Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.6.1.3 (ATPase)
65,361 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The physiological and histochemical effects of PGF2alpha on isolated rabbit hearts were examined. The results showed a positive inotropic effect. The coronary flow increased. From the histochemical studies, adenosine triphosphatase (ATP-ase) and succinic dehydrogenase activities were increased while that of alkaline phosphatase was decreased. Glycogen granules were depleted. These findings were discussed on a histophysiological basis.
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PMID:Histophysiological studies of prostaglandin F2alpha on isolated organs. I. Effect of prostaglandin F2alpha on the heart. 13 64

A histochemical study has been made of the localization and changes of lipids, carbohydrates, ATPase and 5'-nucleotidase in fresh and fixed frozen sections of testicular and epididymal components in the normal and alpha-chlorohydrin-treated rats. After treatment with a single low dose of alpha-chlorohydrin, the phospholipids are decreased with corresponding increase in triglycerides in both the testis and epididymis. Glycogen, ATPase and 5'-nucleotidase are also decreased after treatment with alpha-chlorohydrin. The physiological significance of these histochemical changes has been discussed.
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PMID:Histochemical changes of the rat testis and epididymis after treatment of alpha-chlorohydrin-effects of a single low dose. 15 90

It is suggested that ABRM, smooth muscle of Mytilus edulis L. and Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk. (Mollusca Pelecypoda), is composed of one histochemical fibre type. The fibres are characterized by a low myofibrillar ATPase activity. Succinic and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidoreductase activities are distributed in a reverse pattern than that of the ATPase activity. Glycogen phosphorylase is richly represented in ABRM fibres and this detection is in opposition with the negative detection of alkaline phosphatase activity. These preliminary histochemical observations are similar to those found in some vertebrate smooth muscles. Mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate, 6-phosphogluconate, lactate and octopine dehydrogenases are not detected in muscle fibres whereas glio-interstitial tissues show weak but distinct reactivity. These last results especially characterize Mytilus catch fibres and are briefly discussed in relationship with previous physiological, biochemical and morphological observations.
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PMID:Histochemical characteristics of a tonic smooth muscle. 15 82

The experiment was carried out on rats, which were divided into three experimental and one control groups. The experimental animals were intraperitoneally injected with furfural in the dose of 58 mg/kg body weight for 30 days. In the liver samples obtained at autopsy, apart from routine staining with hematoxylin and eosin, estimation of the activity of the following enzymes was made: succinic dehydrogenase. NADH-tetrazol reductase, lactic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate, adenosine-triphosphatase, Ca-formol, glucose-6-phosphatase and acid phosphatase. Glycogen content was also evaluated. A temporary decrease in the activity of reactions for the enzymes of tissue respiration, an increase in the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase with a simultaneous decrease of glycogen content, activation of intracellular digestive processes, and inhibition of active transport through biological membranes were found in animals intoxicated with furfural.
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PMID:[Morphological and histochemical changes in the rat liver in chronic furfural poisoning]. 20 22

Muscle biopsy samples were obtained from healthy subjects in order to evaluate quantitative differences in single fibres of substrate (glycogen and triglyceride) and ion concentrations (Na+ and K+) as well as enzyme activity levels (succinate-dehydrogenase, SDH; phosphofructokinase, PFK; 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase, HAD; myosin ATPase) between human skeletal muscle fibre types. After freeze drying of the muscle specimen fragments of single fibres were dissected out and stained for myofibrillar-ATPase with preincubations at pH's of 10.3, 4.6, 4.35. Type I ("red") and II A,B, and C ("white") fibres could then be identified. Glycogen content was the same in different fibres, whereas triglyceride content was highest in Type I fibres (2-3 X Type II). No significant differences were observed for Na+ and K+ between fibre types. The activity for the enzymes studied were quite different in the fibre types (SDH and HAD, Type I is approximately 1.5 X Type II; PFK Type I is approximately 0.5 X Type II, Myosin ATPase Type I is approxiamtely 0.4 X Type II). The subgroups of Type II fibres were distinguished by differences in both SDH and PFK activities (SDH, Type II C is greater than A is greater than B; PFK, Type II B is greater than A is approximately C). It is concluded that contractile and metabolic characteristics of human skeletal fibres are very similar to many other species. One difference, however, appears to be than no Type II fibres have an oxidative potential higher than Type I fibres.
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PMID:Metabolic characteristics of fibre types in human skeletal muscle. 24 87

