Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.6.1.3 (ATPase)
 65,361 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Administration of beta- and gamma-isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) at 800 ppm dietary level for 2 weeks to albino rats produced noticeable hepatocellular damage as indicated by elevations in serum aminotransferases and decreases in hepatic soluble enzymes. Although serum total LDH activity was not altered, the LD5 isoenzyme was proportionately higher in the HCH isomers treated animals. Treatment of rats with beta- and gamma-isomers of HCH increased the hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and aldolase activities suggesting a higher rate of glucose oxidation. Liver glucose-6-phosphatase activity was decreased in these animals indicating inactivation of gluconeogenesis in liver. Dietary beta- and gamma-HCH decreased the liver mitochondrial DNP/Mg++/Ca++-activated ATPases thus affecting the energy metabolism. An unaltered ratio of DNP/Mg++-ATPase, a study of swelling pattern of hepatic mitochondria, and NAD+ permeability test suggested the maintenance of structural integrity of mitochondrial membrane in these pesticide fed animals. Liver microsomal Na+,K+-ATPases were lower in these animals.
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PMID:Biochemical changes produced by beta- and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane isomers in albino rats. 246 8

Specific fluorescent probes have been used to monitor changes in erythrocyte membranes in the first stages of the hemolytic process induced by irradiation with visible light in the presence of protoporphyrin IX. Although no change, or even a slight increase of fluorescence anisotropy, occurred with two probes having a preferential binding to membrane proteins, such as fluorescamine and 3-pyrene maleimide, the fluorescence anisotropy of two lipophilic probes, namely diphenyl-hexatriene and anilino-naphthalene sulfonate, underwent a substantial decrease upon irradiation. Concomitantly, a dramatic decrease of ATPase activity and an increase of thiobarbituric-reacting substances were observed in erythrocyte membranes. Instead, there was no effect on the activities of the intracellular enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that protoporphyrin-sensitized irradiation induces, primarily in the erythrocyte membrane, the peroxidation of the lipid component, which results in an increase of the fluidity of the bilayer. Hemolysis eventually occurs because of an osmotic imbalance resulting from the combination of increased passive diffusion and decreased active ion transport.
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PMID:Human erythrocyte damage at the initial stages of oxidative stress. 248 Jan 82

The effect of concurrent low protein (8% casein) diet and lead (Pb) exposure (1 mg/ml lead acetate in drinking water) on testes of weaned rats up to 90 days of age was investigated Histopathological examination of testes of lead treated rats maintained on low protein diet revealed marked pathological changes associated with greatly reduced succinic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and adenosine triphosphatase activity as revealed histochemically compared to lead treated rats fed normal protein diet. It was concluded that higher accumulation of lead may be responsible for altering the enzyme levels and inducing the testicular degeneration to a greater extent in low protein fed rats compared to their counterpart controls.
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PMID:Lead induced testicular changes in protein malnourished rats. 250 Mar 71

Low activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, alterations in metabolism of glutathione as well as activation of lipid peroxidation and increase in Na+, K+-ATPase activity were found in erythrocytes of newborns funic blood under conditions of chronic hypoxia and simultaneous effects of acute and chronic hypoxia. Acute hypoxia during labor caused increase in activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Na+, K+-ATPase as well as in the rate of lipid peroxidation. These alterations, observed in the enzymatic activity and in the rate of lipid peroxidation, which were detected in funic blood erythrocytes under conditions of hypoxia, may be responsible for some diseases during postnatal period of children ontogenesis.
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PMID:[Status of the antioxidant system of erythrocytes in newborn infants in acute and chronic hypoxia]. 254 43

Acylphosphatase activity and content were measured in erythrocytes from hyperthyroid patients and healthy controls. In addition, the soluble enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, hexokinase, and the membrane bound (Na+ + K+)-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase were assayed. Our results confirmed previous studies indicating a decrease of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase and an increase of Ca2+-ATPase activity in hyperthyroid erythrocytes. While glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was not significantly changed, hexokinase and acylphosphatase activities were significantly higher in the hyperthyroid group. Both activities and content of acylphosphatase returned to normal levels in erythrocytes from treated patients, when they were euthyroid. These findings suggest that an excess of thyroid hormones may stimulate acylphosphatase biosynthesis in erythroid cells and indicate a potential clinical usefulness of this enzyme in hyperthyroidism.
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PMID:Increased acylphosphatase levels in erythrocytes from hyperthyroid patients. 255 5

In a stop-experiment using the hepatocarcinogen N-nitrosomorpholine, as well as glycogenotic and related lesions, hepatocellular foci with a different histochemical pattern were identified. The outstanding features of these hepatic foci, which may progress to hepatocellular adenoma, were increased activities of mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (mG3PD), glycogen synthase, pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphatase detected by enzyme histochemistry. Since no decrease in activity of any of the enzymes examined were seen in these foci, compared with normal liver, the term enzymatically hyperactive focus (EHF) is proposed for this type of lesion. Only at the stage of overtly nodular growth did these lesions exhibit some of the characteristic changes seen in nodules developing from glycogenotic foci, namely elevated activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and glutathione-S-transferase P as well as decreased activities of adenosine-triphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase and adenylate cyclase. Some of these enzymes have been used widely in morphometric studies as markers for preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. The inability to detect early EHF may lead to an underestimation of preneoplastic liver lesions in quantitative studies. Although there are apparent differences in the histochemical patterns of glycogen storing foci and early EHF, these differences tend to disappear during progression to overtly neoplastic lesions. In studies comparing the phenotypic alterations in different types of preneoplastic hepatic lesions, the recognition of EHF may contribute to the distinction of obligatory from facultative phenomena during transformation.
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PMID:Unusual histochemical pattern in preneoplastic hepatic foci characterized by hyperactivity of several enzymes. 256 54

