Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.6.3.14 (ATP synthase)
 7,042 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

As a first step towards using cross-species comparison to complete the inventory of the nuclear genes that encode mitochondrial polypeptides, and ultimately to understand their function through systematic molecular and genetic analysis in a model organism of choice, we report here the characterization of 41 Drosophila melanogaster cDNAs. These cDNAs were isolated by screening an ovarian expression library with antibodies against mitochondrial proteins and identify 17 novel Drosophila genes. The deduced amino acid sequences encoded by the majority of these cDNAs turned out to show significant homology to mitochondrial proteins previously identified in other species. Among others, ORFs putatively encoding six different subunits of ATP synthase and three NADH:ubiquinone reductase subunits were detected. By in situ hybridization, all cDNAs were mapped to single bands on polytene chromosomes, thus identifying candidate Drosophila genes required for mitochondrial biogenesis and maintenance. A search of the Human Gene Index database made it possible in most cases to align the entire Drosophila coding sequence with a human consensus sequence, suggesting that the cDNAs originate from insect counterparts of expressed mammalian genes. Our experimental strategy represents an efficient approach to the identification and interspecies comparison of genes encoding products targeted to the mitochondrion.
 ...
PMID:Identification of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins: isolation of a collection of D. melanogaster cDNAs homologous to sequences in the Human Gene Index database. 1007 Dec 11

The ratios of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes NADH:ubiquinone reductase (complex I), succinate:ubiquinone reductase (complex II), ubiquinol:cytochrome c reductase (complex III), cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), and F1F0-ATP synthase (complex V) from bovine heart mitochondria were determined by applying three novel and independent approaches that gave consistent results: 1) a spectrophotometric-enzymatic assay making use of differential solubilization of complexes II and III and parallel assays of spectra and catalytic activities in the samples before and after ultracentrifugation were used for the determination of the ratios of complexes II, III, and IV; 2) an electrophoretic-densitometric approach using two-dimensional electrophoresis (blue native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) and Coomassie blue-staining indices of subunits of complexes was used for determining the ratios of complexes I, III, IV, and V; and 3) two electrophoretic-densitometric approaches that are independent of the use of staining indices were used for determining the ratio of complexes I and III. For complexes I, II, III, IV, and V in bovine heart mitochondria, a ratio 1.1 +/- 0.2:1.3 +/- 0.1:3:6.7 +/- 0.8:3.5 +/- 0.2 was determined.
 ...
PMID:The ratio of oxidative phosphorylation complexes I-V in bovine heart mitochondria and the composition of respiratory chain supercomplexes. 1148 15