Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.6.1.3 (ATPase)
65,361 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) plays essential roles in a number of cellular processes such as protein folding, assembly and translocation. Heat-shock protein 40 (Hsp40) transiently interacts with Hsp70 and facilitates Hsp70 functions in these processes within cells. Hsp40 recognizes and binds non-native polypeptide and delivers it to Hsp70. Hsp40 can then stimulate the ATPase activity of Hsp70 to refold the polypeptide. To investigate the molecular mechanism by which Hsp40 interacts with Hsp70 to transport the non-native polypeptide, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hsp40 Sis1 C-terminal peptide-binding fragment complexed with Hsp70 Ssa1 C-terminal lid domain has been produced and crystallized. The complex crystals diffract to 3.3 A and belong to the space group P4(1)2(1)2 or P4(3)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = 112.17, c = 171.31 A. Structure determination by the MAD method is under way.
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PMID:Cloning, expression, purification and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of yeast Hsp40 Sis1 complexed with Hsp70 Ssa1 C-terminal lid domain. 1132 Mar 26

Escherichia coli Hsp100 ClpB plays critical roles in multi-chaperone systems in cell physiology. After being activated by protein or peptide binding, ClpB disaggregates denatured polypeptides by employing ATP hydrolysis and allows other molecular chaperones such as Hsp70 DnaK and Hsp40 DnaJ to refold the non-native polypeptides. ClpB contains two nucleotide-binding domains with Walker A and B motifs within their primary sequences. Therefore, ClpB can be classified as a member of the large ATPase family known as ATPases associated with various cellular activities (AAAs). The mechanisms by which the ClpB acts as a molecular chaperone to disaggregate denatured polypeptides are unknown. To investigate how the nucleotide-binding domain participates in ClpB chaperone activity, we have cloned and crystallized ClpB nucleotide-binding domain 1 (NBD1). The ClpB NBD1 crystals diffract to 1.80 A using a synchrotron X-ray source and belong to the space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 38.41, b = 65.48, c = 79.13 A. Structure determination by the MAD method is under way.
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PMID:Cloning, expression, purification and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of Escherichia coli Hsp100 ClpB nucleotide-binding domain 1 (NBD1). 1137 26

The Fanconi anemia (FA) complementation group C gene product (FANCC) functions to protect hematopoietic cells from cytotoxicity induced by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Because apoptotic responses of mutant FA-C cells involve activation of interferon-inducible, dsRNA-dependent protein kinase PKR, we sought to identify FANCC-binding cofactors that may modulate PKR activation. We identified the molecular chaperone Hsp70 as an interacting partner of FANCC in lymphoblasts and HeLa cells using 'pull-down' and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. In vitro binding assays showed that the association of FANCC and Hsp70 involves the ATPase domain of Hsp70 and the central 320 residues of FANCC, and that both Hsp40 and ATP/ADP are required. In whole cells, Hsp70-FANCC binding and protection from IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity were blocked by alanine mutations located in a conserved motif within the Hsp70-interacting domain of FANCC. We therefore conclude that FANCC acts in concert with Hsp70 to prevent apoptosis in hematopoietic cells exposed to IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha.
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PMID:FANCC interacts with Hsp70 to protect hematopoietic cells from IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha-mediated cytotoxicity. 1150 Mar 75

Mammalian homologues of DnaJ proteins, also known as Hsp40 proteins, are co-chaperonins that complement Hsp70 chaperone function. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we cloned an apolipoprotein (apo) B mRNA editing complementation protein, called apobec-1-binding protein-2 (ABBP-2), and found that it is a Class II DnaJ homologue. ABBP-2 binds to apobec-1, the mammalian apoB mRNA editase, via its J domain and neighboring G/F domain. It is a ubiquitously expressed protein, and, by transfection analysis of GFP-ABBP-2, we found that the protein is located in both the nucleus and cytosol of transfected cells, with predominance in the nucleus. Down-regulation of ABBP-2 expression in cultured cells inhibits endogenous apobec-1-mediated apoB mRNA editing. Like other Hsp40 proteins, ABBP-2 binds to Hsp70 and has ATPase-stimulating activity. Apobec-1-mediated apoB mRNA editing activity of in vitro tissue extracts requires the presence of Hsp70/ABBP-2. Although exogenously added ATP is not required for editing activity, removal of the endogenous ATP present in these extracts, which disrupts ABBP-2-Hsp70 interaction, completely inhibits editing. ABBP-2 differs from previously described auxiliary proteins (ABBP-1, ACF, and GRY-RBP) in that it does not contain any RNA recognition motifs. Not only is ABBP-2 required for efficient apoB mRNA editing, this newly discovered apobec-1-binding protein may help determine the subcellular distribution and trafficking of apobec-1 via its interaction with the chaperonin Hsp70.
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PMID:A DnaJ protein, apobec-1-binding protein-2, modulates apolipoprotein B mRNA editing. 1158 23

