Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.6.1.3 (ATPase)
 65,361 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study was made of the role of prolactin (PRL) in the regulation of thyroid function in intact animals and in those exposed to stress (swimming was used as physical exercise). A single daily dose of 125 micrograms of PRL per 100 g of body mass was injected subcutaneously in 0.5 ml of saline solution during a week to male rats (control: intact rats; injection of 0.5 ml of saline solution subcutaneously). Redox enzymes; succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NAD.H2 and NADP.H2, ATPase and monoamine oxidase, total protein, RNA and glycogen in glandular cells were investigated histochemically 24 h after the last injection of PRL or saline, 30 min., 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 hours after swimming or right after complete fatigue (in the presence of experimental hyperprolactinemia). A conclusion has been made that one of the most important mechanisms of the adaptive effect of PRL is its ability to suppress thyroid function, thus decreasing the metabolism level, which results in reduction of oxygen consumption and improves body tolerance to stress.
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PMID:[Metabolism of thyroid gland cells as affected by prolactin and emotional-physical stress]. 178 Feb 95

A study is performed on the long-term effect of the chloracetanilide herbicide "Acetochlor" in doses 21.0; 10.6: 5.5 and 2.6 mg/kg-1 in conditions of 6-month oral application and 2-month rehabilitation period on the metabolite processes and the balance of the connective-tissue components in the myocardium and aorta of male white rats. A complex of biochemical and histological methods are performed (activity of succinate dehidrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, adenosin triphosphatase, cytochrome oxidase, fructoso-1,6-diphosphatase, level of the thiol groups, soluble globular, elastine, collagen fractions, insoluble collagen and elastine, general and sulphated glucosamino glycanes). The dose 21.0 mg/kg-1 leads to blocking of the thyol groups, inactivation of succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, adenosin triphosphatase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, activation of lactate dehydrogenase, decrease of the soluble globular, elastine, and collagen fractions and increase of the glucoseaminoglycanes in the heart muscle and aorta. The changes established in the heart muscle at 10,6 mg/kg-1 certify for stronger sensitivity of the organ of the aorta wall. The presence of single changes in the examined indices, their complete dying out after the rehabilitation period and absence of structural changes in the myocardium and aorta permit the dose of 5.5 mg/kg-1 to be accepted as not effective in the conditions of chronic experiment concerning the cardiovascular system.
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PMID:[The effect of the acetanilide herbicide Acetochlor on the cardiovascular system of white rats]. 179 94

In continuation of earlier studies on murine neoplastic liver lesions, we characterized by histochemical methods the phenotype of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas induced by single injections of diethylnitrosamine (1.25, 2.5, or 5.0 micrograms/g of body weight) in 15-day-old C57BL/6 x male C3H F1 mice. The hepatocellular adenomas were composed predominantly of basophilic cells but stored excessive amounts of fat and glycogen in large portions of the tumors. Irrespective of the carcinogenic dose, the adenomas showed a consistent histochemical pattern. Glycogen synthase and phosphorylase were highly active in the hepatocytes that stored glycogen. In cells poor in, or free of, this polysaccharide, these enzymes were only moderately active or even inactive. In glycogen-storing parts of the adenomas, the activity of adenylate cyclase was reduced compared with normal liver parenchyma, but in fat-storing portions it was elevated. In a few adenomas, uniform increase in adenylate cyclase activity could be encountered. The levels of ATPase, acid phosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphatase were either increased or decreased. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase showed an increased activity in all adenomas compared with preneoplastic foci, which in turn exhibited a higher glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity than the surrounding parenchyma or the liver of untreated controls. The hepatocellular carcinomas showed remarkable histochemical changes compared with adenomas. The levels of fat and glycogen and the activities of glycogen synthase, phosphorylase, and in most cases also that of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, were reduced significantly. In contrast, adenylate cyclase, glucose-6-phosphatase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and also alkaline phosphatase showed a striking elevation in developing carcinomas. Similar, although more pronounced, histochemical changes were seen in the advanced hepatocellular carcinomas. These observations indicated that progression from adenomas to hepatocellular carcinomas was associated with a change in the activity of several enzymes involved in cell membrane function, glycogen metabolism, the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, and glycolysis.
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PMID:Histochemical profile of mouse hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas induced by a single dose of diethylnitrosamine. 184 80

Haemonchus contortus, incubated in 10 micrograms/ml and 50 micrograms/ml concentrations of Nilzan and albendazole in Tyrode solution were stained for histoenzymatic demonstration of various phosphatases, oxido-reductases and esterases. The intestine showed major alterations after drug treatments. The alkaline phosphatases (AkPase), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), glucose-6-phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase showed a decreased activity in intestine after Nilzan treatment, whereas lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) and monoamine oxidase resisted increased reaction. The albendazole treatment resulted in altered distribution pattern of the AkPase, ATPase, SDH, and GDH; while LDH, G-6-PD, and non-specific esterases exhibited slightly enhanced activity in the epithelium. The functional significance of these changes has been fully discussed.
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PMID:Effect of Nilzan and albendazole on the absorptive surfaces of Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda)--a histoenzymic study. 196 79

