Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.6.1.3 (ATPase)
65,361 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Omeprazole, a benzimidazole compound which inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in the gut, is used in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Clinical and experimental use of omeprazole has been associated with inhibition of the cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of a few drugs both in vivo in man and in vitro in animals. In these experiments, in vivo administration of omeprazole to rats failed to inhibit the cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of four prototypic drugs, testosterone or estradiol.
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PMID:Omeprazole and cytochrome P450-dependent hepatic metabolism: a comparison of endogenous and exogenous substrates in male rats. 194 96

We have investigated the effects of melatonin (Mel) and N-acetylserotonin (NAc-5HT) on the mitotic activity of gastric and colonic mucosa in adult male rats under basal conditions and after an administration of omeprazole (OM) (H+,K(+)-ATPase inhibitor). The metaphase-arrest technique was applied in the study. Additionally, serum gastrin levels were measured by RIA method in the OM-treated group and in respective polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-administered controls. We have found that: 1) OM-treatment increased serum gastrin levels in rats; 2) OM enhanced the mitotic activity of the colonic mucosa cells, although, unexpectedly, it did not exert such an effect on the gastric mucosa cells; 3) Mel suppressed the OM-induced increase of the colonic epithelium cell proliferation, while NAc-5HT failed to reveal that action: 4) NAc-5HT decreased the proliferation of gastric mucosa epithelial cells. The value of the mean mitotic activity rate (MMAR) of gastric mucosa after Mel-treatment also decreased, but that change was not statistically significant. The obtained data are in compliance with previous results from our laboratory concerning the inhibitory effect of pineal indoleamines on the jejunal epithelium mitotic activity. The stimulatory effect of OM on the proliferation of colonic epithelium is probably mediated by OM-induced hypergastrinaemia. The possibility of Mel interaction with intestinal gastrin receptors (a structural similarity occurs between Mel and benzotript, a specific gastrin receptor antagonist), as well as of the opposite effects of Mel and gastrin on intracellular cAMP content in the gut, are considered in the discussion of results.
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PMID:Influence of pineal indoleamines on the mitotic activity of gastric and colonic mucosa epithelial cells in the rat: interaction with omeprazole. 205 33

A method is described for the demonstration of ATPase, Cholinesterase and acid phosphatase activity in thin sections of mosquito larvae fixed in 1:9 v/v mixture of acetone and 10% neutral buffered formalin and embedded in hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). ATPase activity, observed as a black brown precipitate, was found in the brush border of gastric caeca and microvilli of columnar epithelial cells of the hind gut and Malpighian tubules. Some basal cell membrane activity could also be seen. Cholinesterase activity was found in thoracic and abdominal ganglia. The reaction product had a fine particulate appearance and predominated in the axonal processes. Azo dye reaction product indicative of acid phosphatase activity was found in the epithelial cells of the midgut and gastric caeca. Lysosomal and extra-lysosomal activity was observed, the larger secondary lysosomal sources predominating in the perinuclear region. The fixation regime and embedding procedure outlined has enabled a sub-cellular localization of enzymatic activities which is superior to that obtainable with conventional procedures.
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PMID:The histochemical localization of ATPase, cholinesterase and acid phosphatase activity in Culex pipiens (Diptera, Culicidae) larvae using a methacrylate embedding technique. 214 83

Both a Cl(+)-stimulated adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity and an ATP-dependent Cl- transport process were found in Aplysia foregut absorptive cell plasma membranes. In an attempt to further characterize this transport process, plasma membrane vesicles from Aplysia foregut absorptive cells were prepared utilizing differential centrifugation and sucrose density-gradient techniques. Sulfhydryl ligand participation in ATP-dependent Cl- transport was confirmed in three ways. First, 1,4-dithiothreitol partially restored a p-chloromercurobenzene sulfonate (PCMBS)-inhibited ATP-dependent Cl- transport. Second, 1,4-dithiothreitol restored intravesicular negativity inhibited by PCMBS. Third, 1,4-dithiothreitol had no effect on either ATP-dependent Cl- transport or ATP-dependent intravesicular negativity inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that surface sulfhydryl groups participate in the functioning of the active electrogenic Cl- transport mechanism in Aplysia gut.
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PMID:p-Chloromercurobenzene sulfonate inhibition of active Cl- transport in plasma membrane vesicles from Aplysia gut. 217 68