Heat shock proteins participate in the initiation of DNA replication of different organisms by facilitating the assembly of initiation complexes. We have examined the effects of human heat shock proteins (Hsp40 and Hsp70) on the interaction of the herpes simplex virus type-1 initiator protein (UL9) with oriS, one of the viral origins of replication. Hsp40 and Hsp70 act substoichiometrically to increase the affinity of UL9 for oriS. The major contributor to this effect is Hsp40. Heat shock proteins also stimulate the ATPase activity of UL9 with oriS and increase opening of the origin. In contrast, heat shock proteins have no effect on the origin-independent activities of UL9 suggesting that their role is not merely in refolding denatured protein. These observations are consistent with a role for heat shock proteins in activating UL9 to efficiently initiate viral origin-dependent DNA replication. The action of heat shock proteins in this capacity is analogous to their role in activating the initiator proteins of other organisms.
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PMID:Activation of the herpes simplex virus type-1 origin-binding protein (UL9) by heat shock proteins. 1171 36

Escherichia coli Hsp100 ClpB plays critical roles in multi-chaperone systems in cell physiology. After the ATPase activity is stimulated by protein or peptide binding, ClpB disaggregates denatured polypeptides by employing ATP hydrolysis and allows other molecular chaperones such as Hsp70 DnaK and Hsp40 DnaJ to more efficiently refold the non-native polypeptides. The mechanisms by which the ClpB acts as a molecular chaperone to disaggregate non-native polypeptides are unknown. The N-terminal domain of ClpB has been proposed to interact with non-native polypeptides. To investigate whether the N-terminal domain participates in polypeptide recognition and binding or modulates the activity of ClpB, the ClpB N-terminal domain has been cloned, purified and crystallized. The ClpB N-terminal domain crystals diffract to 1.95 A using a synchrotron X-ray source and belong to the space group P1, with unit-cell parameters a = 50.2, b = 52.6, c = 56.8 A, alpha = 90.5, beta = 111.8, gamma = 107.1 degrees. Structure determination by the multiple anomalous dispersion (MAD) method is under way.
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PMID:Cloning, expression, purification and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of Escherichia coli Hsp100 ClpB N-terminal domain. 1171 22

Initiation of reverse transcription in hepadnaviruses (hepatitis B viruses) depends on the specific binding of an RNA signal (the packaging signal, epsilon) on the pregenomic RNA template by the viral reverse transcriptase (RT) and is primed by the RT itself (protein priming). We have previously shown that the RT-epsilon interaction and protein priming require the cellular heat shock protein, Hsp90. However, additional host factors required for these reactions remained to be identified. We now report that five cellular chaperone proteins, all known cofactors of Hsp90, were sufficient to reconstitute a duck hepatitis B virus RT active in epsilon binding and protein priming in vitro. Four proteins, Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp40, and Hop, were required for reconstitution of RT activity, and the fifth protein, p23, further enhanced the kinetics of reconstitution. RT activation by the chaperone proteins is a dynamic process dependent on ATP hydrolysis and the Hsp90 ATPase activity. Thus, our results have defined a minimal complement of host factors necessary and sufficient for RT activation. Furthermore, this defined in vitro reconstitution system has now paved the way for future biochemical and structural studies to elucidate the mechanisms of RT activation and chaperone functions.
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PMID:In vitro reconstitution of functional hepadnavirus reverse transcriptase with cellular chaperone proteins. 1173 92

Heat-shock protein 40 (Hsp40) enables Hsp70 to play critical roles in a number of cellular processes, such as protein folding, assembly, degradation and translocation in vivo. Hsp40 recognizes and binds non-native polypeptides and delivers them to Hsp70. Then Hsp40 stimulates the ATPase activity of Hsp70 to fold the polypeptides. By using yeast Hsp40 Sis1 and yeast Hsp70 Ssa1 as our model proteins, we found that the Sis1 peptide-binding fragment interacts directly with the full-length Ssa1 in vitro. Further studies showed that the C-terminal lid domain of Ssa1 could interact with Sis1 peptide-binding domain physically in vitro. The Sis1 peptide-binding fragment forms a stable complex with the Ssa1 C-terminal lid domain in solution. The interactions between these two proteins appear to be charge-charge interactions because high-ionic-strength buffer can dissociate the complex. Further mapping studies showed that the Sis1 peptide-binding fragment binds the extreme C-terminal 15 amino acid residues of Ssa1. A flexible glycine-rich region is followed by these 15 residues in the Ssa1 primary sequence. Atomic force microscopy of the Sis1-Ssa1 complex showed that only one end of the Ssa1 lid domain binds the Sis1 peptide-binding-fragment dimer at the upper level of the huge groove within the Sis1 dimer. Based on the data, we propose an "anchoring and docking" model to illustrate the mechanisms by which Hsp40 interacts with Hsp70 and delivers the non-native polypeptide to Hsp70.
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PMID:Direct interactions between molecular chaperones heat-shock protein (Hsp) 70 and Hsp40: yeast Hsp70 Ssa1 binds the extreme C-terminal region of yeast Hsp40 Sis1. 1174 79

