Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.6.1.3 (ATPase)
65,361 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

High concentrations of sulfolipids (four fractions having different hexose/sulfate ratio), intense enzyme activity (ATPase, oxoreductases) and evidence of mucines (staining with PAS and Alcian blue) in intercellular spaces were found in the lachrymal glands of Caretta caretta and Malaclemys terrapin adapted to sea water. In addition, the supranuclear region of the gland cells in Malaclemys terrapin is filled with mucin granules. These biochemical and histochemical observations indicate that these glands have a function in salt secretion in both species and are also consistent with a function of mucous secretion exclusively in Malaclemys terrapin. Limited signs of hypotrophy are not accompanied by changes in concentrations of sulfolipids in Malaclemys terrapin adapted to fresh water; only the reactions for enzyme activities are less intense. The mucous secretion is not affected, whereas, in correlation with changes in salt secretion, the change in ATPase activity is mot conspicuous. The correlations between the different components of the gland and salt secretion are compared with salt glands of birds and elasmobranchs.
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PMID:The sulfatides and some histochemical correlations of the lachrymal glands involved in salt secretion in Chelonia. 13 Nov 77

A permanent cell line (HLC-1) was established from the pleural effusion of a human lung adenocarcinoma. The cell line was characterized by the monolayered and multilayered organoid growth of epithelioid cells with the doubleing time of about 33 hr and the modal chromosome number of 68. Cloning efficiency was 17.9% in liquid medium and 8.3% in soft agar. The cell produced a large amount of epithelial mucin. Electron microscopic examination revealed many secretory granules and terminal bars. They formed spherical aggregates in a gyratory culture which showed adenocarcinoma-like tubular structures histologically. Enzyme-histolochemically, they showed the characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma cells except for a few enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphatase and ATPase. Heterotransplantation of the cells produced the tumor. These characteristics confirm that HLC-1 cell line is a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line.
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PMID:Establishment and characteristics of a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line. 14 93

The histochemical reaction for adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) has previously been used to differentiate myoepithelial from epithelial cells in the breast and to investigate the possible contribution of myoepithelial cells to mammary carcinoma. Discrepancies in published reports prompted this study of ATPase in non-neoplastic breast and infiltrating ductal carcinoma. ATPase was localized mainly on myoepithelial cells of normal breast and was identified with significant frequency on epithelial cells in hyperplastic ducts. Infiltrating ductal carcinomas usually displayed a variable reactivity. In one instance, malignant cells demonstrating mucin production were found to be ATPase-positive. An infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the papillary type with apocrine features was also strongly ATPase-reactive. It is concluded that ATPase is not an exclusive marker of myoepithelial cells and, therefore, data resulting from the use of this enzyme to study the role of the myoepithelium in mammary carcinoma must be interpreted with caution.
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PMID:Distribution of adenosine triphosphatase in infiltrating ductal carcinoma and non-neoplastic breast. 18 14

Aqueous two-phase partition and preparative free-flow electrophoresis were used in series to isolate the plasma membranes of amphibian epidermis. Fractions obtained by two-phase partition were 40-fold enriched in a K+-stimulated, ouabain-inhibited, p-nitrophenylphosphatase relative to the total homogenate and based on morphology were representative isolates of all epidermal cells together. Small mucosal granules and mucin aggregates were the primary contaminants. Based on activities of marker enzymes, contents of mitochondria, Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum were low (0.15 that of total homogenate) or absent. When plasma membranes isolated by aqueous two-phase partition were subjected to preparative free-flow electrophoresis, they were distributed toward the anode in a series of fractions of increasing net negative charge, sialic acid content and specific activity of the K+-stimulated, ouabain-inhibited, p-nitrophenylphosphatase reminiscent of the activity gradient from base to apex for frog epidermis observed from cytochemical investigations. The most electronegative fractions nearest the anode and to the left of the main protein peak were enriched in both sulfate groups and thick membranes of the stratum corneum. A fraction migrating less toward the anode and to the right of the main protein peak contained hemidesmosomes together with the lowest enrichments of sialic acid, sulfate and the phosphatase. The results suggest that the plasma membranes isolated from mixed cell populations, such as those encountered in epidermal homogenates, may be resolved by free-flow electrophoresis according to cell type of origin following activity gradients present in the original tissue. Additionally, the findings provide independent biochemical confirmation of a base-to-apex gradient of transport (ATPase) activity associated with the plasma membranes of cells of the different strata of the amphibian epidermis.
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PMID:Isolation of plasma membrane from amphibian epidermis: evidence for a basal-to-apical charge and activity gradient. 282 67

