Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:4.1.1.32 (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase)
 4,204 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Our previous studies demonstrated that the key gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase is secreted when Saccharomyces cerevisiae are starved of glucose for a prolonged period of time. In this study, we showed that malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate lyase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and cyclophilin A are also secreted in glucose-starved cells. Thus, both gluconeogenic and non-gluconeogenic enzymes are secreted via the non-classical pathway.
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PMID:Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, Malate Dehydrogenase, Isocitrate Lyase, Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase, and Cyclophilin A are secreted in Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown in low glucose. 2456 17

When Saccharomyces cerevisiae is starved of glucose, the gluconeogenic enzymes fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, isocitrate lyase, and malate dehydrogenase, as well as the non-gluconeogenic enzymes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and cyclophilin A, are secreted into the periplasm. In the extracellular fraction, these secreted proteins are associated with small vesicles that account for more than 90% of the total number of extracellular structures observed. When glucose is added to glucose-starved cells, FBPase is internalized and associated with clusters of small vesicles in the cytoplasm. Specifically, the internalization of FBPase results in the decline of FBPase and vesicles in the extracellular fraction and their appearance in the cytoplasm. The clearance of extracellular vesicles and vesicle-associated proteins from the extracellular fraction is dependent on the endocytosis gene END3. This internalization is regulated when cells are transferred from low to high glucose. It is rapidly occurring and is a high capacity process, as clusters of vesicles occupy 10%-20% of the total volume in the cytoplasm in glucose re-fed cells. FBPase internalization also requires the VPS34 gene encoding PI3K. Following internalization, FBPase is delivered to the vacuole for degradation, whereas proteins that are not degraded may be recycled.
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PMID:Exocytosis and Endocytosis of Small Vesicles across the Plasma Membrane in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 2519 42