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Query: EC:4.1.1.32 (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase)
 4,204 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The adipose conversion of Ob1771 and 3T3-F442A preadipose cells is accompanied by the expression of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene. The PEPCK mRNA is absent from growing, undifferentiated Ob1771 and 3T3-F442A cells as well as from non-differentiating 3T3-C2 cells. It is present in differentiated Ob1771 and 3T3-F442A cells as well as in liver, kidney and white adipose tissue from mouse. Transcriptional run-off measurements in nuclei isolated from undifferentiated and differentiated Ob1771 and 3T3-F442A cells reveal that the PEPCK gene transcription is activated during differentiation. Studies of the time course of changes indicate that the emergence of PEPCK mRNA takes place in parallel to mRNA encoding for a 28 kDa protein (28 K mRNA) but later than that encoding for glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH mRNA). Insulin leads to an increase in the content of PEPCK and GPDH mRNAs with half-maximally effective concentrations of 0.5 and 5 nM for GPDH mRNA and PEPCK mRNA, respectively. Thus, in contrast to rat hepatoma cells, insulin exerts in adipose cells a positive regulation on the expression of the PEPCK gene.
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PMID:Expression of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene and its insulin regulation during differentiation of preadipose cell lines. 352 64

In malic acid-grown cells of the strains ATCC 10022 and KMS3 of Kluyveromyces marxianus the transport of malic acid occurred by a malate-proton symport, which accepted L-malic, D-malic, succinic and fumaric acids, but not tartaric, malonic or maleic acids. The system was inducible and subjected to glucose repression. Mutants of the strain KMS3, unable to grow in a medium with malic acid, were isolated and checked for their capacity to utilize several carbon sources and to transport dicarboxylic acids by the malate-proton symport. Two distinct clones affected on malate transport were obtained. Both were able to grow on a medium with glycerol or ethanol but not with DL-malic, succinic, oxoglutaric and oxaloacetic acids as the sole carbon and energy sources. However, while one of the mutants (Mal7) displayed activity levels for the enzymes malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate lyase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase similar to those of the wild strain, in the other mutant type (Mal6) the activities for the same enzymes were significantly reduced. Plasma membranes from derepressed cells of the wild strain and of the mutants Mal6 and Mal7 were isolated and the protein analysed by SDS-PAGE. The electrophoretic patterns of these preparations differed in a polypeptide with an apparent molecular mass of about 28 kDa, which was absent only in the mutant Mal7. The results indicated that Mal7 can be affected in a gene that encodes a malate carrier in K. marxianus.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of Kluyveromyces marxianus mutants deficient in malate transport. 955 48