Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.6.1.3 (ATPase)
65,361 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The subunit compositions of the F1 (oligomycin-insensitive) and F1--F0 (oligomycin-sensitive) mitochondrial ATPase complexes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been examined by the highly resolving technique of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis using a discontinuous buffer system. When isolated in the presence of protease inhibitors, F1 and F1--F0 contained five and twelve bands, respectively; this contrasts with the four- and ten-band patterns seen previously using the less resolving disc gel method. When isolated in the absence of protease inhibitors both F1 and F1--F0 contain spurious polypeptides produced by proteolytic modification. 2. Endogenous protein turnover in S. cerevisiae was impaired in the presence of protease inhibitors. F1--F0 isolated from cells grown in the presence and absence of inhibitors contained an identical polypeptide composition, suggesting that the subunits are not significantly modified by endogenous proteases prior to cell harvesting. 3. Yeast F1--F0 prepared in the presence of protease inhibitors contains a latent, sodium dodecyl sulphate-activated protease contaminant. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-induced proteolysis is largely confined to the 52 000 dalton alpha subunit which degrades into polypeptides of 40 000 and 10 700 daltons. The 40 000 dalton band is apparently equivalent to the polypeptide previously designated subunit 3. 4. Both F1 and F1--F0 were isolated from Torulopsis glabrata, a yeast with considerably shorter mitochondrial DNA than that in S. cerevisiae. F1--F0 catalysed high rates of ATP--32Pi exchange when reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles, thus demonstrating the presence of a complete coupling mechanism. F1--F0 contained approximately twelve subunits and F1 five, like the S. cerevisiae complexes. It therefore appears that the shorter mitochondrial DNA length does not produce a significantly simpler ATPase subunit structure.
...
PMID:The yeast mitochondrial ATPase complex. Subunit composition and evidence for a latent protease contaminant. 15 54

Inactive coupling factor ATPase (F1) was prepared from an uncoupled mutant (uncA401) of Escherichia coli. Reconstitution of ATPase activity was observed when alpha subunit from wild-type F1 was added to the dissociated inactive F1 and the mixture was dialyzed against buffer containing ATP and Mg2+. ATPase was also reconstituted when the mixture of alpha subunit (wild type) and crude extract from the mutant was dialyzed against the same buffer. These results indicate that the mutant is defective in alpha subunit, suggesting that the uncA401 locus carries the structural gene for alpha subunit, and that this polypeptide plays an essential role in ATPase activity in F1 molecule.
...
PMID:Coupling factor ATPase from Escherichia coli. An uncA mutant (uncA401) with defective alpha subunit. 15 4

Chronic electro-stimulation of fast-twitch rabbit muscle with the frequency pattern received by a slow-twitch muscle induces a progressive transformation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. After 2 days stimulation activities of Ca2+-dependent ATPase and of Ca2+ transport begin to decrease, and are paralleled by a progressive decrease in Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent phosphoprotein formation, reduced rate of dephosphorylation and a rearrangement of the electrophoretic polypeptide and phosphoprotein patterns. These findings suggest a transformation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum to resemble that of a slow-twitch muscle. This transformation is paralleled by increase in time-to-peak of twitch contraction and half relaxation time and occurs before conversion of the myosin light chain pattern is observed. The parallel time course of changes in contractile properties of stimulated muscle and the molecular and functional properties of the sarcoplasmic reticulum emphasizes the definitive role of the latter in determining the twitch characteristics of fast and slow twitch muscles.
...
PMID:Molecular transformations in sarcoplasmic reticulum of fast-twitch muscle by electro-stimulation. 15 4

Incubation of mitochondria from Neurospora crassa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the radioactive ATPase inhibitor [14C]dicyclohexylcarbodiimide results in the irreversible and rather specific labelling of a low-molecular-weight polypeptide. This dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding protein is identical with the smallest subunit (Mr 8000) of the mitochondrial ATPase complex, and it occurs as oligomer, probably as hexamer, in the enzyme protein. The dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding protein is extracted from whole mitochondria with neutral chloroform/methanol both in the free and in the inhibitor-modified form. In Neurospora and yeast, this extraction is highly selective and the protein is obtained in homogeneous form when the mitochondria have been prewashed with certain organic solvents. The bound dicyclohexylcarbodiimide label is enriched in the purified protein up to 50-fold compared to whole mitochondria. Based on the amino acid analysis, the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding protein from Neurospora and yeast consists of at least 81 and 76 residues, respectively. The content of hydrophobic residues is extremely high. Histidine and tryptophan are absent. The N-terminal amino acid is tyrosine in Neurospora and formylmethionine in yeast.
...
PMID:The dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding protein of the mitochondrial ATPase complex from Neurospora crassa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Identification and isolation. 15 5

