Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase)
6,351 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Euglene gracilis (strain Z) was found to contain five polyamines which could be separated by high-pressure cation-exchange chromatography. 1,3-Diaminopropane, putrescine, norspermidine (N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,3-diaminopropane), spermidine and norspermine (N,N'-bis(aminopropyl)-1,3-diaminopropane) were identified. Biosynthesis of putrescine in E. gracilis proceeds through decarboxylation of L-ornithine, no arginine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.19) activity could be detected. The properties of the enzymes ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50) in this alga were found to be similar to those of the enzymes isolated from animal tissues or yeast cells. A bioxynthetic scheme is proposed which relates the different polyamines occurring in E. gracilis.
...
PMID:Studies on polyamine biosynthesis in Euglena gracilis. 11 84

Ornithine-, lysine- and arginine-decarboxylase activity of 218 P. multocida strains, isolated from birds of varying disease symptoms in Bulgaria and CSSR, and from pigs, rabbits and birds in Cuba, USSR and CSSR, was studied after the method of Moller. Positive ornithine decarboxylase activity was established in 211 strains, low -- in 2, and negative -- in 5 strains. Low arginine decarboxylase activity was observed in 12 Pasteurella strains, while in 14 -- low lysine decarboxylase activity. The presence of ornithine decarboxylase activity can be used, along with the cultural and biochemical properties and with lyzation by a specific bacteriophage, as a taxonomic character for the species. All Pasteurella strains pathogenic for white mice, produce ornithine-decarboxylase. Lines of the strain X 73 obtained following gamma-irradiation having lost their ornithine-decarboxylase are pathogenic for white mice.
...
PMID:[Decarboxylase activity study of Pasteurella multocida]. 12 Jun 31

Strains of Escherichia coli K12 have been constructed which do not contain any of the polyamines normally present in a wild type strain, namely, 1,4-diaminobutane (putrescine) and spermidine. This phenotype arises as a consequence of the assembly into these strains of deletion mutations in speA (arginine decarboxylase), speB (agmatine ureohydrolase), speC (ornithine decarboxylase), and speD (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase). The polyamine-deficient strains grow indefinitely in the absence of polyamines but with a growth rate one-third of that found in the presence of polyamines. These strains can act as hosts for bacteriophages T4, T7, and f2, although the latter phage is poorly adsorbed; they can also maintain F' factors, ColE1 and P1 plasmids, and lysogeny by bacteriophage lambda. In contrast, the production of bacteriophage lambda in the absence of polyamines is strikingly decreased (greater than 99%) either after infection of a nonlysogen or after induction of a lysogen. A polyamine-deficient Hfr strain can transfer its chromosome to a recipient at a normal rate, but the number of recombinants observed in a cross is decreased approximately 300-fold. No such effect is observed when only the F- recipient strain in a cross is polyamine deficient.
...
PMID:Mutants of Escherichia coli that do not contain 1,4-diaminobutane (putrescine) or spermidine. 15 6

DL-alpha-difluoromethylarginine (DFMA), a specific, irreversible inhibitor of arginine decarboxylase (ADC), decreases the capacity of Trypanosoma cruzi to invade and multiply within different types of mammalian host cells in vitro. In this work we found that inhibition of intracellular growth results from selective impairment of amastigote division without appreciable alteration of the capacity of the invading trypomastigotes to transform into the replicative amastigote form. Addition of agmatine, the product of arginine decarboxylation, reversed the inhibitory effect of DFMA. Inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase activity by DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine present in the medium prior to and during infection did not affect trypomastigote transformation or amastigote replication and did not change the magnitude of the inhibitory effect of DFMA on parasite multiplication. Hence, neither polyamine synthesis via the ornithine decarboxylase pathway nor salvage of host cell polyamines by T. cruzi appeared to be a likely explanation for the normal rate of parasite transformation that was seen in the presence of DFMA. Two clones of T. cruzi, TMSU-1 and TMSU-2, were tested for their degrees of sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of DFMA. Both trypomastigote association with (i.e., binding to and penetration of) myoblasts, and intracellular amastigote multiplication by either clone were found to be significantly (P less than 0.05) but not completely inhibited by DFMA. Therefore, the partial inhibition of T. cruzi infectivity and replication caused by DFMA is unlikely to represent a composite of effects of the drug on DFMA-sensitive and insensitive clones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
...
PMID:DL-alpha-difluoromethylarginine inhibits intracellular Trypanosoma cruzi multiplication by affecting cell division but not trypomastigote-amastigote transformation. 159 82