The effect of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated preneoplastic liver lesions with expression of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTase) and loss of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) as well as alterations of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats have been investigated. Two treatment schedules have been compared with respect to their sensitivity by the histochemical demonstration of preneoplastic islands and by the biochemical determination of alterations in enzyme activities of liver homogenates and of serum, the last indicating hepatotoxicity. For initiation, a single dose of DEN was given, followed by treatment with various doses of DEHP given three times weekly by gavage for 7 or 11 consecutive weeks. As histochemical enzyme markers, the expression of positive GGTase as well as the deficiency in ATPase were used for identification of liver foci. The weanling female rats (protocol A) were found to be more sensitive to the carcinogenic effect of DEN in view of foci incidence than the mature male rats which underwent partial hepatectomy prior to DEN application. The administration of 200 mg DEHP/kg body wt increased the incidence of ATPase-deficient foci in both male and female rats; however, concentrations of 1000 and 2000 mg DEHP/kg decreased the incidence of liver foci. The number of foci with expression of GGTase was only slightly increased in female rats following a DEHP concentration of 50 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg body wt. DEHP alone did not induce preneoplastic lesions that could be identified by these two markers. Biochemical investigations indicate that DEHP alters the metabolic pattern in liver. An increase of the NADP-linked enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), malic enzyme, extra-mitochondrial ICDH as well as an enhancement of NAD-dependent alpha-G3PDH and lactate dehydrogenase were found following DEHP administration. On the other hand the glycolytic enzymes pyruvate kinase (PK) and enolase as well as the gluconeogenetic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) were significantly reduced. In protocol B (male rats) the reactions of PK, FBPase and malic enzyme were more altered after DEHP exposure than in protocol A, while the activity of G6PDH was more increased in protocol A. Most enzymes being involved in the carbohydrate metabolism are influenced by DEHP in a dose-dependent manner. There was no increase in serum FBPase activity in both male and female rats after DEHP treatment but a reduction of glutamate-oxalate-transaminase and glutamate-pyruvate-transaminase activities was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate alters carbohydrate enzyme activities and foci incidence in rat liver. 197 36

Chronic infection of woodchucks with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) was associated with the development of hepatitis, foci of altered hepatocytes and hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas. The cytomorphological and cytochemical analysis permitted the identification of three different types of focal lesions; namely, glycogen-storage foci, mixed-cell foci and intermediate-cell foci, each showing a characteristic pattern. The cells of the glycogen-storage foci had clear to acidophilic cytoplasm, and were overloaded with glycogen. They showed a marked elevation in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH), increased activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), reduction in the activity of glycogen phosphorylase (PHO), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and adenyl cyclase (ADC), and unchanged activity of glycogen synthase (SYN) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). The mixed-cell foci mainly consisted of basophilic cells poor in glycogen, but were intermingled with cells containing glycogen. These foci were characterized by a marked decrease in activity of PHO, SYN, G6Pase, G6PDH, ATPase and ADC, and increased activity of GGT, SDH, MDH and GAPDH. The intermediate-cell foci consisted of cells with both basophilic and glycogenotic cytoplasmic compartments, and showed a similar enzyme histochemical profile to the mixed-cell foci, with slight differences in the degree of elevation or reduction of some enzymes. The phenotypic similarities and the close spatial relationship between the foci of altered hepatocytes, and the hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in WHV-infected woodchucks, suggest that these lesions are preneoplastic. The focal morphological and metabolic aberrations emerging during hepatocarcinogenesis in WHV-infected woodchuck, are in principle similar to those identified in the course of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in various species. The focal metabolic aberrations apparently represent a general biological response of the liver parenchyma to oncogenic agents and are closely linked to neoplastic transformation of the hepatocytes.
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PMID:Phenotypic patterns of preneoplastic and neoplastic hepatic lesions in woodchucks infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus. 215 41

We studied the metabolism of the conduction system and the working myocardium in diabetic rat hearts by enzyme histochemistry. The experiment was performed three weeks following the administration of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) to male Wistar rats. The hearts were quickly excised and tissue was frozen immediately by immersion in isopentane at -30 degrees C and cut into 16 microns thick sections in a cryostat. The PAS positive reaction was increased in the conduction system compared to the working myocardium in control rats. In diabetic rat hearts, these reactions in the working myocardium and the conduction system were strongly increased compared to control hearts. Several enzyme activities, such as phosphofructokinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Na-K ATPase, were reduced in both the working myocardium and conduction system of diabetic rat hearts. These results suggest that the changes in metabolic condition also exist in the conduction system of the diabetic rat hearts as well as the working myocardium.
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PMID:Histochemical studies on the conduction system of diabetic rat hearts. 216 29

