Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:4.1.1.49 (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase)
4,654 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

By deletion analysis of the fusion genes FBP1-lacZ and PCK1-lacZ we have identified a number of strong regulatory regions in the genes FBP1 and PCK1 which encode fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Lack of expression of beta-galactosidase in fusions lacking sequences from the coding regions suggests the existence of downstream activating elements. Both promoters have several UAS and URS regions as well as sites implicated in catabolite repression. We have found in both genes consensus sequences for the binding of the same regulatory proteins, such as yAP1, MIG1 or the complex HAP2/HAP3/HAP4. Neither deletion nor overexpression of the MIG1 gene affected the regulated expression of the FBP1 or PCK1 genes.
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PMID:Regulatory regions in the yeast FBP1 and PCK1 genes. 132 78

The mouse genes for cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1 (Pck-1) and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 4 subunit (Acra-4) both map to distal chromosome 2 (Siracusa et al. 1989; Bessis et al. 1990). We have utilized Southern blot analysis on human/rodent somatic cell hybrids to map the human homologues of both of these genes, PCK1 and CHRNA4, to human chromosome 20.
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PMID:The genes coding for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1 (PCK1) and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 4 subunit (CHRNA4) map to human chromosome 20, extending the known region of homology with mouse chromosome 2. 149 43

The gene PCK1 encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been mapped on the right arm of chromosome XI, 12.7 centimorgans proximal to MAL4 and 20.1 centimorgans distal to MET1. In order to map the gene, hybridization of PCK1 DNA with separated yeast chromosomes and tetrad analysis of diploids with adequate markers were carried out.
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PMID:Mapping of the PCK1 gene encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase on chromosome XI of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 160 Dec 83

The yeast PCK1 gene coding for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) was isolated by functional complementation of pck1 strains from S. cerevisiae. Only one copy of the gene was found per haploid yeast genome. An RNA of about 2 kb which hybridized with a DNA probe internal to the PCK1 gene was found only in cells growing in non-fermentable carbon sources. Yeast strains carrying multiple copies of the PCK1 gene showed normal catabolite repression of PEPCK except those carrying the shortest insertion complementing the mutation (2.2 kb) that presented an altered kinetics of derepression. Catabolite inactivation was decreased in strains transformed with multicopy plasmids carrying the PCK1 gene.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of the gene encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 268 20

The gene for cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) [GTP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (transphosphorylating), EC 4.1.1.32] from the rat was isolated from a recombinant library containing the rat genome in phage lambda Charon 4A. The isolated clone, lambda PCK1, contains the complete gene for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and approximately equal to 7 kilobases (kb) of flanking sequence at the 5' end and 1 kb at the 3' terminus. Restriction endonuclease mapping, R-loop mapping, and partial DNA sequence assay indicate that the gene is approximately equal to 6.0 kb in length (coding for a mRNA of 2.8 kb) and contains eight introns. Southern blotting of rat DNA digested with various restriction enzymes shows a pattern predicted from the restriction map of lambda PCK1. A control region at the 5' end of the gene contained in a 1.2-kb restriction fragment was isolated and subcloned into pBR322. This segment of the gene contains the usual transcription start sequences and a 24-base sequence virtually identical to the sequence found in the 5'-flanking region of the human proopiomelonocortin gene, which is known to be regulated by glucocorticoids. The 1.2-kb fragment of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene can be transcribed into a unique RNA fragment of predicted size by an in vitro transcription assay.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of the gene coding for cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) from the rat. 630 30

A rabbit antiserum was raised against phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK) purified from Urochloa panicoides, a PCK-type C4 monocot. The antiserum was used to screen a cDNA expression library constructed from U. panicoides leaf poly(A)+RNA. Inserts from immunoreactive clones were used to rescreen the library and obtain three overlapping cDNAs comprising a 2220 bp composite sequence. The single complete open reading frame of 1872 bp encodes PCK1, a 624 amino acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 68,474 Da. Comparison of PCK1 with other ATP-dependent PCKs indicates that PCK1 is significantly larger, mainly due to an N-terminal extension of greater than 65 residues, and reveals high sequence identity across the central portion of the protein, especially over seven sub-sequences. One of these sub-sequences spans motifs common to several ATP-utilising enzymes for phosphate and divalent cation binding. The anti-PCK antiserum recognises a 69 kDa polypeptide on immunoblots of either purified PCK or U. panicoides leaf extracts. However, polypeptides of 63, 62, 61 and 60 kDa are also immunoreactive. Amino terminal sequencing of polypeptides from preparations of purified PCK demonstrates that these smaller polypeptides are related to PCK1, and time course experiments show that these polypeptides arise from the breakdown of PCK during isolation. Northern blot analysis indicates that the 2.7 kb PCK mRNA is abundant in green leaves but not in roots or etiolated shoots. Moreover, PCK mRNA levels increase gradually during greening, reaching maximum levels after about 84 h.
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PMID:Isolation and sequence analysis of cDNAs encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from the PCK-type C4 grass Urochloa panicoides. 788 25

