Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.6.4.1 (myosin ATPase)
1,140 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The architectural and histochemical properties of the anatomically distinct compartments of the semitendinosus muscle (ST) of mice, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits show that the ST is composed of two separate compartments aligned in series--a distal compartment (STd) and a proximal one (STp). The STp is further subdivided into a ventral head (STpv) and a dorsal head (STpd). The muscle fibers were arranged in parallel to the line of muscle pull within each compartment. The STd has the longest and the STpv the shortest fibers in all species. The physiological cross-sectional area and the estimated tetanic tension was greatest in the STd. Based on the staining pattern for myosin ATPase (alkaline preincubation) and an oxidative indicator (NADH or SDH), the STpv has the highest percentage of slow-oxidative (SO) or SO plus fast-oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) fibers of any portion of the muscle. The differences in fiber-type distributions and architectural designs of the separate compartments suggest a specialization of function of the individual compartments.
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PMID:Architectural and histochemical analysis of the semitendinosus muscle in mice, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits. 648 8

The postnatal development of extrafusal fibers in the slow-twitch soleus muscle of genetically dystrophic C57BL/6J dy2J/dy2J mice and their normal age-matched controls was investigated by histochemical and quantitative methods at selected ages of 4, 8, 12, and 32 weeks. The majority of fibers in the soleus consisted of two kinds, fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) and slow-twitch oxidative (SO), according to reactions for alkaline-stable and acid-stable myosin ATPase and the oxidative enzyme, NADH-tetrazolium reductase. A minor population of fibers, stable for both alkaline- and acid-preincubated ATPase, but variable in staining intensity for NADH-TR, were designated "atypical" fibers. With age, the normal soleus exhibited a gradual increase in the number and proportion of SO fibers and a reciprocal, steady decline in the percentage of FOG fibers. Atypical fibers were numerous at 4 weeks, but were substantially diminished at later ages. Since total extrafusal fiber number remained relatively constant between the periods examined, this change in relative proportions reflects an adaptive transformation of fiber types characteristic of normal postnatal growth. A striking alteration in the number and distribution of fiber types was associated with the dystrophic soleus. At 4 weeks an 18% reduction in total fiber number was already noted. Subsequently, by 32 weeks a further 22% diminution in overall fiber number had occurred. With age, the absolute number and proportion of dystrophic SO fibers were drastically reduced. In contrast, the percentage of dystrophic FOG fibers increased significantly while their absolute numbers between 4 and 32 weeks remained relatively constant. Atypical fibers in the dystrophic solei were found in elevated numbers at all age groups, particularly at 12 weeks. They may, in part, represent attempts at regeneration or an intermediate stage in fiber-type transformation. Microscopically, both of the major fiber types appeared affected, albeit differently, by the dystrophic process. We suggest that a failure or retardation in the normal postnatal conversion of fiber types within the soleus muscle occurs in this murine model for muscular dystrophy.
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PMID:Abnormal distribution of fiber types in the slow-twitch soleus muscle of the C57BL/6J dy2J/dy2J dystrophic mouse during postnatal development. 665 Apr 41

Muscle cell fiber types in gracilis, rectus femoris, and long head of triceps brachii muscles of ferrets and dogs were identified on serial sections stained for myosin ATPase after preincubation at pH values of 9.8, 4.6, and 4.3 and for NADH-tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) activity. Although fiber types I and II were identified, the ATPase stain did not demonstrate classic type IIA/IIB fiber differences in either species. However, two type II fiber subtypes could be distinguished in the ferret because they differed slightly in staining intensity with ATPase at pH 4.3 and markedly with NADH-TR. One ferret type II fiber (designated II dark or IID) was smaller, slightly darker on ATPase, more oxidative on NADH-TR, and comprised more muscle volume than the other type II fiber (designated II light IIL). The IID fibers of ferret may represent the IID/X fibers of other authors. Both ferret type II fiber subtypes stained darker at pH 4.3 than canine II fibers. The NADH-TR staining indicated high oxidative activity in canine and ferret type I fibers. In contrast, type II fibers in the dog and IIL fibers in the ferret were moderately oxidative. Canine type IIC fibers were intermediate between type I and type II, whereas in the ferret, type IIC fibers were highly oxidative, as were type IID fibers. Ferret muscles are more oxidative than canine muscles according to NADH-TR staining. Also, ferret muscles possess 40-100% higher citrate synthase activity as compared to canine muscles.
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PMID:Comparison of muscle cell fiber types and oxidative capacity in gracilis, rectus femoris, and triceps brachii muscles in the ferret (Mustela putorius furo) and the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). 769 Oct 36