Trophozoites of the parasitic amoeba Entamoeba histolytica HM-1:IMSS possess a surface neuraminidase capable of liberating N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) from N-acetylneuramin-lactose (alpha 2----3 or alpha 2----6) or mucin in their medium. The neuraminidase was found to be membrane associated, with more than 50% of the yield being recovered in the plasma membrane fraction. The neuraminidase specific activity of the plasma membrane fraction was six times that of internal membrane fraction enzyme. The optimum pH and temperature for this enzyme were 6.7 and 37 degrees C, respectively. Neuraminidase activity was inhibited by ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, and the optimum Ca2+ concentration was 2 mM. The microfilament disruptor cytochalasin D (30 micrograms/ml) inhibited motility and neuraminidase activity of intact Entamoeba trophozoites. The cytochalasin D-induced loss of surface neuraminidase activity was explained in part by a redistribution of enzyme with a loss of plasma membrane enzyme and an increase in intracellular membrane enzyme. A qualitatively similar cytochalasin D effect was observed with two other membrane-associated enzymes, calcium-regulated ATPase and acid phosphatase. Membrane-associated enzyme was minimally affected by Triton X-100 and saponin. An N-acetylneuraminic acid aldolase, optimum pH, 7.4, was found in trophozoite homogenate supernatant fractions. NANA and NANA-containing compounds stimulated trophozoite-directed motility. This motility stimulation by NANA-containing compounds did not apparently require prior release of free NANA by the trophozoite surface neuraminidase. Entamoeba neuraminidase is one of a series of enzymes that may modify the mucus blanket and target cell surface and thereby play a role in the pathogenesis of amebiasis.
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PMID:A membrane-associated neuraminidase in Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. 287 86

This study was designed to investigate differentiation of human pancreatic duct carcinoma cells (Capan-1) in vitro. Observations on live cells, and electron microscopic examination, together with enzymological and immunocytochemical methods, have demonstrated that these cells differentiate spontaneously at an early stage. The cells are seen to be joined by apical junctions. High ATPase activity can be detected in the basolateral membranes, and the cells secrete a gastric type mucin (MI) bearing acidic groups. During differentiation in culture, they form domes which are thought to be the morphological expression of trans-epithelial transport of water and electrolytes. This particular structure is transitory, since after 6 days in culture all the cells lose their adhesivity, and form into floating cords. Co-culture of Capan-1 cells and human, nude mice or chick embryo fibroblasts leads to a higher degree of differentiation of epithelial cells, reflected by the earlier appearance of numerous domes. In addition, the anchorage of Capan-1 cells to fibroblasts prevents retraction of the monolayer, and enables the domes to be maintained in the cultures for more than one month. These findings suggest that Capan-1 cells are able to carry out trans-epithelial movement of water and electrolytes. It is suggested that excretion of ions (bicarbonate and/or chloride) is preserved after transformation of pancreatic duct cells. Mucins (MI) and the recently described VIP receptor sites are also thought to play a part in these exchange processes.
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PMID:Differentiation of the human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line (Capan-1) in culture and co-culture with fibroblasts dome formation. 297 27

The effects of the anti-acid secretory agents, cimetidine (N-cyano-N'-methyl-N"-(2-([(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]thio)ethyl) guanidine), ranitidine (N-(2-(((-5-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-2-furanyl)methyl)thio)ethyl)-N'-meth yl- 2-nitro-1,1-ethene-diamine), roxatidine (2-acetoxy-N-(3-[m-(1-piperidinylmethyl)phenoxy]-propyl) acetamide hydrochloride), FRG-8813 (2-(furfurylsulfinyl)-N-(4-[4-(piperidinomethyl)-2-pyridyl]o xy-(z)-2- butenyl)acetamide), omeprazole (5-methoxy-2-([(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl)- 1H-benzimidazole), and NC-1300-O-3 (2-([2-(isobutylmethylamino)benzyl]sulfinyl)-1H- benzimidazole), on mucin biosynthesis were studied in rat gastric mucosa by using an organ culture technique. [3H]Glucosamine incorporation was stimulated in the corpus region by the histamine H2 receptor antagonists which have a six-membered aromatic ring, roxatidine and FRG-8813, and the new H+,K(+)-ATPase inhibitor, NC-1300-O-3. Thus, these drugs not only inhibit acid secretion but may also promote gastric mucosal protective actions. The present observations also demonstrate that the determination of mucin biosynthesis may be a useful tool for evaluation of mucosal protective activity.
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PMID:Effects of acid-inhibitory antiulcer drugs on mucin biosynthesis in the rat stomach. 790 83

