Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.6.3.14 (ATP synthase)
 7,042 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. This paper is the first detailed report of the purification of a mitochondrial ATPase from an avian species. 2. The Gallus gallus liver mitochondrial F1-ATPase was purified by chloroform extraction and ion-exchange chromatography. 3. The enzyme shows the five alpha, beta, tau, delta, and epsilon subunits characteristic of mitochondrial F1-ATPases. 4. The Km for ATP is 1 mM and for Mg 0.5 mM with a specific activity of 25.2 mu moles of ATP hydrolyzed x min-1 x mg-1. 5. Unlike mammals enzymes the chicken mitochondrial ATPase shows maximal activity with ITP as substrate, and is strongly inhibited by Cu.
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PMID:Purification and properties of the F1-ATPase from liver mitochondria of Gallus gallus. 145 35

In endotherms, plasticity of internal heat production in response to environmental variability is an important component of thermoregulation. During embryogenesis endotherms cannot regulate their body temperature metabolically and are therefore similar to ectotherms. The transition from ectothermy to endothermy occurs by the development of metabolic capacity during embryogenesis. Here we test the hypothesis that the development of metabolism during embryogenesis in birds is under transcriptional control and that metabolic capacity is upregulated in colder environments. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma) coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha) is the major metabolic regulator in mammals. PGC-1 alpha and its target PPAR gamma were significantly elevated during development in pectoral muscle and liver of chickens (Gallus gallus) compared with adults. However, the timing of upregulation of PGC-1 alpha and PPAR gamma was not in synchrony. In cool incubation temperatures (35 degrees C) both PGC-1 alpha and PPAR gamma gene expression was increased in liver but not in skeletal muscle, compared with a 38 degrees C incubation treatment. Cytochrome c oxidase and citrate synthase enzyme activities and ATP synthase gene expression increased during embryonic development in liver and muscle, and there was a significant effect of incubation temperature on these parameters. Our findings suggest that PGC-1 alpha might be important for establishing endothermic metabolic capacity during embryogenesis in birds.
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PMID:Molecular mechanisms underlying the development of endothermy in birds (Gallus gallus): a new role of PGC-1 alpha? 1789 27