Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:4.1.1.32 (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase)
 4,204 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relationships between metabolic alterations and tissue-specific gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN), and interleukin 1 and serum levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 before and after a live Escherichia coli septic challenge to rats were examined. From 0 to 2 h, serum glucose significantly decreased while plasma glucagon increased. By 8 h, plasma glucagon, serum insulin, and glucose appearance were significantly elevated. Gene expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase increased 1 h after E. coli but by 4 h was significantly decreased. TNF-alpha mRNA (liver and spleen) and serum peptide levels peaked 1-2 h after the septic challenge and then decreased substantially by 6-8 h. Spleen IL-6 and gamma-IFN mRNA expression reached a maximum 4 h after E. coli challenge, whereas serum IL-6 levels were elevated by 2 h after injection of the bacteria. The increase in TNF-alpha mRNA and serum peptide levels correlated with the early fall in serum glucose and rise in plasma glucagon. Alterations in the rate of glucose appearance and plasma glucagon were observed later and coincided with the increased mRNA expression of IL-6 and gamma-IFN. Thus the metabolic alterations observed in the septic rat are associated with a complex cascade of several cytokines.
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PMID:Sepsis-induced cascade of cytokine mRNA expression: correlation with metabolic changes. 159 Mar 83

Growth hormone plays a key role in the maturation and maintenance of the immune response, however, the effects of chronic high circulating concentrations of the hormone on the immune system is poorly understood. Transgenic mice overexpressing bovine growth hormone (b-GH) gene, fused to the rat phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase promoter (PEPCK), with very high plasma concentration of heterologous b-GH and their littermate normal siblings were used. Spleen cellularity, percentages of total T lymphocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ cells, ratio of T cell subpopulations, mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer (NK) cell activity were examined in male transgenic mice and normal littermate mice at 2 and 6 months of age. The number of splenic lymphocytes was greater in transgenic mice than in matched normal littermates at both ages. The NK cell activity was lower in transgenic mice than in the matched normal littermates at both ages, with the lowest values found in older mice. The b-GH transgenic mice had lower percentages of T cells at both ages, however, in young transgenic mice, the percentage of CD4+ cells was reduced while percentage of CD8+ cells was increased in comparison to normal controls. Both basal and mitogen-induced proliferation capacity of splenocytes were reduced in PEPCK-b-GH-25 mice as compared to normal littermates of both ages. Proliferative indexes in response to concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin were markedly decreased in 6 month old PEPCK-b-GH-25 mice as compared to littermate controls or younger mice. These results indicate that overexpression of b-GH in mice is associated with decreased T cell function and that these abnormalities are age-dependent.
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PMID:Effects of overexpression of growth hormone on T cell activity in transgenic mice. 1260 10