Muscle fibre compositions of five different rabbit muscles were determined by combining two enzyme-histochemical reactions (NADH tetracolium oxidoreductase and myosin ATPase after alkaline preincubation). The differentiation into the fibre types, fast twitch glycolytic (FTG), fast twitch oxidative (FTO), and slow twitch oxidative (STO) was possible by a reliable staining classification. Aim of the study was the estimation of enzyme activity patterns within the three different fibre types. For this purpose, four serial cross-sections with several enzyme histochemical reactions were performed: alkaline combination method for fibre type determination, the reactions of myosin ATPase, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). The measurement procedure for the estimation of enzyme activities was based on the proportionality between the intensity of the enzyme histochemical staining reaction and the degree of enzyme activity. The activities of GPDH (indicator for glycolytic metabolism) and SDH (oxidative metabolism) were inverse. The calcium-activated myosin ATPase showed only little activity in slow twitch fibres after alkaline preincubation. In contrast to slow twitch fibres, ATPase activity in fast twitch fibres was relatively high. The results showed that the classification of muscle fibre types due to their myosin ATPase activities and their main metabolisms (oxidative and glycolytic respectively) is justified.
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PMID:Enzyme activity patterns of myosin ATPase, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase within different muscle fibre types. 797 31

Histochemical and morphometric parameters of the cricoarytenoideus lateralis muscle of the horse are presented. Using myosin ATPase staining after acid preincubation, 3 fibre types (I, IIA and IIC) were identified. Using NADH-TR staining, type I fibres showed high oxidative capacity, whereas type II fibres had high or low oxidative capacity. The type I to type II ratio was of 35:65. This ratio remained constant in the age range examined. Statistically significant (p < 0.01) differences were found in values for fibre size between groups of horses weighing more than 500 kg and less than 400 kg. Mean area of type II fibres was greater (p < 0.001) than that of type I fibres. There were no significant differences in mean area between left and right muscles in the group of animals with less weight. In contrast, significant differences (p < 0.05) in mean area between left and right muscles were found for type I fibres in the group of animals exhibiting a higher weight. The histographical distribution of fibre type areas was unimodal. Most adult horses showed muscle fibre type grouping in the left muscle.
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PMID:Histochemical and morphometric study of the cricoarytenoideus lateralis muscle in the horse. 800 9

The pathological, histochemical and ultrastructural changes in the muscular biopsies from 9 patients with myotonic dystrophy were investigated. The major changes observed under light microscopy were degeneration of muscle fibers, increased number of nuclei, tendency of central nuclei to form chains, subsarcolemmal masses of cytoplasm and circularly arranged fibrils. The myosin ATPase and NADH-TR stain demonstrated histochemical selectivity of type I fiber atrophy in 7 of the 9 cases studied. The outstanding ultrastructural changes were extensive small disruptions of plasma membrane, destructions of Z bands and myofilaments, swelling of mitochondria, dilatational sarcoplasmic reticulum and regeneration of muscle fibers. Genetic fault of the surface membrane is a possible cause that leads to enzyme metabolic disorder, mitochondrial calcium overload, increased calcium content in sarcoplasm, resulting finally in mitochondrial metabolic disorder, myofilament destruction and muscle fiber necrosis.
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PMID:[Histochemical and ultrastructural study of myotonic dystrophy]. 816 92

The progression of the pathological changes that occur in the skeletal muscle was examined in 19 Japanese quail of the LWC strain, affected with an autosomal dominant inherited muscular disorder producing electrical myotonia. The muscle samples were obtained every 10 days from 20 to 70 days of age. Muscle samples from 18 age-matched commercial quail were used as normal controls. Characteristic histological lesions found in the skeletal muscles included sarcoplasmic masses, ringed fibres, internal migration of nuclei and fibre size variation. These lesions, which mainly occurred in the proximal muscles, appeared first in the pectoral region and later in the muscles of the thoracic and pelvic limbs. The most predominant lesion observed at all ages consisted of sarcoplasmic masses. The presence of histological changes did not affect muscle fibre typing by two staining methods, for myosin ATPase at pH 4.5, and by NADH-TR stain. The histological changes were observed in type 2A and less commonly in 2B fibres, but not in type 1. The pectoralis thoracicus muscle, in which lesions were particularly common, showed abnormally large type 2B muscle fibres at 20 days of age. These fibres began to decrease in size at 30 days of age, and at 70 days had become strikingly atrophic, their diameter being only about half that observed at 20 days. The atrophic type 2B muscle fibres were eventually replaced by lipocytes. Chronological staging of the histopathological changes in muscle was impossible since no inter-relationship was observed between the age of the quail, the severity of clinical signs and the extent of muscle lesions. This variability in the severity and age of onset may have been due to the variable expression or incomplete penetrance of the defective gene. Because the disorder is hereditary and progressive in nature, it can be classified as a type of progressive muscular dystrophy.
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PMID:Inherited muscular disorder in mutant Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica): relationship between the development of muscle lesions and age. 854 70