Frozen samples of membrane-bound pig kidney Na,K-ATPase were subjected to target size analysis by radiation inactivation with 10-MeV electrons at -15 degrees C. The various properties investigated decreased monoexponentially with radiation dose, and the decay constants, gamma, were independent of the presence of other proteins and of sucrose concentrations above 0.25 M. The temperature factor was the same as described by others. Irradiation of four proteins of known molecular mass, m, showed that gamma for protein integrity was proportional to m with a proportionality factor about 20% higher than that conventionally used. By this standard curve, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity used as internal standard gave a radiation inactivation size of 110 +/- 5 kDa, very close to m = 104-108 kDa for the dimer, as expected. For Na+/K+-transporting ATPase the following target sizes and radiation inactivation size values were very close to m = 112 kDa for the alpha-peptide: peptide integrity of alpha, 115 kDa; unmodified binding sites for ATP and vanadate, 108 kDa; K+-activated p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity, 106 kDa. There was thus no sign of dimerization of the alpha-peptide or involvement of the beta-peptide. In contrast, optimal Na+/K+-transporting ATPase activity had a radiation inactivation size = 189 +/- 7 kDa, and total nucleotide binding capacity corresponded to 72 +/- 3 kDa. These latter results will be extended and discussed in a forthcoming paper.
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PMID:Membrane-bound Na,K-ATPase: target size and radiation inactivation size of some of its enzymatic reactions. 284 22

Focal hepatocellular lesions, induced in our infant mouse system (15-day-old B6C3F1 mice) by a single carcinogenic dose of diethylnitrosamine (2.5 or 5.0 micrograms/g body weight), were characterized histochemically using toluidine blue, periodic acid-Schiff, glycogen phosphorylase, glycogen synthetase, glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, ATPase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and acid phosphatase. Animals were killed 5, 12, 18, and 24 weeks following diethylnitrosamine treatment. The first focal lesions were observed in mice killed at 12 weeks. All foci showed patchy cytoplasmic basophilia and a slight decrease in the glycogen content. The early foci (12 weeks) showed no change in the levels of glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthetase, a strong reduction of glucose-6-phosphatase, and a high increase in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. In addition, 56% of foci in males and 86% of foci in females showed a slight rise in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 12% of foci in males and 17% of foci in females had a lower acid phosphatase. The level of cytoplasmic ATPase was slightly decreased in 22% of foci. By 24 weeks, a decrease in the activity of cytoplasmic ATPase was observed in 84 and 100% of foci in males and females, respectively. The increase in the membrane ATPase was observed in 65% of foci in males and 7% of foci in females. By that time, the decrease in acid phosphatase was observed in 78% of foci in males and 37% of foci in females. The gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase failed to show any increase in its activity, indicating that this enzyme was not a "marker" of the hepatocellular lesions developing under the experimental conditions. Strong decrease in glucose-6-phosphatase in association with a manifest increase in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activities indicated a shift from gluconeogenesis to glycolysis. Since this metabolic shift occurred concurrently with an increase in the labeling indices and focal size, it appears that these changes act in concert, representing expression of the acquired functional and replicating potential of the focal cell population.
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PMID:Histochemical characterization of focal hepatic lesions induced by single diethylnitrosamine treatment in infant mice. 285 11

In rats treated orally with a single dose of aflatoxin B1 (5 mg/kg body weight) characteristic focal and nodular liver lesions developed which differed in their fine structure, enzyme histochemical pattern and growth behaviour from other types of carcinogen-induced hepatic foci and nodules described earlier. The foci were composed of a distinct cell population which showed specific structural changes of the cytoplasm. Typically, unusually large and abundant basophilic bodies consisting of highly ordered stacks of cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) were arranged in long, striped bands and stood out against an acidophilic background which was due to hypertrophy of the smooth ER. We propose the descriptive terms 'tigroid cells', and 'tigroid cell foci' for this population of altered hepatocytes. Correlative cytochemical investigations on the tigroid cell foci revealed characteristic changes in carbohydrate metabolism, such as a decrease in the activity of glycogen synthetase and glycogen phosphorylase and an increase in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The activity of glucose-6-phosphatase and ATPase was normal (or partially reduced) and that of the gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase was always lacking. A progressive increase in the number and size of the tigroid cell foci and transitions from tigroid cell foci to neoplastic nodules with similar morphological and cytochemical features were observed during the time period of 104 weeks. The mitotic index within tigroid cell foci and nodules was approximately 100 times higher than that of the surrounding hepatic tissue or the liver parenchyma of untreated control animals. The important question whether the tigroid cell foci represent a specific pre-neoplastic or early neoplastic cell population requires further investigations.
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PMID:Tigroid cell foci and neoplastic nodules in the liver of rats treated with a single dose of aflatoxin B1. 286 15

F344 Male rats weighting between 90 and 110 gm were given 90 ppm diethylnitrosamine in their drinking water for 5 weeks. Seven weeks after the administration of carcinogen was completed, the rats were sacrificed and sections of their livers were embedded in methacrylate. Serial sections 2 or 4 micron in thickness demonstrated the presence of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, DT diaphorase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 5'-nucleotidase activity and glycogen. The use of 4-micron sections of methacrylate-embedded tissue allows the evaluation of many more phenotypic markers in serial sections than is currently possible with frozen sections.
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PMID:Examination of enzyme-altered foci with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and other markers in methacrylate-embedded liver. 287 68


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