The structure and histochemistry of the palmar and plantar skin were studied in four adult male marmosets (two Callithrix jacchus and two Callithrix penicillata). In this skin there exist well-developed epidermal ridges, to which are attached one or two ducts of sweat glands. A thick stratum corneum can be seen in the epidermis, while a distinct stratum lucidum cannot be isolated from the other layers. The stratum granulosum is constituted by one or three layers of cells containing keratohyalin granules. Melanin granulations are mainly concentrated in the basal cells of the epidermal ridges. Dendritic melanocytes and amelanotic melanocytes containing alkaline phosphatase are found among the epidermal cells. Glycogen, UDPG-GT and phosphorylases are mainly present in the middle and lower Malpighian cells of the epidermal ridges. Alkaline phosphatase, ATPase, alanyl amino-peptidase and leucine aminopeptidase were absent in the epidermal cells. SDH, cytochrome oxidase, MAO and a certain number of NAD-dependent dehydrogenases (LDH, ADH, MDH, alpha-GPDH, beta-OHBDH and GDH) showed a stronger reactivity in the basal cells and Malpighian layer. The NADP-dependent enzymes (G-6-PDH, 6-PGDH, cis-aconistase and ICDH) were more reactive in the upper Malpighian layer and stratum granulosum. The stratum corneum showed some acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase reactivity. The collagenous fibers intertwined with a small number of very thin elastic ones and a larger amount of reticular fibers run almost parallel to the epidermal ridges in the papillary body. In the reticular dermis some fibers are disposed transversely to the epidermal ridges. Meissner corpuscles reactive to butyrylcholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase, nonspecific esterase and G-6-PA are disposed at regular intervals and frequently at each side of the epidermal ridges. Pacinian corpuscles were found only in the hypodermis. The eccrine sweat glands contain glycogen, UDPG-GT and phosphorylase in their secretory, ductal and myoepithelial cells. The secretory part shows a uniform reactivity for every dehydrogenase because it contains only one type of cells (clear cells). The intraepidermal segment of the ducts shows a stronger reactivity to nonspecific esterase and NADP-dependent dehydrogenases than the epithelial cells around it.
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PMID:The skin of the palms and soles of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). 82 86

With the use of myosin adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) and immunofluorescence staining methods, the adaptive responses of intrafusal and extrafusal fibers to endurance swimming were studied in frozen sections of rat soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. Glycogen depletion confirmed muscle fatigue at the end of a standardized bout of exercise. No significant age-dependent changes in myosin isoforms were detected in any fibers. The 12-wk training increased type I fibers by 10.9% in the SOL and type IIa fibers in the EDL by 16.6%. In trained muscle sections, both staining methods identified a permuted chain fiber, expressed the same as the myosin isoform in the bag2 fiber. However, no exercise-induced change of myosin isoform profile was found in the bag1 and bag2 fibers. Myosin ATPase (and immunofluorescence) staining showed the percentage of permuted chain fibers increased from 0 to 6.7% (5.6%) after 6 wk of training and to 19.2% (14.1%) after 12 wk of training and that it was still at 6.1% (4.2%) 10 wks after training. A novel myosin isoform may thus be expressed in nuclear chain fibers by repetitive recruitment of muscle spindles.
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PMID:Novel myosin isoform in nuclear chain fibers of rat muscle spindles produced in response to endurance swimming. 128 26

Enzyme-histochemical studies were conducted on livers of mice chronically fed griseofulvin (GF) in order to produce Mallory bodies (MBs) in hepatocytes. The development of MBs is associated with derangement of the immunohistochemically detectable intermediate filament (IF) cytoskeleton of the cytokeratin (CK) type, although no strict correlation between appearance or involution of MBs and the cytoskeletal alterations exists. Since the function of the IF cytoskeleton and the relationship of its disturbance to cell injury is unknown, the aim of the present study was to correlate the activities of several key enzymes of cellular metabolic pathways with the disturbance of the cytoskeleton architecture. For that purpose enzyme-histochemistry in combination with immunohistochemical CK-IF stainings were performed on identical sections. In GF-intoxicated mouse livers the normal topography of enzyme activities was disturbed, but no strict colocalization of enzymatic and cytoskeletal changes was found. Glucose-6-phosphatase, a microsomal enzyme involved in glucose output and gluconeogenesis, showed elevated activity in MB-free hepatocytes with diminished immunostainable CK-IF cytoskeleton refuting the concept of a disability of those cells to export glucose. It could indeed indicate that those cells without MBs are in the state of recovery. However, these cells could also resemble "hyperactive foci". Glycogen was decreased in MB-containing hepatocytes with disturbed cytoskeleton, and this feature favours the assumption of cell degeneration. On the other hand, the mitochondrial marker enzymes, i.e. succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome-c-oxidase and 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, remained unchanged in altered hepatocytes. Alkaline phosphatase activity at the canalicular pole of GF-intoxicated hepatocytes was elevated, indicating cholestatic features associated with this disorder. However, since altered hepatocytes did not show impairment of oxido-reductase activities, a severe impairment of bile secretion as a consequence of cell damage is unlikely. Unchanged or even increased ATPase activity of altered hepatocytes also indicated their sustained metabolic abilities. The results presented provide indirect evidence that hepatocytes with disturbed IF cytoskeleton do not significantly differ from normal cells with respect to oxidative metabolism, fatty acid synthesis and gluconeogenesis. This suggests that alterations of the IF cytoskeleton associated with GF intoxication and MB formation have no significant adverse influence on the metabolic functions of liver cells, as far as can be assessed by evaluation by enzyme-histochemical staining of several key enzymes.
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PMID:Enzyme-histochemical studies of griseofulvin-intoxicated mouse livers. 165 25

