Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:4.1.1.32 (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase)
 4,204 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum glucose, serum protein, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and hepatic and renal gluconeogenic enzymes [pyruvate carboxylase (PC), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), fructose-1,6-diphosphatase (F-1,6-DPase), and glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase)] were determined in rats treated daily with cadmium alone (0.25 mg/kg X d, injected ip and in rats pretreated with spironolactone (50 mg/kg x d and 100 mg/kg X d, injected sc) prior to cadmium administration. Rats receiving no treatment, propylene glycol, or spironolactone (100 mg/kg X d, injected sc) were used as controls. The daily treatments were continued for an extended period of 90 d, and the rats were sacrificed at 30-, 60-, and 90-d intervals during the continuous daily treatment schedule. Cadmium treatment significantly increased the amount of serum protein, glucose, serum enzymes, and all the four key gluconeogenic enzymes as compared to controls. Pretreatment of rats with spironolactone 6 h prior to cadmium injection daily antagonized the cadmium effect of the above parameters. It appears from these results that spironolactone reduces the effects of cadmium on the key gluconeogenic enzymes in rat kidney and liver.
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PMID:Influence of spironolactone on cadmium-induced changes in hepatic and renal gluconeogenic enzymes in rats. 712 May 5

Gluconeogenic capacity may be an important factor regulating dry matter intake (DMI) in lactating dairy cows. To determine whether increased glucose demand affects feed intake and hepatic gene expression, lactating Holstein cows were treated with phlorizin or vehicle (propylene glycol) for 7 d. Multiparous cows (n = 12; 269 +/- 65 d in milk, mean +/- SD) were randomly assigned to treatment sequence in a crossover design and were adapted to a common diet for 7 d before the beginning of the experiment. Phlorizin injected s.c. at 4 g/d caused glucose excretion in urine at the rate of 474 g/d. Although phlorizin decreased lactose synthesis and milk production (both P < 0.01), DMI and 3.5% fat-corrected milk production were not altered by treatment. A net deficit of 383 g glucose/d in milk and urine for phlorizin (relative to control) was likely replaced partially through increased gluconeogenesis. The molar insulin:glucagon ratio was decreased 17% by phlorizin (P < 0.001) and hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and pyruvate carboxylase mRNA abundance increased (all P < 0.05). Late-lactation dairy cows adapted quickly to an increase in peripheral glucose demand; adaptation mechanisms likely included enhanced gluconeogenic capacity, whereas DMI was not altered.
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PMID:Phlorizin administration increases hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme mRNA abundance but not feed intake in late-lactation dairy cows. 1614 Aug 99

Multiparous Holstein cows (n=58) were used to study the effects of peripartum dietary supplementation on metabolic status, liver function and reproduction variables. Diets for cows were as follows: (a) no supplementation (CTL), (b) prilled fatty acids as 1.9% of DM (PrFA), (c) calcium salts of long chain n-6 fatty acids as 2.24% of DM (CaLFA) or (d) daily topdressing with 769 g of 65% propylene glycol (PGLY). Supplements were fed during the last 21 days before expected calving except for PGLY that continued until 21 days after parturition. Ovarian activity was monitored by transrectal ultrasonography and days to first ovulation were recorded. Liver biopsies were obtained on day 8 and 21 postpartum and analyzed for triglyceride content and mRNA expression of pyruvate carboxylase, cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, carnitine palmytoyltransferase 1A, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha. At 71 days following parturition, stage of ovarian cycles was synchronized and at day15 of the cycle oxytocin was injected i.v., blood samples were obtained at frequent intervals, and analyzed for 13,14 dihydro, 15-keto PGF(2alpha) (PGFM). Milk production and milk components were not different among treatment groups. Cows in PGLY gained body condition score (BCS) prepartum and net energy balance prepartum tended to be greater, but was not different postpartum from other groups. PGLY supplementation increased plasma insulin concentration prepartum, but not during the postpartum period. No significant differences were observed in plasma concentrations of glucose, NEFA, and insulin-like growth factor or hepatic triglyceride content, but all supplements tended to decrease beta hydroxybutyrate postpartum compared to CTL cows. Abundance of mRNA of gluconeogenic and lipid oxidation genes was not different among treatment groups. Days to first ovulation and uterine PGF(2alpha) production in response to an oxytocin treatment were not significantly different among treatment groups. Peripartum supplementation did not result in the substantial improvement of metabolic profile in early lactation nor significantly affect days to first ovulation and PGFM response to an oxytocin treatment.
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PMID:Effect of peripartum dietary energy supplementation of dairy cows on metabolites, liver function and reproductive variables. 1853 91