Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.6.3.14 (ATP synthase)
 7,042 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Kainic acid (KA), a potent neurotoxin and excitatory amino acid, leads to derangements and modulation of brain proteins. No global brain protein expression pattern induced by KA-treatment has been reported yet. We therefore studied the effect of systemic KA administration on the levels of brain proteins. Rats were injected placebo or KA intraperitoneally and brain was taken after one week. The mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions of the brain proteins were analyzed by proteomics technologies and the levels of selected proteins were quantified using specific software. Heat shock protein HSP 27 was exclusively detected in brains of animals treated with KA, whereas the glucose regulated protein GRP 78 was downregulated. The levels of neurofilaments and alpha-internexin were significantly decreased and a fragment of tubulin alpha-1 chain was manifold increased in KA-brains. The mitochondrial enzymes dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, ATP synthase beta chain and isocitrate dehydrogenase were reduced and pyruvate kinase M1 was increased following KA treatment. We conclude that the concomitant determination of the brain proteins indicates altered regulation of heat shock proteins, neuronal death, cytoskeletal disruption, and mitochondrial derangement by systemic KA administration. This report confirms and extends previous studies on the effect of KA on the expression of brain proteins and suggests that our analytical system can serve as a model for neurotoxicological, neurobiological, and neuropathological proteome studies.
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PMID:Changes in the brain protein levels following administration of kainic acid. 1146 9

Multiple protein expression forms (MPEFs) presenting splicing forms or co- and posttranslation modifications, account for the vast diversity, the myriad of gene products and clearly indicate problems which proteomics research is facing. In the present study, we generated a rat brain map representing MPEFs by the use of an analytical method based on two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry. Forty-nine individual proteins were selected that showed more than two spots, resulting altogether into a total number of 357 expression forms. Some proteins showed large MPEFs numbers as e.g. tubulin alpha-1 chain (24 spots), ATP synthase alpha-chain (28), beta chain (17) or septin 7 (13). The molecular diversity observed in this map clearly shows that immunochemical or even protein chemical results from expressional studies have to be interpreted with caution, in particular if one dimensional electrophoretic or western blot techniques are applied and MPEFs are poorly resolved.
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PMID:Molecular diversity of rat brain proteins as revealed by proteomic analysis. 1631 15

To elucidate molecular responses of shrimp hemocytes to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was applied to investigate differentially expressed proteins in hemocytes of Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) at 24 h post infection (hpi). Approximately 580 protein spots were detected in hemocytes of healthy and WSSV-infected shrimps. Quantitative intensity analysis revealed 26 protein spots were significantly up-regulated, and 19 spots were significantly down-regulated. By mass spectrometry, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) 1, cytosolic MnSOD, triosephosphate isomerase, tubulin alpha-1 chain, microtubule-actin cross-linking factor 1, nuclear receptor E75 protein, vacuolar ATP synthase subunit B L form, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, arginine kinase, etc., amounting to 33 differentially modulated proteins were identified successfully. According to Gene Ontology annotation, the identified proteins were classified into nine categories, consisting of immune related proteins, stimulus response proteins, proteins involved in glucose metabolic process, cytoskeleton proteins, DNA or protein binding proteins, proteins involved in steroid hormone mediated signal pathway, ATP synthases, proteins involved in transmembrane transport and ungrouped proteins. Meanwhile, the expression profiles of three up-regulated proteins (SUMO, heat shock protein 70, and arginine kinase) and one down-regulated protein (prophenoloxidase) were further analyzed by real-time RT-PCR at the transcription level after WSSV infection. The results showed that SUMO and heat shock protein 70 were significantly up-regulated at each sampling time point, while arginine kinase was significantly up-regulated at 12 and 24 hpi. In contrast, prophenoloxidase was significantly down-regulated at each sampling time point. The results of this work provided preliminary data on proteins in shrimp hemocytes involved in WSSV infection.
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PMID:Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in Fenneropenaeus chinensis hemocytes upon white spot syndrome virus infection. 2458 54