The FBP1 and PCK1 genes encode the gluconeogenic enzymes fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, respectively. In the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the corresponding mRNAs are present at low levels during growth on glucose, but are present at elevated levels during growth on gluconeogenic carbon sources. We demonstrate that the levels of the FBP1 and PCK1 mRNAs are acutely sensitive to the addition of glucose to the medium and that the levels of these mRNAs decrease rapidly when glucose is added to the medium at a concentration of only 0.005%. At this concentration, glucose blocks FBP1 and PCK1 transcription, but has no effect on iso-1 cytochrome c (CYC1) mRNA levels. Glucose also increases the rate of degradation of the PCK1 mRNA approximately twofold, but only has a slight effect upon FBP1 mRNA turnover. We show that the levels of the FBP1 and PCK1 mRNAs are also sensitive to other environmental factors. The levels of these mRNAs decrease transiently in response to a decrease of the pH from pH 7.5 to pH 6.5 in the medium, or to a mild temperature shock (from 24 degrees C to 36 degrees C). The latter response appears to be mediated by accelerated mRNA decay.
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PMID:The levels of yeast gluconeogenic mRNAs respond to environmental factors. 792 62

The human PCK1 gene encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) (PEPCK) was isolated and sequenced. There is 91% amino acid sequence identity (567/622 residues) between the human and the rat proteins, with conservation of intron/exon borders. A polymorphic dinucleotide microsatellite with the structure (CA)16(TA)5(CA) was identified in the 3' untranslated region of the cloned human PCK1 gene. This highly informative genetic marker has an estimated PIC value of 0.79 and heterozygosity of 0.81. Analysis of the RW pedigree demonstrated recombination between PCK1 and the MODY gene on chromosome 20. Multipoint linkage analysis of the reference pedigrees of the Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain localized PCK1 on the genetic map of chromosome 20 at a position distal to markers that are closely linked to MODY. PCK1 is part of a conserved linkage group on mouse Chromosome 2 with identical gene order but expanded length in the human genome.
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PMID:Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP): characterization of the human PCK1 gene and localization distal to MODY on chromosome 20. 832 43

The systems which control the levels of the gluconeogenic enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been bypassed to ascertain their physiological significance. The coding regions of the genes FBP1 and PCK1, which encode fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, have been put under the control of the promoter of ADC1 (alcohol dehydrogenase I), a gene not repressed by glucose, and introduced into yeast in multicopy plasmids. The transformed yeast cells show high levels of the gluconeogenic enzymes during growth on glucose. Generation time and growth yield of yeast expressing either fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase or phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase are not significantly different from those of the wild-type strain. For a strain expressing both enzymes the increase in generation time is about 20% and the decrease in growth yield around 30%. The concentration of ATP is about 1.5 mM in the growing cells of the different strains. The extent of in vivo cycling was measured by 13C NMR in cell-free extracts from yeast growing on [6-13C]glucose. Cycling between fructose-6-phosphate and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is < 2%, most likely due to the very strong inhibition of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. Cycling between phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate is low, but a precise figure could not be obtained due to poor equilibration of label between carbons 2 and 3 of oxaloacetate.
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PMID:Futile cycles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing the gluconeogenic enzymes during growth on glucose. 2689 Aug 8

Cytoplasmic liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) (PEPCK) catalyzes a rate-limiting step in gluconeogenesis. Primers derived from the rat liver PEPCK sequence were used to amplify a portion of the human liver cDNA and to screen a YAC library of human genomic DNA. The sequences of human and rat PEPCK cDNA differed at 16% of the nucleotides compared (45/291). Analysis of a human/rodent hybrid mapping panel demonstrated concordant segregation of PCK1 with chromosome 20. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with YAC DNA further localized PCK1 to subband 20q13.2.
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PMID:Human PCK1 encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is located on chromosome 20q13.2. 843 41


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