Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.6.3.14 (ATP synthase)
 7,042 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mycoplasma synoviae isolates differ in patterns of immunogenic proteins, but most of them have not been identified yet. The main aim of this study was their identification in two closely related M. synoviae isolates, ULB 02/P4 and ULB 02/OV6, recovered recently from chickens in Slovenia. N-terminal sequencing identified 17 M. synoviae proteins. Amongst them were 14 major, highly expressed but previously unidentified proteins, including enzymes, chaperones and putative lipoproteins. ULB 02/P4 proteins with increasing molecular weight (M(w)) in the region above the lipoprotein MSPB (approximately 40 kDa) were elongation factor EF-Tu, enolase, NADH oxidase, haemagglutinin MSPA, ATP synthase beta chain, trigger factor, pyruvate kinase and chaperone DnaK. Enolase (approximately 47 kDa) seemed to be immunogenic for chickens infected with M. synoviae, whereas EF-Tu, which might cross-react with antibodies to the P1 adhesin of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, was not. ULB 02/OV6 synthesized several immunogenic proteins and those with M(w) of approximately 70, 78, 82, 90, 110 and 160 kDa, cross-reacted with antibodies to Mycoplasma gallisepticum. They remain to be identified, because besides putative lipoproteins, protein bands of 78, 82, 85 and 110 kDa contained also dehydrogenase PdhD, elongation factor EF-G, enzyme PtsG and putative neuraminidase, respectively.
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PMID:Identification of major immunogenic proteins of Mycoplasma synoviae isolates. 1772 Mar 37

Influenza viruses are characterized by two surface proteins - the hemagglutinin (HA) of which there are 16 varieties, and the neuraminidase (NA) of which there are 9, each subtype characterized by its antigenic properties. Although theoretically 16 x 9 combinations are possible, only a few like the H1N1, H3N2, etc are seen to occur more frequently. Numerous studies with select subtypes like H1N1, H5N1, etc., have explained this phenomena by indicating that viral viability necessitates functional balance between the NA and HA so that only some combinations are favored. However, the reasons for this balance or its characteristics and whether this is universal for influenza subtypes are not yet known. Using novel graphical techniques and hypothesizing a coupling between the HA and NA, we devised a coupling factor to estimate the interdependence, if any, between HA and NA sequences covering a global sample of 10 subtypes and 164 sequences. We found that (a) the coupling we hypothesized between HAs and NAs is characteristic of each subtype, (b) within each subtype the coupling value is significantly different for human infecting strains and those that infect avians, and (c) artificial strains made up by mixing and matching HAs and NAs from different subtypes produce coupling factors that are far from the characteristic values for the parent subtype indicating possibly non-viable viruses, a result that matches with experimental evidence of Zhang et al. [1]. We also show that some natural strains that did not fit the characteristic values for its subtype could have been possible mismatches during viral packaging. Our observations have important consequences for drug and vaccine design and for monitoring of influenza virus reassortments and possible evolution of human pandemics.
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PMID:Characteristics of influenza HA-NA interdependence determined through a graphical technique. 2579 3