The effect of leminoprazole ((+-)-2-[[2-(isobutyl-methylamino)benzyl]sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazol e, NC-1300-O-3, CAS 104340-86-5), a new compound being developed as an inhibitor of the gastric mucosal proton pump (H+,K(+)-ATPase), on gastric mucus secretion was studied by a biochemical method measuring the gastric mucin content in rats. Oral administration of leminoprazole (30 mg/kg) strongly inhibited the hemorrhagic lesions induced by 60% ethanol containing 0.15 mol/l HCl (acid-ethanol) administered 1 h later. Leminoprazole significantly inhibited the acid-ethanol-induced reduction of the mucin content in the surface mucosa including the mucus gel layer, but no significant effect could be obtained on the reduction of mucin present in the deep layer of the corpus and antral mucosa. Leminoprazole given to rats not treated with acid ethanol accelerated the secretion of deep mucosal mucus and increased significantly the content of soluble mucus which was recovered from the gastric luminal contents to about 200% of control, but failed to produce any significant change in the mucus content present in the surface mucosal and the mucus gel layers. The effect of leminoprazole on gastric mucus secretion might contribute to healing the peptic ulcer diseases and may be involved in the cytoprotective mechanism of this drug.
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PMID:Effect on gastric mucus of the proton pump inhibitor leminoprazole and its cytoprotective action against ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats. 794 16

In summary, this review has provided information concerning the application of histochemical and cytochemical procedures used to detail the normal versus pathological cornea and ocular surface. Specifically, histochemical analysis has been used to study protein and peptide degradation in cornea, to analyze stromal non-collagenous and collagenous fibers and associated extracellular matrix. Cytochemistry of the ocular surface has been used to detail the morphology of corneal and conjunctival mucin. Use of small cationic probes as well as lectin-gold binding was advantageous to quantitatively demonstrate that ocular mucin contains sialylated residues and that the number of these residues significantly changes (increases) with age. These data are important in that the degree of sialylation has been shown to correlate with the ability of bacterial organisms to adhere to and infect the immature in contrast to the mature corneal surface. The use of lectin analysis of diseased ocular tissue also has shown that there are specific alterations in glycoconjugates which occur in the diseased versus normal human cornea. Wound healing in cornea is an important problem which has been studied at length using combined histochemical and biochemical approaches. Results support the hypothesis that apical cell surfaces of the leading edge of a migrating sheet differ from those of the normal epithelium. During wound healing, alpha 6 integrin expression by corneal epithelial cells has been demonstrated, but another protein, syndecan was only seen in non-migrating epithelium which had restratified. The association of immunoglobulins with the ocular surface epithelium of the cornea, their change with age and kinetics of appearance also has been demonstrated using a cytochemical approach. Histochemical procedures have been used to localize Class I and Class II molecules in cornea and conjunctiva. Class II antigen expression has been shown to be absent on corneal endothelium, but it can be induced by treatment with IFN-gamma. These data are of importance in corneal pathology such as that resulting in rejection of corneal transplants. Langerhans cells (Class II, Ia positive) also are not found in normal central cornea. They are localized in the peripheral cornea and are stained histochemically by ADPase, ATPase and by specific anti-Ia and other antisera. Increased numbers of LC have been demonstrated in cornea following various stimuli and in diseases of the cornea including both bacterial and viral induced keratitis.
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PMID:Corneal and ocular surface histochemistry. 845 77

In an attempt to seek out new factors that are related to colorectal carcinogenesis at the molecular level, subtractive hybridization between cDNA of normal mucosal tissues and mRNA of colorectal carcinoma tissues was performed. Subsequent screenings of the cDNA libraries, constructed from normal mucosal tissues, using the "subtractive probes" generated a total of 46 clones that were expressed in normal mucosa but were either expressed at a significantly reduced level or not expressed at all in cancer tissues. Partial nucleotide sequences of all of these cDNA clones were determined, and sequence homology analyses were performed with the Genbank database. Of the 46 cDNA samples, 44 contained substantial sequence homologies with 32 immunoglobulin gene fragments, a helix-loop-helix basic phosphoprotein gene, an acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P2 gene, a BLR1 gene for Burkitt's lymphoma receptor 1 gene, D5S419 DNA segment containing (C-A) repeats, a glucokinase (GCK) gene, a Na+, K+-ATPase alpha-subunit gene, a histocompatibility system HLA-DR heavy-chain gene, a dystrophic gene, a mucin (MUC2) gene, a mu-glutathione S-transferase gene, a Menkes disease protein gene, and a 40-kDa keratin intermediate filament precursor gene. The remaining two cDNA clones (now registered under GenBank accession numbers U17714 and U20428) showed few (less than 60%) sequence homologies with any known sequences in the GenBank database and, therefore, may represent novel genes whose expression was down-regulated in human colorectal carcinomas. The possible clinical significance of these findings and the involvement of these two genes in the carcinogenesis of colorectal as well as other cancers are being investigated.
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PMID:Characterization of colorectal-cancer-related cDNA clones obtained by subtractive hybridization screening. 929 8


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