Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.6.3.44 (P-glycoprotein)
 13,344 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters often leads to the development of multidrug resistance (MDR), which is the major factor contributing to the failure of chemotherapy. The objective of this study was to investigate the enhancement of CEP-33779, a small-molecule inhibitor of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), on the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic agents in MDR cells with overexpression of P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (ABCC1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2). Our results showed that CEP-33779, at nontoxic concentrations, significantly sensitized ABCB1 overexpressing MDR cells to its anticancer substrates. CEP-33779 significantly increased intracellular accumulation and decreased the efflux of doxorubicin by inhibiting the ABCB1 transport function. Furthermore, CEP-33779 did not alter the expression of ABCB1 both at protein and mRNA levels but did stimulate the activity of ABCB1 ATPase. CEP-33779 was predicted to bind within the large hydrophobic cavity of homology modeled ABCB1. In addition, the down-regulation of JAK2 by shRNA altered neither the expression of ABCB1 nor the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapeutic agents in ABCB1-overexpressing cells. Significantly, CEP-33779 enhanced the efficacy of vincristine against the ABCB1-overexpressing and drug resistant KBv200 cell xenograft in nude mice. In conclusion, we conclude that CEP-33779 enhances the efficacy of substrate drugs in ABCB1-overexpressing cells by directly inhibiting ABCB1 transport function. The findings encouraged to further study on the combination therapy of CEP-33779 with conventional chemotherapeutic agents in ABCB1 mediated-MDR cancer patients.
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PMID:CEP-33779 antagonizes ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 mediated multidrug resistance by inhibiting its transport function. 2505 26

The present study was designed to identify conditions that could increase the sensitivity of resistant cancer cells to antimitotic drugs. We investigated whether a Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitor used in clinical trials, XL019, sensitizes antimitotic drug-resistant KBV20C cells. XL019 reduced cellular viability and increased apoptosis in vincristine-treated KBV20C cells, independently of the JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. Based on the ATP-binding cassette protein B1 [ABCB1, P-glycoprotein (P-gp)] inhibitory assay, we demonstrated that XL019 functions as a P-gp inhibitor in drug-resistant KBV20C cells. Considering that another JAK2 inhibitor, CEP-33779, also inhibited P-gp and sensitized drug-resistant cancer cells in a previous study, we concluded that JAK2 inhibitors can be used as P-gp inhibitors in drug-resistant cancer cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting, western blot, and annexin V analyses were used to further investigate the mechanism of action of XL019 in vincristine-treated KBV20C cells. XL019 induced early apoptosis of KBV20C cells in response to vincristine treatment via increased G2 phase arrest. Moreover, G2 phase arrest and apoptosis of cells co-treated with vincristine and XL019 resulted from the up-regulation of phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (pRb), p21, and the DNA-damage protein, phosphorylated H2A histone family, member X (pH2AX). Additionally, the P-gp-inhibitory effect of XL019 was less than that of CEP-33779, and a more than 2-fold higher dose was required to sensitize vincristine-treated KBV20C cells. Furthermore, lower doses of XL019 were required to sensitize KBV20C cells to a degree similar to that obtained with the established P-gp inhibitor verapamil, suggesting that XL019 has higher specificity than verapamil. Our results showed that JAK2 inhibitors inhibited P-gp action via a direct binding mechanism, which was similar to that of verapamil. These findings indicate that JAK2 inhibitors may be promising therapeutics for the treatment of cancer that is resistant to antimitotic drugs.
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PMID:P-gp Inhibition by XL019, a JAK2 Inhibitor, Increases Apoptosis of Vincristine-treated Resistant KBV20C Cells with Increased p21 and pH2AX Expression. 2918 54

The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs. Although US Food and Drug Administration guidelines require that potential interactions of investigational drugs with P-gp be explored, often this information does not enter the literature. In response, we developed a high-throughput screen to identify substrates of P-gp from a series of chemical libraries, testing a total of 10,804 compounds, most of which have known mechanisms of action. We used the CellTiter-Glo viability assay to test library compounds against parental KB-3-1 human cervical adenocarcinoma cells and the colchicine-selected subline KB-8-5-11 that overexpresses P-gp. KB-8-5-11 cells were also tested in the presence of a P-gp inhibitor (tariquidar) to assess reversibility of transporter-mediated resistance. Of the tested compounds, a total of 90 P-gp substrates were identified, including 55 newly identified compounds. Substrates were confirmed using an orthogonal killing assay against human embryonic kidney-293 cells overexpressing P-gp. We confirmed that AT7159 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor), AT9283, (Janus kinase 2/3 inhibitor), ispinesib (kinesin spindle protein inhibitor), gedatolisib (PKI-587, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mammalian target of rampamycin inhibitor), GSK-690693 (AKT inhibitor), and KW-2478 (heat-shock protein 90 inhibitor) were substrates. In addition, we assessed direct ATPase stimulation. ABCG2 was also found to confer high levels of resistance to AT9283, GSK-690693, and gedatolisib, whereas ispinesib, AT7519, and KW-2478 were weaker substrates. Combinations of P-gp substrates and inhibitors were assessed to demonstrate on-target synergistic cell killing. These data identified compounds whose oral bioavailability or brain penetration may be affected by P-gp. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to be expressed at barrier sites, where it acts to limit oral bioavailability and brain penetration of substrates. In order to identify novel compounds that are transported by P-gp, we developed a high-throughput screen using the KB-3-1 cancer cell line and its colchicine-selected subline KB-8-5-11. We screened the Mechanism Interrogation Plate (MIPE) library, the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) pharmaceutical collection (NPC), the NCATS Pharmacologically Active Chemical Toolbox (NPACT), and a kinase inhibitor library comprising 977 compounds, for a total of 10,804 compounds. Of the 10,804 compounds screened, a total of 90 substrates were identified of which 55 were novel. P-gp expression may adversely affect the oral bioavailability or brain penetration of these compounds.
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PMID:A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. 3151 84