Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.6.3.1 (Mg2+-ATPase)
 1,484 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Uncouplers of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, dinitrophenol (DNP) and carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP), were found to stimulate Mg(2+)-ATPase activity of human erythrocyte membranes in a manner competitive with respect to 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione (DNP-SG) which suggested that these compounds may also be substrates of the glutathione-S-conjugate pump. We confirm that the stimulation of erythrocyte membrane ATPase activity by DNP and by another uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), is competitive with respect to DNP-SG. However, we found no evidence for active transport of DNP and CCCP out of erythrocytes and demonstrate that they inhibit the low-affinity component of DNP-SG transport noncompetitively while stimulating the high-affinity DNP-SG transport (mediated by multidrug resistance-associated protein, MRP1). Implications of these findings may indicate the electrogenic nature of MRP1-mediated transport of glutathione-S conjugates and stimulation of aminophospholipid translocase (flippase) rather than the glutathione-S-conjugate pump by the uncouplers.
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PMID:Uncouplers of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation are not substrates of the erythrocyte glutathione-S-conjugate pump. 943 89

The active outward translocation of phospholipid analogues from the inner to the outer membrane leaflet of human erythrocytes by the multi-drug resistance protein MRP1 (ABCC1) depends on intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH). Entrapment of ATP and increasing amounts of GSH inside resealed ghosts prepared from erythrocytes resulted in an up to six-fold increase of the translocation rate. Entrapped oxidized glutathione (GSSG) acted inhibitory but produced stimulation after addition of the disulphide-reducing reagent dithioerythritol. Modification of GSH by esterification of the C-terminal carboxylate of Gly, removal of the N-terminal Glu or substitution of the SH group by an anionic S-dicarboxyethyl or sulphonate group abolished stimulation. The effect of S-alkylation of GSH depended on the length of the alkyl group. S-methyl GSH was somewhat more effective than GSH, but maximal stimulation was similar. S-butyl GSH acted poorly stimulatory while S-hexyl GSH was essentially ineffective. Analyses of the kinetic data of translocation revealed K(m) values for GSH and methyl-GSH of respectively 7.4 +/- 2.4 and 4.9 +/- 1.1 mmol l(-1). At high GSH levels and defined constant ATP levels using an ATP-regenerating system, the Km for ATP of the outward translocation was 0.16 +/- 0.02 mmol l(-1). In the same system lacking GSH, the Km for ATP of the inward translocation by the aminophospholipid flippase was 0.53 +/- 0.23 mmol l(-1).
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PMID:ATP and GSH dependence of MRP1-mediated outward translocation of phospholipid analogs in the human erythrocyte membrane. 1457 45

Transfection studies have implicated the multiple drug resistance pump, MDR1, as a glucosyl ceramide translocase within the Golgi complex (Lala, P., Ito, S., and Lingwood, C. A. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 6246-6251). We now show that MDR1 inhibitors, cyclosporin A or ketoconazole, inhibit neutral glycosphingolipid biosynthesis in 11 of 12 cell lines tested. The exception, HeLa cells, do not express MDR1. Microsomal lactosyl ceramide and globotriaosyl ceramide synthesis from endogenous or exogenously added liposomal glucosyl ceramide was inhibited by cyclosporin A, consistent with a direct role for MDR1/glucosyl ceramide translocase activity in their synthesis. In contrast, cellular ganglioside synthesis in the same cells, was unaffected by MDR1 inhibition, suggesting neutral and acid glycosphingolipids are synthesized from distinct precursor glycosphingolipid pools. Metabolic labeling in wild type and knock-out (MDR1a, 1b, MRP1) mouse fibroblasts showed the same loss of neutral glycosphingolipid (glucosyl ceramide, lactosyl ceramide) but not ganglioside (GM3) synthesis, confirming the proposed role for MDR1 translocase activity. Cryo-immunoelectron microscopy showed MDR1 was predominantly intracellular, largely in rab6-containing Golgi vesicles and Golgi cisternae, the site of glycosphingolipid synthesis. These studies identify MDR1 as the major glucosyl ceramide flippase required for neutral glycosphingolipid anabolism and demonstrate a previously unappreciated dichotomy between neutral and acid glycosphingolipid synthesis.
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PMID:Role of multiple drug resistance protein 1 in neutral but not acidic glycosphingolipid biosynthesis. 1466 72