Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.6.3.1 (Mg2+-ATPase)
 1,484 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

HDL metabolism is crucial in maintaining cellular cholesterol and phospholipid homeostasis and prevention of atherosclerosis progression. Recent work identified the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) as the major regulator of plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol responsible for the removal of excess cholesterol from peripheral cells and tissues. Here we discuss some novel aspects of the ABCA1 network: 1) the cellular pathways involved in cholesterol and phospholipid efflux, 2) regulation of ABCA1, 3) sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1)- or cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-like function of ABCA1, 4) interaction of the ABCA1 C-terminus with beta2-syntrophin, 5) ABCA1 modulation of the Rho GTPase Cdc42, 6) localization of ABCA1 in plasma membrane microdomains and intracellular sites, 7) differential effects of prebeta-HDL precursors on ABCA1 mediated alpha-HDL particle formation and 8) ABCA1 in platelets and its relation to phosphatidylserine-flippase activity. A complex regulatory network and additional antiatherogenic features that may depend on the composition of prebeta-HDL precursor particles are believed to coordinate ABCA1 function in reverse cholesterol and phospholipid transport. Distinct prebeta-HDL ligand-specific receptor-clusters are involved that may modulate specific signaling pathways with varying outcomes related to prebeta-HDL particle composition, the cell-type and the cellular response status.
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PMID:ABCA1: regulation, trafficking and association with heteromeric proteins. 1245 78

Improving our understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic immune-mediated cholangiopathies such as primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), as well as the development of novel diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic tools for these disorders critically depends on easily reproducible animal models. Recently, several spontaneous mouse models for PBC (not requiring previous manipulations for breakdown of immunotolerance) have been reported, including NOD.c3c4 and NOD.c3c4-derived mice, IL-2Ralpha(-/-) mice, dominant negative TGF-beta receptor II mice and Ae2(a,b)(-/-) mice. To date, no animal model exhibits all of the attributes of PSC. Rodent models induced by bacterial cell components or colitis may help to explain the strong association between PSC and inflammatory bowel disease. Other models include direct injury to biliary epithelia, peribiliary vascular endothelia or portal venous endothelia. Mice with targeted disruption of the Mdr2 (Abcb4) gene encoding a canalicular phospholipid flippase (Mdr2(-/-) mice) spontaneously develop sclerosing cholangitis with macroscopic and microscopic features of human PSC. Another example for a transporter involved in the pathogenesis of sclerosing cholangitis is the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR/ABCC7). Xenobiotics and drugs may also lead to bile duct injury and biliary fibrosis via direct toxic and indirect immune-mediated injury. Hydrophobic bile acids, such as lithocholic acid, cause bile duct injury and destructive cholangitis with periductal fibrosis resembling sclerosing cholangitis. These models have enhanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of PBC and PSC and will hopefully result in improved treatment of these disorders.
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PMID:New insights into autoimmune cholangitis through animal models. 2046 Aug 97

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 1 (PFIC1) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the phospholipid flippase ATP8B1. Apart from severe cholestatic liver disease, many PFIC1 patients develop extrahepatic symptoms characteristic of cystic fibrosis (CF), such as pulmonary infection, sweat gland dysfunction and failure to thrive. CF is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a chloride channel essential for epithelial fluid transport. Previously it was shown that CFTR transcript levels were strongly reduced in livers of PFIC1 patients. Here we have investigated the hypothesis that ATP8B1 is important for proper CFTR expression and function. We analyzed CFTR expression in ATP8B1-depleted intestinal and pulmonary epithelial cell lines and assessed CFTR function by measuring short-circuit currents across transwell-grown ATP8B1-depleted intestinal T84 cells and by a genetically-encoded fluorescent chloride sensor. In addition, we studied CFTR surface expression upon induction of CFTR transcription. We show that CFTR protein levels are strongly reduced in the apical membrane of human ATP8B1-depleted intestinal and pulmonary epithelial cell lines, a phenotype that coincided with reduced CFTR activity. Apical membrane insertion upon induction of ectopically-expressed CFTR was strongly impaired in ATP8B1-depleted cells. We conclude that ATP8B1 is essential for correct apical localization of CFTR in human intestinal and pulmonary epithelial cells, and that impaired CFTR localization underlies some of the extrahepatic phenotypes observed in ATP8B1 deficiency.
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PMID:The phospholipid flippase ATP8B1 mediates apical localization of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator. 2730 31