1. The naturally occurring ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase)-inhibitor protein, from bovine heart mitochondria, was obtained as a single pure protein. It was not identical with any of the five subunits (alpha-epsilon) of the isolated ATPase, and appeared to be a single polypeptide chain. 2. The inhibitor combined with the ATPase in a 1:1 molar ratio, producing a completely inhibited ATPase molecule. The affinity of the ATPase for its inhibitor is high; the K(d) is of the order of 10(-8)m. 3. The enthalpy of the ATPase-inhibitor complex-formation is positive, the value of K(d) decreasing as the temperature is raised. This suggests that the forces involved are largely hydrophobic in nature. 4. Hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate promoted formation of the ATPase-inhibitor complex, although the equilibrium position was almost unaffected by the rate of hydrolysis. At low salt concentration, less than 200 turnovers of the ATPase suffice for the ATPase to combine with the inhibitor protein. At higher salt concentrations, a larger number of turnovers is required. It is suggested that the inhibitor binds to a form of the ATPase that is produced transiently during hydrolysis. 5. In the presence of 75mm-K(2)SO(4), the rates of association and dissociation are slow enough to allow their kinetics to be studied. Association is first-order in inhibitor concentration, but fractional order in ATPase concentration. Dissociation is first-order in ATPase-inhibitor complex concentration. The temperature coefficients of the ;on' and ;off' processes were also measured. 6. A simple kinetic model for the ATPase-inhibitor interaction is proposed that can be extended to take into account release of inhibitor protein under energized conditions on the membrane. 7. The isolated ATPase is inhibited by preincubation with Mg(2+), reversible by subsequent addition of EDTA, and by ADP, reversible by subsequent addition of ATP. These effects are not found on the membrane-bound ATPase. The mechanism of these effects is discussed.
...
PMID:A thermodynamic analysis of the interaction between the mitochondrial coupling adenosine triphosphatase and its naturally occurring inhibitor protein. 15 88

The dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-sensitive ATPase from spinach chloroplast has been isolated. On sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, seven different polypeptides were seen. Five of these polypeptides coincided with the CF1 subunits, a 7,500-dalton peptide was identified as the proteolipid which interacts with [14C]dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and there was a 15,500-dalton hydrophobic polypeptide with unknown function. In two-dimentional gels, two additional peptides were resolved, one 17,500 daltons (co-migrating in sodium dodecyl sulfate gels with subunit delta) and one 13,500 daltons (co-migrating with subunit epsilon). Reconstitution was obtained by freezing and thawing the complex with a crude mixture of phospholipids. After reconstitution the complex catalyzed 32P1-ATP exchange (rates of 200 to 400 nmoles x mg-1 x min-1) and ATP formation during acid-to-base transition. These reactions were inhibited by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and uncouplers. Uncouplers at low concentrations stimulated and at high concentrations inhibited the Mg2+-ATPase activity. ATP hydrolysis and 32P1-ATP exchange were catalyzed by the complex in the presence of either Mg2+ or Mn2+ but not with Ca2+ or Co2+. ATP and GTP were substrates for the exchange reaction but not ADP or CTP.
...
PMID:Purification and reconstitution of the N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-sensitive ATPase complex from spinach chloroplasts. 15 58

The calcium transport ATPase (M(r) 100,000) from sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes was synthesized in a cell-free translation system containing rough microsomes or detergent-treated bound polysomes from 14- to 16-day old chicken embryo muscles. Immunoprecipitates obtained from total translation mixtures treated with anti-ATPase antiserum contained 1.5% of the total radioactivity incorporated in vitro. A polypeptide with the electrophoretic mobility, isoelectric point, and [(35)S]methionine-labeled tryptic peptide pattern of the mature ATPase was a major component of these immunoprecipitates. By contrast, free polysomes from the same source, which were capable of high levels of in vitro protein synthesis, did not yield immunoprecipitable ATPase. ATPase synthesized in rough microsomes was not released by treatment with 10 mM EDTA in a high-salt medium (0.5 M KCl) which removes ribosomes and peripheral membrane proteins. Furthermore, labeled ATPase remained associated with the microsomes after these were treated with low concentrations of deoxycholate (0.1 mg/mg of protein in 0.3 ml) which release the luminal content of the vesicles. Only with higher deoxycholate concentrations (0.5 mg/mg of protein in 0.3 ml), which cause membrane dissolution, was the labeled ATPase found on the detergent extracts. These observations indicate that newly synthesized ATPase discharged from bound ribosomes is transferred directly to the sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes where it is incorporated as an integral membrane protein.
...
PMID:In vitro synthesis of the Ca2+ transport ATPase by ribosomes bound to sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. 15 18