1. The effects of prolonged exercise on energy metabolism in type I and type II muscle fibres in the vastus lateralis muscle were investigated in six male subjects (20.0 +/- 0.5 years, mean +/- S.E.M.) who performed one-legged cycling at 61% of maximum O2 consumption (VO2,max; determined with one leg) until fatigue or for a maximum of 2 h. 2. Analysis of pools of freeze-dried fibres obtained by needle biopsy and separated into specific types by the myofibrillar ATPase histochemical procedure indicated higher (P less than 0.05) lactate concentrations in type II fibres compared to type I fibres at 15 min (43.9 +/- 9.7 and 51.2 +/- 9.8 mmol (kg dry wt)-1) and at 60 min (18.2 +/- 4.7 and 25.9 +/- 6.5 mmol (kg dry wt)-1). No differences existed in lactate concentration between fibre types for pre-exercise (10.0 +/- 1.6 and 13.3 +/- 2.8 mmol (kg dry wt)-1) or post-exercise. 3. Glycogen degradation was most pronounced in type I fibres. By the end of exercise, glycogen concentration was 82.4 +/- 45 mmol glucosyl units (kg dry wt)-1 in type I fibres and 175 +/- 62 mmol glucosyl units (kg dry wt)-1 in type II fibres. 4. No significant changes in ATP and creatine phosphate (CrP) were found in either fibre type with exercise. 5. It is concluded that, at least for lactate and glycogen, fibre-specific differences are evident in prolonged submaximal exercise. The cause of the difference probably relates both to the unique energy metabolic characteristics of each fibre type and to the manner in which they are utilized during the exercise. 6. The failure to find a reduction in ATP concentration in either fibre type during prolonged exercise in the face of a progressive increase in the number of fibres showing little or no glycogen concentration suggests that protective mechanisms exist that prevent an energy crisis. The nature of these protective mechanisms remains to be elucidated.
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PMID:Energy metabolism in human slow and fast twitch fibres during prolonged cycle exercise. 189 Jun 34

Eighty male rats were grouped into 8 groups of 10 animals each. Animals in groups I-IV were given gossypol (40 mg/kg/day) for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days respectively. Animals of groups V-VIII served as respective controls for groups I-IV. Marked changes in the activities of ATPase and SDH were observed following drug treatment. Decrease in the activity of testis LDH was evident even after 7 days of drug treatment. Activities of B-galactosidase, Glucose-6-phosphatase and Fructose-1-6-diphosphatase were not affected by gossypol treatment. Glycogen contents in testis were not different from those of the controls. A significant decrease in the tubular diameter and germinal height of the seminiferous tubules was observed after 21 days of drug treatment. Quantitative analysis of spermatogenic elements revealed marked decrease in the ratios of resting spermatocyte. A type spermatogonia, pachytene spermatocyte/resting spermatocyte, and stage 19 spermatids/stage 7 spermatids after 7 days of drug treatment. A progressive decrease in the ratios of these cell types was observed as the duration of the drug treatment was extended. Liver enzymes (except SDH and LDH after 28 days of drug treatment) were not affected by gossypol treatment. Our data strongly suggest that degenerative changes in the testis start after one week of drug administration. The histological changes visible at light microscopy level start appearing after 14 days of drug treatment.
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PMID:Early events in rat testis after gossypol administration. 215 Jan 45


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