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Query: EC:3.6.3.1 (Mg2+-ATPase)
 1,484 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Actin and spectrin were isolated from washed red blood cell membranes. Spectrin bound and polymerized erythrocyte actin in the absence of potassium. Spectrin coated into polystyrene latex particles bound 8--9 mol of erythrocyte actin per mol of spectrin when actin was in its depolymerized state. Spectrin enhanced the interaction of erythrocyte actin with muscle myosin as manifested by changes in Mg2+-ATPase activity. A similar enhancement also was observed with muscle alpha-actinin while muscle tropomyosin abolished these effects. The data suggest that spectrin may play the role of polymerizing factor as well as the anchoring site for erythrocyte actin just as alpha-actinin is the anchoring site for actin filaments in muscle and other non-muscle cells.
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PMID:Erythrocyte actin and spectrin. Interactions with muscle contractile and regulatory proteins. 15 47

Myosin was recently identified in erythrocytes and was shown to partition both with membrane and cytosolic fractions, suggesting that it may be loosely bound to membranes [Fowler, V. M., Davis, J. Q. & Bennett, V. (1985) J. Cell Biol. 100, 47-55, and Wong, A. J., Kiehart, D. P. & Pollard, T. D. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 46-49]; however, the molecular basis for this binding was unclear. The present studies employed immobilized monomeric myosin to examine the interaction of myosin with erythrocyte protein 4.1. In human erythrocytes, protein 4.1 binds to integral membrane proteins and mediates spectrin-actin assembly. Protein 4.1 binds to rabbit skeletal muscle myosin with a Kd = 140 nM and a stoichiometry consistent with 1:1 binding. Heavy meromyosin competes for protein 4.1 binding with Ki = 36-54 nM; however, the S1 fragment (the myosin head) competes less efficiently. Affinity chromatography of partial chymotryptic digests of protein 4.1 on immobilized myosin identified a 10-kDa domain of protein 4.1 as the myosin-binding site. In functional studies, protein 4.1 partially inhibited the actin-activated Mg2+-ATPase activity of rabbit skeletal muscle myosin with Ki = 51 nM. Liver cytosolic and erythrocyte myosins preactivated with myosin light-chain kinase were similarly inhibited by protein 4.1. These studies show that protein 4.1 binds, modulates, and thus may regulate myosin. This interaction might serve to generate the contractile forces involved in Mg2+-ATP-dependent shape changes in erythrocytes and may additionally serve as a model for myosin organization and regulation in non-muscle cells.
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PMID:Erythrocyte protein 4.1 binds and regulates myosin. 253 61

Membrane-bound Ca2+-ATPases are responsible for the energy-dependent transport of Ca2+ across membrane barriers against concentration gradients. Such enzymes have been identified in sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle tissues and in non-muscle cells in both surface membranes and endoplasmic-reticulum-like intracellular membrane complexes. In a previous study using membrane fractionation by density-gradient and free-flow electrophoresis, we reported that the intracellular membranes of human blood platelets were a major storage site for Ca2+ and involved in maintaining low cytosol [Ca2+] in the unactivated cell. In the present report we demonstrated that the intracellular membranes also exhibit a high-affinity Ca2+-ATPase which appears to be kinetically associated with the Ca2+-sequestering process. We found that both the surface membrane and the intracellular membrane exhibited a basal Mg2+-ATPase activity, but Ca2+ activation of this enzyme was confined only to the intracellular membrane. Use of Ca2+-EGTA buffers to control the extravesicle [Ca2+] allowed a direct comparison of the Ca2+-ATPase and the Ca2+-uptake process over a Ca2+ range of 0.01 microM to 1.0 mM, and it was found that both properties were maximally expressed in the range of external [Ca2+] 1-50 microM, with concentrations greater than 100 microM showing substantial inhibition. Double-reciprocal plots for the Ca2+-ATPase activity and Ca2+ uptake gave apparent Km values for Ca2+ of 0.15 and 0.13 microM respectively. However, similar plots for ATP with the enzyme revealed a discontinuity (two affinity sites, with Km 20 and 145 microM), whereas plots for the Ca2+ uptake gave a single Km value for Ca2+, 1.1 microM. Phosphorylation studies during Ca2+ uptake using [gamma-32P]ATP revealed two components of 90 and 95 kDa phosphorylated at extravesicle [Ca2+] of 3 microM. The Ca2+-ATPase activity, Ca2+ uptake and phosphorylation were all almost completely inhibited in the presence of 500 microM-Ca2+. Similar studies using mixed membranes revealed four other phosphoproteins (50, 40, 20 and 18 kDa) formed in addition to the 90 and 95 kDa components. The findings are discussed in the context of platelet Ca2+ mobilization for function and the mechanisms whereby Ca2+ homoeostasis is controlled in the unactivated cell.
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PMID:Studies on the bivalent-cation-activated ATPase activities of highly purified human platelet surface and intracellular membranes. 293 26

