained by the Colorlogic system (enamel: 113 +/- 25 microm; dentin: 118 +/- 23 microm) was significantly higher than that obtained by CEREC (enamel: 78 +/- 14 microm; dentin: 87 +/- 13 microm) and Empress (enamel: 65 +/- 15 microm; dentin: 89 +/- 14 microm). Regarding dye penetration, there was no statistical difference among the three ceramic systems in enamel. At the dentin margins, the Colorlogic system resulted in a significantly higher penetration depth compared to CEREC and Empress, which had similar average values. No correlation was found between cement thickness and microleakage either in enamel or dentin for any of the ceramic systems.
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PMID:Correlation between microleakage and cement thickness in three Class II inlay ceramic systems. 1508 34

Menopause is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk and with a decrease in endothelial function. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) improves endothelial function in post-menopausal women (PMW) without established atherosclerosis. New alternative treatments, among which tibolone (T) and DHEAS have been suggested to reduce postmenopausal cardiovascular risk. Although, in vitro animal studies have suggested that T and DHEAS improve endothelial function, their effect in humans has never been tested. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of HRT (continuous combined 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogen plus 2.5 mg/d medoxyprogesterone) DHEAS and T on endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD), plasma nitrite, nitrate and endothelin-1 levels in 16 PMW with increased cardiovascular risk in a double-blinded, double-crossover study. Women were randomized and treated for 4 weeks with HRT, T or DHEAS. Brachial artery diameter, FMD, endothelin-1 and plasma nitrite and nitrate levels were measured at baseline and after each treatment phase. Brachial artery diameters remained unchanged after each treatment phase. HRT significantly improved FMD compared to both baseline and to T and DHEAS therapies while no effect of T or DHEAS on FMD was noted. In conclusion, HRT, but neither T nor DHEAS, improves endothelial function and reduces plasma levels of endothelin-1 in PMW at risk of CAD.
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PMID:Different effect of hormone replacement therapy, DHEAS and tibolone on endothelial function in postmenopausal women with increased cardiovascular risk. 1578 May 31

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between endothelial nitric oxide synthase Glu(298)Asp gene polymorphism and hemorheological parameters. Red blood cell (RBC) deformability, aggregation were measured using an ectacytometry, whole blood, plasma viscosities were determined by a viscometer. Restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to detect polymorphism. Plasma nitrite, nitrate concentrations were determined by Griess method. The genotype distribution of the control group was as follows: 50 (67.5%) GG, 21 (28.4%) GT, 3 (4.1%) TT. A 48 (57.8%) of the patients with CAD had GG, 28 (33.7%) GT, 7 (8.5%) of them TT genotype. RBC aggregation index of CAD patients with G allele was higher and t(1/2) lower compared to controls carrying the same allele. The amplitude of RBC aggregation of healthy subjects with T allele, who are under increased cardiovascular risk was lower compared to control subjects with G allele. The results of this study indicate that, alterations in RBC aggregation seem to be a consequence of CAD, more than being a preexisting cause. Additionally, some compensatory mechanisms by causing decrements in RBC aggregation, may help regulation of circulation in healthy individuals with high cardiovascular risk.
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PMID:Relationship between hemorheology and Glu(298)Asp polymorphism of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene in patients with coronary artery disease. 1943 12