In vitro rates of O2 consumption were investigated using excised biopsies from the liver, ileum, magnum, and latissimus dorsi muscle of Hubbard (H) broiler-breeder hens fed four levels of ME intake. Diet had no effect on O2 consumption of any tissue. The overall mean initial O2 consumption (microL of O2 per mg of dry weight per h) for latissimus dorsi, liver, ileum, and magnum tissues were 4.38, 13.33, 10.54, and 8.01, respectively. The Na+ and K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase-dependent respiration (ouabain-sensitive respiration) was 16% of the initial rate for latissimus dorsi, liver, and magnum tissues and 22% for ileum tissues. Fasting heat production of H and Arbor Acre (AA) meat-type hens measured over 3 days following an initial 24-h fast was 219 and 216 kilojoules (kJ) per kg per day (1 kJ = .239 kcal). There were no strain differences in the partitioning of O2 consumption into tissue components of fasted H and AA hens. Fasting metabolism accounted for 75% of the maintenance energy requirement in the hens. The liver, gut, and reproductive tract, which together make up 5 to 6% of BW, account for 26 and 30% of the total energy expenditure in fed and fasted hens, respectively.
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PMID:Energy metabolism of broiler breeder hens. 2. Contribution of tissues to total heat production in fed and fasted hens. 223 48

Several studies pointed out an altered stool pattern as the most common side effect of auranofin therapy. The major mechanism in the aetiology of auranofin-induced impairment in bowel habit seems to be the inhibition of Na+/K+ ATPase in the gut. In vitro experiments proved that auranofin can affect active bile acid (BA) reabsorption in rat terminal ileum; this action, due to the ability of the drug to reduce Na+ pump activity by inhibiting Na+/K+ ATPase, may make a significant contribution to the auranofin-induced diarrhoea. The ability of auranofin to reduce the Na+ gradient necessary for active BA reabsorption, however, could cause a decrease of serum BA levels in patients taking auranofin before or without the development of an overt diarrhoea. We measured fasting and postprandial serum conjugated BA levels in 10 female rheumatoid arthritis patients before and after one month and two months' auranofin treatment. No patient developed diarrhoea during the chrysotherapy. When oral gold salt therapy was started, we observed a slight decrease in serum BA levels, but difference was not statistically significant. We can conclude that auranofin therapy does not cause BA malabsorption in patients who do not develop diarrhoea during the treatment.
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PMID:Effect of oral gold salt therapy on bile acid absorption in rheumatoid arthritis patients. 233 51

To assess the influence of immaturity on the responsiveness of enterocytes to specific pathogens, a dose-response curve for cholera toxin (CT)-induced fluid secretion was determined in the proximal small intestine of rats at 2 and 4 wk of age. The suckling rat was approximately 50 times more sensitive to CT in triggering the secretory response than the weaned rat, when estimated by the medium-effective dose (ED50, 0.8 vs. 38.9 nM). Cortisone, known to promote enterocyte maturation, when injected into suckling rats, decreased host sensitivity approximately 1,000 times. Neither age nor cortisone decreased the receptor binding of 125I-labeled CT to intestinal microvillus membranes. In contrast, cortisone treatment caused a threefold increase in receptor density from 14.5 to 43.0 pmol/mg protein. The enzyme responsible for the sodium pump, Na+-K+-ATPase, showed a threefold increase in activity both after weaning and after a cortisone treatment. These data indicate that the immature gut exhibited an increased host sensitivity to CT stimulation that was not correlated with initial receptor binding but was related to a lowered Na+-K+-ATPase activity, suggesting that an underdeveloped sodium pump may be partially responsible for the high incidence of secretory diarrhea in neonates.
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PMID:Age and cortisone alter host responsiveness to cholera toxin in the developing gut. 253 37

