Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.6.4.1 (myosin ATPase)
 1,140 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The postnatal development of extrafusal fibers in the slow-twitch soleus muscle of genetically dystrophic C57BL/6J dy2J/dy2J mice and their normal age-matched controls was investigated by histochemical and quantitative methods at selected ages of 4, 8, 12, and 32 weeks. The majority of fibers in the soleus consisted of two kinds, fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) and slow-twitch oxidative (SO), according to reactions for alkaline-stable and acid-stable myosin ATPase and the oxidative enzyme, NADH-tetrazolium reductase. A minor population of fibers, stable for both alkaline- and acid-preincubated ATPase, but variable in staining intensity for NADH-TR, were designated "atypical" fibers. With age, the normal soleus exhibited a gradual increase in the number and proportion of SO fibers and a reciprocal, steady decline in the percentage of FOG fibers. Atypical fibers were numerous at 4 weeks, but were substantially diminished at later ages. Since total extrafusal fiber number remained relatively constant between the periods examined, this change in relative proportions reflects an adaptive transformation of fiber types characteristic of normal postnatal growth. A striking alteration in the number and distribution of fiber types was associated with the dystrophic soleus. At 4 weeks an 18% reduction in total fiber number was already noted. Subsequently, by 32 weeks a further 22% diminution in overall fiber number had occurred. With age, the absolute number and proportion of dystrophic SO fibers were drastically reduced. In contrast, the percentage of dystrophic FOG fibers increased significantly while their absolute numbers between 4 and 32 weeks remained relatively constant. Atypical fibers in the dystrophic solei were found in elevated numbers at all age groups, particularly at 12 weeks. They may, in part, represent attempts at regeneration or an intermediate stage in fiber-type transformation. Microscopically, both of the major fiber types appeared affected, albeit differently, by the dystrophic process. We suggest that a failure or retardation in the normal postnatal conversion of fiber types within the soleus muscle occurs in this murine model for muscular dystrophy.
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PMID:Abnormal distribution of fiber types in the slow-twitch soleus muscle of the C57BL/6J dy2J/dy2J dystrophic mouse during postnatal development. 665 Apr 41

Muscle cell fiber types in gracilis, rectus femoris, and long head of triceps brachii muscles of ferrets and dogs were identified on serial sections stained for myosin ATPase after preincubation at pH values of 9.8, 4.6, and 4.3 and for NADH-tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) activity. Although fiber types I and II were identified, the ATPase stain did not demonstrate classic type IIA/IIB fiber differences in either species. However, two type II fiber subtypes could be distinguished in the ferret because they differed slightly in staining intensity with ATPase at pH 4.3 and markedly with NADH-TR. One ferret type II fiber (designated II dark or IID) was smaller, slightly darker on ATPase, more oxidative on NADH-TR, and comprised more muscle volume than the other type II fiber (designated II light IIL). The IID fibers of ferret may represent the IID/X fibers of other authors. Both ferret type II fiber subtypes stained darker at pH 4.3 than canine II fibers. The NADH-TR staining indicated high oxidative activity in canine and ferret type I fibers. In contrast, type II fibers in the dog and IIL fibers in the ferret were moderately oxidative. Canine type IIC fibers were intermediate between type I and type II, whereas in the ferret, type IIC fibers were highly oxidative, as were type IID fibers. Ferret muscles are more oxidative than canine muscles according to NADH-TR staining. Also, ferret muscles possess 40-100% higher citrate synthase activity as compared to canine muscles.
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PMID:Comparison of muscle cell fiber types and oxidative capacity in gracilis, rectus femoris, and triceps brachii muscles in the ferret (Mustela putorius furo) and the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). 769 Oct 36

An assumed link between red cell hypervolaemia, an excessive amount of training and impaired performance of hypervolaemic horses has led to a theory that the muscle fibres could be affected. Myosin heavy chain (MHC)-based fibre type composition in gluteus medius muscle of red blood cell normo- (NV) and hypervolaemic (HV) Standardbred trotters was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Muscle biopsies were obtained from 13 NV and 16 HV horses. Serial transverse sections were cut and reacted with antibodies against different isoforms of the myosin heavy chains MHCI, MHCIIA and MHCIIX. Sections were also stained for myofibrillar ATPase pH 4,6 to identify types I, IIA and IIB, and NADH tetrazolium reductase to evaluate the oxidative capacity. The results show that types I and IIA fibres corresponded between staining methods, whereas IIB fibres in the ATPase stains were more numerous than pure MHCIIX fibres from immunohistochemistry. Many fibres identified histochemically as type IIB fibres contained both MHC isoforms IIA and IIX (MHCIIAX). Most fibres had a high oxidative capacity, but among the fibres within a section, the lowest was seen subjectively in pure MHCIIX fibres. Immunohistochemical stains make it possible to detect differences in fibre type composition that are not observed with myosin ATPase stainings, as it was found that HV horses had a lower percentage of MHCIIX fibres than NV horses. Immunohistochemical methods are, therefore, valuable for use in further research and clinical studies concerning muscle adaptations.
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PMID:Myosin heavy chain-based fibre types in red cell hyper- and normovolaemic Standardbred trotters. 1240 1

Mammalian skeletal muscle expresses splice variants of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). Skeletal muscles have a metabolically heterogeneous population of myofibers, and fiber composition in equine skeletal muscle is correlated with athletic ability in endurance events. In this study, we investigated whether nNOS expression in equine skeletal muscle is related to fiber type and endurance training. Biopsy samples obtained from the gluteus medius of sedentary- (SH) and endurance-trained (TH) horses were examined for the electrophoretic mobility of myosin heavy chain (MHC) and NOS activity. Serial tissue cross-sections were stained for myosin ATPase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) reductase, and also immunostained for nNOS. The gluteus medius of TH had higher levels of nNOS expression and activity when compared to muscle from SH. In SH, nNOS was restricted to the subsarcolemmal area while in TH nNOS was also present at cytoplasmic sites. A splice variant of nNOS was heterogeneously distributed among the different myofibers, its expression being higher in fast-oxidative-glycolytic type IIA fibers than in fast-glycolytic type IIX fibers and absent in slow-twitch type I fibers. Trained horses had a significantly higher relative content of type IIA fibers, a greater oxidative capacity, and a lower percentage of type IIX fibers when compared with SH. The differences in muscle fiber typing between the 2 groups of horses reflected alterations that probably resulted from the endurance-training program. Overall, these results show that nNOS is differentially expressed and localized in the gluteus medius according to the fiber type and the athletic conditioning of the horses.
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PMID:Neuronal nitric oxide synthase is heterogeneously distributed in equine myofibers and highly expressed in endurance trained horses. 1574 22


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