The effect of oral administration of endosulfan (12.5 mg/kg body weight), daily for 4 days was investigated on erythrocytes of female rats of 4 different age groups i.e. 15, 30, 70 and 365 days old. Erythrocyte membrane Na+, K(+)-ATPase and Mg2(+)-ATPase activities were significantly inhibited in all the age groups of rats. However, percent inhibition was maximum in the youngest animals. A significant decrease in the activity of erythrocyte glutathione reductase was observed in 30 and 70 days old rats whereas a significant increase in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) was observed in these groups. The increase in G-6-PD activity may be a physiological response to compensate for decrease in the reduced glutathione level which results from decrease in the activity of glutathione reductase.
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PMID:Age related toxic effects of endosulfan on certain enzymes of rat erythrocytes. 227 57

Adult Oryzias latipes were exposed to 50 mg of diethylnitrosamine per liter of water for 5 wk and then transferred to clean water for an additional 15 wk. Response of the liver during the first 6 wk were analyzed by enzyme histochemistry and by high-resolution light and transmission electron microscopy. After 1 wk, cytotoxicity was apparent at the light microscopic level by piecemeal necrosis and phagocytosis apoptosis by adjacent hepatocytes and resident macrophages. Spongiosis hepatis and inflammation, found as early as wk 3, were not widespread until wk 6. Glycogen depletion and multifocal increases in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were found as early as 3 wk. At 5 wk, macrophage infiltration and aggregation and hepatocyte lysosome proliferation were revealed by an increase in cells staining for acid phosphatase. In addition, a subpopulation of macrophages stained positively for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase during wk 6. Other histochemical biomarkers (Mg2(+)-ATPase, DT-diaphorase, uridine diphosphoglucuronyl dehydrogenase) were not altered. Mitotic figures were rare for the entire 6-wk period. At the ultrastructural level, necrotic alterations of some hepatocytes were seen within 24 h. Within 48 h, an apparent reduction of hepatocyte glycogen and cell volume characterized the majority of hepatocytes; this was accompanied by an increase in interhepatocytic space and the length and complexity of the hepatocyte microvillous projections found in the space of Disse. Lipid vacuolar inclusions inhabited space previously occupied by glycogen. Margins of hepatocyte nuclei were irregular, and mitochondria were condensed and their shape altered so that crescentric and elongated profiles were abundant. Lysosomes and residual bodies were increased after 1 wk. The cytoplasmic processes delineating spongiotic lesions were identified as originating from Ito cells. After 4 wk, apparent proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and retention of transport lipid within its cisternae were seen. The toxic depletion of hepatocytes and the attendant altered cellular environment are discussed in relation to cell-to-cell interactions and the possible contribution of stromal and extracellular matrix changes to liver regeneration and neoplasia.
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PMID:Cytotoxicity phase of diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic neoplasia in medaka. 238 55

Pancreatic duct fragments were isolated from rat and hamster pancreas and were cultured in an agarose matrix for up to 8 weeks (rat) or 20 weeks (hamster). The fragments consisted predominantly of duct epithelium, lesser numbers of stromal and atrophied acinar cells, and small numbers of islet cells. Hamster ducts averaged 3 micrograms protein per duct while rat ducts averaged 1 microgram, and the protein:DNA ratio of both types of ducts was less than that of whole pancreas. Estimated average duct yields of 6% (hamster) and 1% (rat) were based on the protein content of the ducts. Duct viability was shown by the incorporation of 3H-thymidine and 3H-leucine into bulk DNA and protein and by autoradiography. gamma-Glutamyl transferase and (Na + K)-ATPase specific activities were slightly elevated while amylase was depressed in the ducts when compared with whole pancreas in both species. gamma-Glutamyl transferase was localized histochemically in both duct epithelium and in surviving acinar tissue, as seen in vivo. Amylase was shown by immunohistochemistry to be present within duct lumina and in atrophied acini and their lumina. Alkaline phosphatase and Mg-ATPase specific activities were elevated in the hamster, but reduced in the rat, when compared with whole pancreas. Hamster alkaline phosphatase and Mg-ATPase were localized by histochemistry to the duct stroma, where these enzymes are not detected in vivo. Carbonic anhydrase was found in the duct epithelium of both species, as in vivo, as well as in the duct stroma, unlike in vivo. Acid glycosaminoglycans, as revealed by alcian blue staining, were found at the apical surfaces and in the lumina of both kinds of ducts. Glutathione-S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were elevated in rat ducts, but not in hamster ducts. The polypeptide compositions of cultured ducts, freshly isolated pancreatic islets, and whole pancreas were compared by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. No duct-specific polypeptides were observed; the ducts were characterized mainly by the reduction or absence of polypeptides, including some zymogens, seen in whole pancreas.
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PMID:Biochemical and histochemical characterization of cultured rat and hamster pancreatic ducts. 244 50


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