Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.6.3.14 (ATP synthase)
 7,042 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Internal homology units of F1-ATPase epsilon and gamma subunits were searched by computer-aided methods. The epsilon in E. coli (EC) and maize chloroplast (Ch1) was found to consist of three homologous domains, named domains I, II and III (amino acids 1-47, 48-95 and 96-139 for EC). The gamma in E. coli was demonstrated to have at least six homologous domains, tentatively named here domains I-III and V-VII (I = aa 1-23, II = 26-69, III = 71-112, V = 150-192, VI = 196-242, VII = 285-329), with leaving a region IV (113-149) unclassified. Adenylate kinases (AK's) in pig and E. coli were found to have three internal homology units, named I, I' and II (I = aa 1-47, I' = 48-79, II = 80-124 for pig). Statistical evaluations and dot matrix analyses at both base and amino acid sequence levels have confirmed that all of these repeating units, being about 46 amino acids long, are homologous with one another. Of these, epsilon III, II, gamma VII and AK II domains were most conservative and some of them showed homology to core enzyme alpha and an internal repeating unit of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (Trp-RS). Thus these homology unit-encoding gene segments must be relics of a primodial gene.
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PMID:A most primitive primodial gene as a building block of the genes for the adenylate kinase, F1-ATPase subunits (epsilon and gamma), aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, and core enzyme subunits. 288 90

Angiogenesis controls the new blood supply routes into the tumor mass via the host endothelial cells (ECs). In this study, the EA.hy926 endothelial cell line has been treated with vinblastine (VBL) and rapamycin (RAP), both separately and in combination at low doses. Recently, we demonstrated the synergistic antiangiogenic effects of a combination of VBL and RAP at very low doses in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we confirm the ability of this combined treatment to statistically inhibit the proliferation of ECs, in a synergistic manner, by inducing apoptosis. The aim of this study was to substantiate these findings at the protein level. Differential proteomic analysis was performed on untreated control cells, treated with VBL, incubated with RAP, or subjected to a drug combination. Differentially expressed 113 polypeptide chains were visualized and 65 were identified via MALDI-TOF analysis. Some of the regulated proteins are involved in the processes of angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. The down-modulation of ATP synthase, annexin A2, heat shock p70, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, proteasome 26S, tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, and stathmin/OP18, as well as the up-modulation of carbonyl reductase, Rho-GDI, and histone H1.0 correlates with the synergistic antiangiogenic activity of VBL and RAP.
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PMID:Proteomic analysis of anti-angiogenic effects by a combined treatment with vinblastine and rapamycin in an endothelial cell line. 1688 24