The Mg2+- and Ca2+-stimulated ATPase (bacterial coupling factor) has been investigated in solution with different independent techniques. The molecular weight of the five-subunit enzyme was found to be 345,000 +/- 5,000 by means of light scattering, 350,000 by sedimentation equilibrium experiments, and 358,000 by means of small-angle x-ray scattering. The radius of gyration was found to be 41.9 A, the volume 7.39 x 10(5) A3, and the surface to volume ratio 5.5 x 10(-2) A-1 from small-angle x-ray scattering measurements of the enzyme in solution. The degree of hydration was found to be 0.62 ml of H2O/g of ATPase. The translational diffusion coefficient was determined to be 3.47 x 10(-7) cm2 s-1 by means of inelastic light scattering. The distribution of the scattered intensity near the origin appears to be bimodal, suggesting that the ATPase molecule is composed of spherical parts bound together by a flexible polypeptide chain. The largest dimension of the ATPase in solution is 120.0 A, determined from the pair distribution function.
...
PMID:Size and molecular parameters of adenosine triphosphatase from Escherichia coli. 15 80

Isolation of a microsomal fraction from human gastric mucosa followed by density gradient centrifugation yielded a vesicular membrane preparation free of mitochondrial markers, containing a K+-activated, ouabain-insensitive ATPase with an activity of 20.7 mumol P1 released/mg protein per h. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis showed that the human gastric membrane vesicles contained a major polypeptide of 110,000 daltons, which accounted for approximately or equal to 30% of the total protein stained and was phosphorylated by [gamma-32P]ATP and dephosphorylated in the presence of K+. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of vesicles with an average size of 0.13 micrometer in diameter. Addition of 0.65 microM ATP to this vesicular preparation resulted in the uptake of 17 nmol H+/mg protein which was dependent on the presence of K+. The gradient was dissipated by a combination of valinomycin and protonophore after consumption of the ATP. Incubation of fixed human fundic sections or human gastric biopsy with monospecific hog gastric membrane antibody followed by fluorescein-conjugated goat anti-rabbit gamma-globulin, showed fluorescent staining in the middle portion of the gastric glands. These data indicate that human stomach contains a H+ transport ATPase with characteristics similar to those established for lower species.
...
PMID:An acid transporting enzyme in human gastric mucosa. 15 36

The activation of the coupling factor-latent ATPase enzyme by tryptic proteolysis may resemble the activation of many proenzymes by limited proteolysis. The beta (53 000 dalton) subunit of solubilized coupling factor-latent ATPase from Mycobacterium phlei was selectively lost in some trypsin-treated samples. Since a concomitant loss of ATPase activity was not observed, the beta subunit may not be essential for ATPase catalytic activity. Treatment of solubilized coupling factor with chymotrypsin rapidly produced an A'-type (61 000 dalton) species from the native alpha (64 000 dalton) subunits with partial activation of the APTase enzyme. Secondary chymotryptic cleavage yielded an A"-type (58 000 dalton) species and a less-active enzyme. Storage of fresh coupling factor samples at -20degreeC in the presence of 4 mM MgCl2 with several freeze-thaw cycles resulted in loss of ATPase activity without apparent change in alpha subunit structure. Storage at 4 degrees C in the presence or absence of MgCl2 both decreased ATPase activity and generated A'-type alpha subunit species. Since presence was suspected. The peptide bonds first cleaved by trypsin, chymotrypsin, and the unknown protease are all apparantly located within the same small segment of alpha subunit polypeptide chain.
...
PMID:Limited proteolysis of coupling factor-latent ATPase from Mycobacterium phlei. Effects of different enzymes and modifying agents. 15 59


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>

---