Using Crithidia fasciculata as a model organism for Trypanosoma cruzi, we have examined the effects of D,L-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and D,L-alpha-difluoromethylarginine (DFMA) on growth and polyamine synthesis. In a defined, polyamine-free medium growth was markedly inhibited by DFMO (94% at 50 mM; IC50 = 37 mM) and to a lesser extent by DFMA (65% at 50 mM). Addition of putrescine, but not agmatine, reverses inhibition of growth, suggesting that the site of inhibition is ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Consistent with this conclusion, DFMO or DFMA results in a complete loss of putrescine and significant reductions in intracellular spermidine, glutathionylspermidine and N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine (trypanothione). In addition, significant concentrations of DFMO (0.8 mM) were present in DFMA-treated cells. However, in contrast to other organisms, conversion of DFMA to DFMO is probably not catalysed by arginase. Substantial ornithine decarboxylase activity (63.1 pmol min-1 mg-1; ODC) was observed in control cells, sufficient to account for polyamine synthesis during growth. In addition, a trace arginine decarboxylase (ADC) activity (1.19 pmol min-1 mg-1) was found. Evidence is presented showing that the apparent ADC activity is actually due to the concerted action of arginase (1.5 nmol min-1 mg-1) and ODC. Thus DFMA appears to inhibit growth of C. fasciculata via conversion to DFMO and subsequent inhibition of ODC.
...
PMID:Inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis in Crithidia fasciculata by D,L-alpha-difluoromethylornithine and D,L-alpha-difluoromethylarginine. 185 75

The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of three known irreversible inhibitors of polyamine synthesis, alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and monofluoromethyldehydroornithine methylester (MFMOme), inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and alpha-difluoromethylarginine (DFMA), an inhibitor of arginine decarboxylase (ADC), were determined for 10 species of dermatophytic fungi. Trichophyton species were generally more sensitive to these inhibitors than Microsporum species. Both genera produced arginase, and treatment of members of either genus with DFMO or DFMA resulted in an inhibition of ODC activity and a depletion of cellular polyamines. However, conversion of labelled DFMA to DFMO, either in vivo or in vitro, could not be demonstrated in spite of both genera producing arginase. The ultrastructure of cells cultured in the presence of either DFMO or DFMA was similar, and revealed disruption of calcium metabolism, an increase in mitochondrial number and alterations to membrane systems. DFMA and DFMO also inhibited sporulation in Microsporum gypseum. Our findings indicate that DFMO limits the growth of dermatophytes by direct inhibition of ODC and lowering of cellular polyamine levels; in contrast, DFMA inhibits polyamine synthesis in an unspecified manner as ADC activity was undetected.
...
PMID:Biochemical and morphological effects of polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors on Trichophyton and Microsporum. 188 Jun 81

Polyamine levels of some helminth parasites were analyzed by reverse phase HPLC of benzoyl derivatives. Setaria cervi, Acanthocheilonema viteae, Hymenolepis nana, H. diminuta, and Ascaridia galli contained higher levels of spermine than spermidine while in Ancylostoma ceylanicum and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis the spermidine levels were higher than spermine; putrescine was either absent or present in minor quantities. The enzymes of polyamine biosynthesis viz., ornithine decarboxylase, S-adenosyl methionine (SAM)-decarboxylase, and arginine decarboxylase were present in very low to negligible amounts in all the parasites examined. A. ceylanicum exhibited high activity of ornithine amino transferase (OAT) and catalyzed appreciable decarboxylation of ornithine. The ornithine decarboxylating activity of A. ceylanicum was localized in the particulate fraction containing mitochondria, not inhibited by alpha-difluoromethyl ornithine, the specific inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), but inhibited in the presence of glutamate, suggesting the involvement of mitochondrial OAT rather than a true ODC in ornithine decarboxylation in this parasite. Significant activity of polyamine oxidase was also detected in helminth parasites. The absence of polyamine biosynthesizing enzymes in helminth parasites suggests their dependence on hosts for uptake and interconversion of polyamines, providing a potential target for chemotherapy.
...
PMID:Polyamine metabolism in some helminth parasites. 199 61