An ischemia-induced gene was screened using a differential display technique in mouse transient forebrain ischemia. One of the ischemia-responsive clones was found to encode mouse hsp40. HSP40 has a critical regulatory function in the HSC70 ATPase activity. Expression of hsp40 mRNA was low in the nonischemic mouse hippocampus, but it was significantly upregulated 4 hr after ischemia by Northern blot analysis. In situ hybridization analysis revealed hsp40 mRNA induction in the neuron. HSP40 protein expression was also enhanced in the pyramidal and dentate granular neurons from 2 to 4 days after ischemia. The temporal expression and distribution profile of HSC70 protein was similar to that of HSP40, and both proteins were colocalized in ischemic hippocampal neurons. In the gerbil transient forebrain ischemia model, both HSP40 and HSC70 proteins were expressed strongly in ischemia-resistant CA3 neurons and dentate granule cells 1 day after 5 min ischemia, but were not expressed in vulnerable CA1 neurons. However, both proteins were in parallel expressed in the tolerance-acquired CA1 neurons. Based on the current observation that both HSP40 and HSC70 proteins were synergistically expressed in the ischemia-resistant and tolerance-acquired neurons, cochaperone HSP40 may play a significant role against postischemic neuronal response and lead to cell survival through interaction with simultaneously induced HSC70.
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PMID:Synergistic induction of HSP40 and HSC70 in the mouse hippocampal neurons after cerebral ischemia and ischemic tolerance in gerbil hippocampus. 1175 79

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone involved in the folding and assembly of a limited set of "client" proteins, many of which are involved in signal transduction pathways. In vivo, it is found in complex with additional proteins, including the chaperones Hsp70, Hsp40, Hip and Hop (Hsp-interacting and Hsp-organising proteins, respectively), as well as high molecular mass immunophilins, such as FKBP59, and the small acidic protein p23. The role of these proteins in Hsp90-mediated assembly processes is poorly understood. It is known that ATP binding and hydrolysis are essential for Hsp90 function in vivo and in vitro. Here we show, for the first time, that human Hsp90 has ATPase activity in vitro. The ATPase activity is characterised using a sensitive assay based on a chemically modified form of the phosphate-binding protein from Escherichia coli. Human Hsp90 is a very weak ATPase, its activity is significantly lower than that of the yeast homologue, and it has a half-life of ATP hydrolysis of eight minutes at 37 degrees C. Using a physiological substrate of Hsp90, the ligand-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor, we show that this "client" protein can stimulate the ATPase activity up to 200-fold. This effect is highly specific and unfolded or partially folded proteins, which are known to bind to Hsp90, do not affect the ATPase activity. In addition, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, which is related in both sequence and structure to the glucocorticoid receptor but which does not bind Hsp90, has no observable effect on the ATPase activity. We establish the effect of the co-chaperones Hop, FKBP59 and p23 on the basal ATPase activity as well as the client protein-stimulated ATPase activity of human Hsp90. In contrast with the yeast system, human Hop has little effect on the basal rate of ATP hydrolysis but significantly inhibits the client-protein stimulated rate. Similarly, FKBP59 has little effect on the basal rate but stimulates the client-protein stimulated rate further. In contrast, p23 inhibits both the basal and stimulated rates of ATP hydrolysis. Our results show that the ATPase activity of human Hsp90 is highly regulated by both client protein and co-chaperone binding. We suggest that the rate of ATP hydrolysis is critical to the mode of action of Hsp90, consistent with results that have shown that both over and under-active ATPase mutants of yeast Hsp90 have impaired function in vivo. We suggest that the tight regulation of the ATPase activity of Hsp90 is important and allows the client protein to remain bound to Hsp90 for sufficient time for activation to occur.
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PMID:Stimulation of the weak ATPase activity of human hsp90 by a client protein. 1181 47


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