Postnatal development and differentiation of the masseter muscles consisting only of fast-twitch oxidative (FO) fibers in the adult Japanese field vole Microtus montebelli were studied using histochemical and electron microscopic techniques. The masseter muscles were composed of myotubes and muscle fibers at day 0 (birth day). Most muscle cells showed the strong reaction for myosin ATPase after both alkaline and acid preincubations. For NADH-dehydrogenase (NADH-DH), small granular diformazan deposits were recognized in the sarcoplasm. Afterwards, the masseter muscles consisted of myofibers and satellite cells at day 5. For myosin ATPase, weakly-reactive fibers after acid preincubation (fast-twitch fibers) increased in number. For NADH-DH, granular diformazan deposits in all the myofibers increased in size. Since all the myofibers had numerous sarcoplasmic reticula, and they reacted strongly after alkaline preincubation and weakly after acid preincubation for myosin ATPase at day 10 when the young start to take solid food, it seems that the masseter muscles become contractive fast. At day 15 (before weaning), all the myofibers showed the adult-like strong reaction for NADH-DH and had numerous well-developed mitochondria, thus they acquired the ability of the fast and sustained contraction. It is accordingly considered that the masseter muscles of the vole mature in a short time after birth because of adaptation for herbivorous food habit.
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PMID:Postnatal development of the masseter muscles in the Japanese field vole Microtus montebelli, with special attention to differentiation of the fast-twitch oxidative fiber. 945 Mar 94

Fibre-type differentiation of lateral musculature has been studied in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata (L.) and sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) during post-larval development using ultrastructural, histochemical and morphometric techniques. The study showed three muscle layers: red, intermediate (or pink) and white. Initially, most of the red muscle showed low myosin ATPase (m-ATPase) activity fibres, whereas near the transverse septum some small high m-ATPase activity fibres appeared and later acquired a rosette aspect. Afterwards, during adult growth the red muscle showed a histochemical mosaic appearance. The pink muscle in sea bass was observed at the beginning of juvenile development by the oxidative technique (NADH-RT reaction) whereas in gilthead sea bream it was also observed at the end of larval development. The pink layer consists of high m-ATPase activity fibres. However, along the muscle development other low and moderate m-ATPase activity fibres were observed close to the red and white muscles, respectively. The white muscle of juvenile fish showed a histochemical mosaic appearance near the pink muscle. In adult specimens the mosaic white muscle spread out occupying the whole of the myotome. Morphometric analysis shows a significant increase in mean fibre diameter during post-larval development, as shown by the Student's t-test (hypertrophic growth). Skewness and kurtosis values of fibre diameters point to the generation of a new fibres from the myosatellite cells (hyperplastic growth).
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PMID:The post-larval development of lateral musculature in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata (L.) and sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (L.). 950 42

The histochemical profiles--mATPase and NADH-TR reactions--of the red and white muscle fibres of gilthead sea bream and sea bass were determined from the first week after hatching. Modifications of the mATPase technique by combinations of pH/time/molarity were carried out in order to compare the sensitivity of the myosin ATPase of each muscle fibre type of the lateral muscle. Results showed that the staining of muscle fibres was independent of small modifications in the technique. The intermediate 'pink' muscle was histochemically defined towards the end of the larval life and is considered to be implicated in the growth of the myotome. A layer of external cells was observed, by electron microscopical examination, between the connective tissue of the skin and the superficial red muscle fibres of larvae and postlarvae. It is suggested that the external cells are unlikely to be a source of red muscle fibres and implicated on the growth of the myotome, but rather a part of the dermatome. The timing, areas and mechanisms of hyperplastic growth of the myotome were defined and discussed.
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PMID:Muscle development in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.): further histochemical and ultrastructural aspects. 974 Nov 44


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