Two experiments were carried out in which rats were offered diets containing different amounts and types of dietary fibre, i.e. commercial stock diet and three semi-purified diets containing no fibre, 200 g wheat bran or 200 g pectin/kg. Dietary inclusion of fibre, and especially pectin, stimulated large bowel fermentation, as indicated by caecal hypertrophy and reduced caecal pH. After 3 weeks, mucosal:serosal zinc transfer and Zn accumulation by tissue were measured using the everted-gut-sac technique. In Expt 2, incubations were carried out in the presence and absence of 0.25 mM-ouabain to assess the importance of transfer by Na+,K+-ATPase-dependent mechanisms, and some observations on glucose transport were also made. Ouabain reduced rates of transfer of both Zn and glucose and also tissue Zn accumulation. There were no significant differences in rates of Zn transfer by everted sacs from duodenal, ileal and colonic sites, but accumulation of Zn by tissue was a more important fate than transfer across the serosal surface, and accumulation by duodenal tissue was approximately twice as great as by other tissues. Mucosal:serosal transfer of glucose by ileal tissue was much more sensitive to ouabain than was Zn transfer. Previous diet appeared to alter the capacity of the intestinal tissue to transfer Zn, with the highest rates of transfer being by colonic tissue from pectin-fed rats.
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PMID:Intestinal zinc transfer by everted gut sacs from rats given diets containing different amounts and types of dietary fibre. 255 62

Protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae prepared by snail-gut juice treatment were compared in their transport properties with intact cells. 1. Constitutive monosaccharide transport (D-xylose, 6-deoxy-D-glucose), as well as inducible transport of D-galactose, were unaltered. 2. Phosphorylation-associated transport of 2-deoxy-D-glucose was enhanced in protoplasts, possibly as a consequence of removal of the unstirred layer of the cell wall. 3. Proton-driven transports of trehalose, L-leucine, L-proline and monophosphate could not be activated by preincubation with D-glucose, apparently owing to lack of proton-solute coupling in transport. Utilization of glucose was not depressed but respiration was reduced by about 50% while acidification of the external medium after glucose addition was inhibited by more than 90%. This may be related to the inability of protoplast plasma membrane H-ATPase to be activated by glucose and hence to impaired proton-translocating capacity. Uranyl ions inhibited generally much less in protoplasts than in intact cells although their binding to protoplasts was greater (maximum 0.68 fmol per cell but 3.2 fmol per protoplast).
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PMID:Absence of glucose-stimulated transport in yeast protoplasts. 286 54

Bone marrow-derived leukocytes of murine epidermis can express two phenotypes: typical Langerhans cells, which are Ia+ and Thy-1-, and a recently discovered second population that is Thy-1+ and Ia-. To verify that these phenotypes are expressed by two different cell types, and to help understand their lineage and function, we have studied morphology and reactivity with a large panel of antibodies. Dual antibody immunofluorescence combined with electron microscopy showed that Thy-1+ and Ia+ cells were each distributed in a regular fashion and formed adjacent dendritic systems in or close to the basal layer. Double-labeling studies with anti-Ia and a second monoclonal antibody revealed that all Langerhans cells expressed F4/80 (macrophage), Mac-1 (C3bi receptor), and 2.4G2 (Fc receptor), as well as the thymus leukemia (TL) and heat-stable (M1.69/16) antigens. A large fraction expressed S100 and all exhibited membrane ATPase and nonspecific esterase. In contrast, Thy-1+ cells lacked all these features of Langerhans cells, except that a minority were strongly reactive with 2.4G2. Thy-1+ cells also lacked differentiation antigens of most other types of leukocytes, except they were rich in asialo GM1. By electron microscopy, Thy-1+ cells had cytoplasmic granules that were similar in structure and in their aryl sulfatase content to those previously described in natural killer cells. The granules were enlarged in beige mice, suggesting a lysosomal origin, and were present in mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice, indicating no relation to mast cells. We conclude that Thy-1+ epidermal cells are thoroughly distinct from Langerhans cells. On the basis of morphology and phenotype, they may represent a type of tissue natural killer cell. Thy-1+ natural killer cells are now being identified in several nonlymphoid sites, such as gut epithelium and the livers of mice given adjuvants. If Thy-1+ epidermal cells prove to be natural killer cells, it is noteworthy that they represent a resident population regularly distributed in the basal layer of all mouse strains. The notion that Thy-1+ epidermal cells are immature natural killer cells is intriguing in light of recent evidence that Ia+ Langerhans cells are also immature with respect to accessory cell function. The epidermis may not have the functional capacities of a lymphoid organ, but it could contribute immature cells important for both natural and acquired resistance.
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PMID:The Thy-1-bearing cell of murine epidermis. A distinctive leukocyte perhaps related to natural killer cells. 286 Dec 45


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