We studied the effects of caldesmon, a major actin- and calmodulin-binding protein found in a variety of muscle and non-muscle tissues, on the various ATPase activities of skeletal-muscle myosin. Caldesmon inhibited the actin-activated myosin Mg2+-ATPase, and this inhibition was enhanced by tropomyosin. In the presence of the troponin complex and tropomyosin, caldesmon inhibited the Ca2+-dependent actomyosin Mg2+-ATPase; this inhibition could be partly overcome by Ca2+/calmodulin. Caldesmon, phosphorylated to the extent of approximately 4 mol of Pi/mol of caldesmon, inhibited the actin-activated myosin Mg2+-ATPase to the same extent as did non-phosphorylated caldesmon. Both inhibitions could be overcome by Ca2+/calmodulin. Caldesmon also inhibited the Mg2+-ATPase activity of skeletal-muscle myosin in the absence of actin; this inhibition also could be overcome by Ca2+/calmodulin. Caldesmon inhibited the Ca2+-ATPase activity of skeletal-muscle myosin in the presence or absence of actin, at both low (0.1 M-KCl) and high (0.3 M-KCl) ionic strength. Finally, caldesmon inhibited the skeletal-muscle myosin K+/EDTA-ATPase at 0.1 M-KCl, but not at 0.3 M-KCl. Addition of actin resulted in no inhibition of this ATPase by caldesmon at either 0.1 M- or 0.3 M-KCl. These observations suggest that caldesmon may function in the regulation of actin-myosin interactions in striated muscle and thereby modulate the contractile state of the muscle. The demonstration that caldesmon inhibits a variety of myosin ATPase activities in the absence of actin indicates a direct effect of caldesmon on myosin. The inhibition of the actin-activated Mg2+-ATPase activity of myosin (the physiological activity) may not be due therefore simply to the binding of caldesmon to the actin filament causing blockage of myosin-cross-bridge-actin interaction.
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PMID:The effects of caldesmon on the ATPase activities of rabbit skeletal-muscle myosin. 294 98

It has been established that the liver cell possesses its own myosin which resembles other non-muscle myosins in subunit composition and in its dependence of actin-activated Mg2+-ATPase activity on light chain phosphorylation (Ueno T, Sekine T: Biochem Int, 1987;15:1205). We have raised a specific antibody against rabbit liver cell myosin. Immunoblot analysis has shown that the purified antibody reacts only with the heavy chain of liver cell myosin. The antibody did not react with rabbit skeletal muscle myosin or with smooth muscle myosin extracted from rabbit intestinal wall. Cryostat liver sections analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy showed a characteristic polygonal staining pattern, indicating that myosin is concentrated close to the plasma membrane, particularly in the region of bile canaliculi. Myosin therefore appears to be localized in the area where actin filaments are also abundant.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical localization of myosin in rabbit liver cell. 329 Mar 35

The contractile proteins actin and myosin have been isolated from the soluble phase of guinea-pig polymorphonuclear leucocytes and partially characterised. Two forms of actin have been identified, designated 'Mg-actin' and 'KCl-actin'. They have different polymerising properties but their propensity to form synthetic homologous and heterologous actomyosins and to inhibit DNAase-1 does not significantly differ. Both show beta and gamma isoelectric forms in focusing gels and the Mg-actin accounts for about 5% of the soluble-phase protein and te KCl-actin around 2%. Leucocyte myosin has been isolated by affinity chromatography on N6-ADP-Sepharose with a good enrichment of both Ca2+-ATPase and the ATPase activity measured in the absence of Ca2+ or Mg2+ and in the presence of EDTA. This protein, too, has the capacity to form synthetic homologous and hybrid actomyosins with enhancement of the basal Mg2+-ATPase activity. The ratio of actin to myosin in the leucocyte calculated on a molar basis is well in excess of 100, a figure consistent with the findings from other non-muscle cells.
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PMID:The isolation and characterisation of guinea-pig polymorphonuclear leucocyte actin and myosin. 610 49

Myosin II is an actin-binding protein composed of MHC (myosin heavy chain) IIs, RLCs (regulatory light chains) and ELCs (essential light chains). Myosin II expressed in non-muscle tissues plays a central role in cell adhesion, migration and division. The regulation of myosin II activity is known to involve the phosphorylation of RLCs, which increases the Mg2+-ATPase activity of MHC IIs. However, less is known about the details of RLC-MHC II interaction or the loss-of-function phenotypes of non-muscle RLCs in mammalian cells. In the present paper, we investigate three highly conserved non-muscle RLCs of the mouse: MYL (myosin light chain) 12A (referred to as MYL12A), MYL12B and MYL9 (MYL12A/12B/9). Proteomic analysis showed that all three are associated with the MHCs MYH9 (NMHC IIA) and MYH10 (NMHC IIB), as well as the ELC MYL6, in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. We found that knockdown of MYL12A/12B in NIH 3T3 cells results in striking changes in cell morphology and dynamics. Remarkably, the levels of MYH9, MYH10 and MYL6 were reduced significantly in knockdown fibroblasts. Comprehensive interaction analysis disclosed that MYL12A, MYL12B and MYL9 can all interact with a variety of MHC IIs in diverse cell and tissue types, but do so optimally with non-muscle types of MHC II. Taken together, our study provides direct evidence that normal levels of non-muscle RLCs are essential for maintaining the integrity of myosin II, and indicates that the RLCs are critical for cell structure and dynamics.
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PMID:Myosin regulatory light chains are required to maintain the stability of myosin II and cellular integrity. 2112 33