Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.6.4.4 (kinesin)
 5,033 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prolactin induces maturation of insulin secretion in cultured neonatal rat islets. In this study, we investigated whether the improved secretory response to glucose caused by prolactin involves alteration in the expression, association and phosphorylation of several proteins that participate in these processes. Messenger RNA was extracted from neonatal rat islets cultured for 5 days in the presence of prolactin and reverse transcribed. Gene expression was analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and by Western blotting for proteins. The gene transcription and protein expression of kinesin and MAP-2 were increased in prolactin-treated islets compared to the controls. The association and phosphorylation of proteins was analyzed by immunoprecipitation followed by Western blotting, after acute exposure to prolactin. Prolactin increased the association between SNARE proteins and kinesin/MAP-2 while the association of munc-18/syntaxin 1A was decreased. Serine phosphorylation of SNAP-25, syntaxin 1A, munc-18, MAP-2 was significantly higher whereas kinesin phosphorylation was decreased in prolactin-treated islets. There was an increase in SNARE complex formation in islets stimulated with prolactin, 22 mM glucose, 40 mM K(+), 200 microM carbachol and 1 microM PMA. The prolactin-induced increase in the formation of SNARE complex and syntaxin 1A phosphorylation was inhibited by PD098059 and U0126, inhibitors of the MAPK pathway. These findings indicate that prolactin primes pancreatic beta-cells to release insulin by increasing the expression and phosphorylation/association of proteins implicated in the secretory machinery and the MAPK/PKC pathway is important for this effect.
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PMID:Prolactin modulates the association and phosphorylation of SNARE and kinesin/MAP-2 proteins in neonatal pancreatic rat islets. 1757 85

A widespread belief in phagocyte biology is that FcgammaR-mediated phagocytosis utilizes membrane pseudopods, whereas Mac-1-mediated phagocytosis does not involve elaborate plasma membrane extensions. Here we report that dynamic membrane ruffles in activated macrophages promote binding of C3bi-opsonized particles. We identify these ruffles as components of the macropinocytosis machinery in both PMA- and LPS-stimulated macrophages. C3bi-particle capture is facilitated by enrichment of high-affinity Mac-1 and the integrin-regulating protein talin in membrane ruffles. Membrane ruffle formation and C3bi-particle binding are cytoskeleton dependent events, having a strong requirement for F-actin and microtubules (MTs). MT disruption blunts ruffle formation and PMA- and LPS-induced up-regulation of surface Mac-1 expression. Furthermore, the MT motor, kinesin participates in ruffle formation implicating a requirement for intracellular membrane delivery to active membrane regions during Mac-1-mediated phagocytosis. We observed colocalization of Rab11-positive vesicles with CLIP-170, a MT plus-end binding protein, at sites of particle adherence using TIRF imaging. Rab11 has been implicated in recycling endosome dynamics and mutant Rab11 expression inhibits both membrane ruffle formation and C3bi-sRBC adherence to macrophages. Collectively these findings represent a novel membrane ruffle "capture" mechanism for C3bi-particle binding during Mac-1-mediated phagocytosis. Importantly, this work also demonstrates a strong functional link between integrin activation, macropinocytosis and phagocytosis in macrophages.
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PMID:Membrane ruffles capture C3bi-opsonized particles in activated macrophages. 1876 56