Both the polyamine content and the route of acquisition of polyamines by Rickettsia prowazekii, an obligate intracellular parasitic bacterium, were determined. The rickettsiae grew normally in an ornithine decarboxylase mutant of the Chinese hamster ovary (C55.7) cell line whether or not putrescine, which this host cell required in order to grow, was present. The rickettsiae contained approximately 6 mM putrescine, 5 mM spermidine, and 3 mM spermine when cultured in the presence or absence of putrescine. Neither the transport of putrescine and spermidine by the rickettsiae nor a measurable rickettsial ornithine decarboxylase activity could be demonstrated. However, we demonstrated the de novo synthesis of polyamines from arginine by the rickettsiae. Arginine decarboxylase activity (29 pmol of 14CO2 released per h per 10(8) rickettsiae) was measured in the rickettsiae growing within their host cell. A markedly lower level of this enzymatic activity was observed in cell extracts of R. prowazekii and could be completely inhibited with 1 mM difluoromethylarginine, an irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme. R. prowazekii failed to grow in C55.7 cells that had been cultured in the presence of 1 mM difluoromethylarginine. After rickettsiae were grown in C55.7 in the presence of labeled arginine, the specific activities of arginine in the host cell cytoplasm and polyamines in the rickettsiae were measured; these measurements indicated that 100% of the total polyamine content of R. prowazekii was derived from arginine.
...
PMID:Acquisition of polyamines by the obligate intracytoplasmic bacterium Rickettsia prowazekii. 212 Jan 88

We find that the transcription of various ribosomal proteins can be differentially affected by polyamines and by changes in growth rates. Using strain MG1655 of Escherichia coli K-12 (F-, lambda-), we have determined the effects of polyamines and changes in growth rate on the transcription of several ribosomal genes and the polyamine-synthesizing enzymes ornithine decarboxylase (L-ornithine carboxy-lyase; EC 4.1.1.17) and arginine decarboxylase (L-arginine carboxylyase; EC 4.1.1.19). Ribosomal proteins S20 and L34 can be differentiated from the other ribosomal proteins studied; the transcription of S20 and L34 is especially sensitive to polyamines and less sensitive to changes in growth rates. In contrast, the transcription of S10, S15, S19, L2, L4, L20, L22, and L23 is insensitive to polyamines although it is particularly sensitive to changes in growth rates. Like S20 and L34, the transcription of ornithine decarboxylase and arginine decarboxylase is especially sensitive to polyamines. Polyamines specifically enhance the transcription of ribosomal proteins S20 and L34, and decrease that of ornithine decarboxylase and arginine decarboxylase. It is evident that polyamines can exert both positive and negative regulation of gene expression in E. coli that can be differentiated from the effects caused by changes in growth rates.
...
PMID:Transcriptional effects of polyamines on ribosomal proteins and on polyamine-synthesizing enzymes in Escherichia coli. 218 70

Escherichia coli K-12 mutants that carry deletions in their genes for ornithine decarboxylase (L-ornithine carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.17) (speC), arginine decarboxylase (L-arginine carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.19) (speA), and agmatine ureohydrolase (agmatinase or agmatine amidinohydrolase, EC 3.5.3.11) (speB) can still synthesize very small amounts of putrescine and spermidine. The putrescine concentration in these mutants was found to be 1/2500th that in spe+ cells. The pathway of putrescine synthesis appears to be through the biodegradative arginine decarboxylase, which converts arginine to agmatine, in combination with a low agmatine ureohydrolase activity--1/2000th that in spe+ strains. These results suggest that even such low levels of polyamines permit a low level of protein synthesis. Evidence is presented that the polyamine requirement for the growth of the polyamine-dependent speAB, speC deletion mutants, which are also streptomycin resistant, is not due to a decreased ability to synthesize polyamines.
...
PMID:Biosynthesis of polyamines in ornithine decarboxylase, arginine decarboxylase, and agmatine ureohydrolase deletion mutants of Escherichia coli strain K-12. 244 22


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>

---