Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.6.1.3 (ATPase)
 65,361 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Early atherosclerotic lesions in human aortas less than five hours postmortem were studied by light microscopy (20 cases) and electron microscopy (10 cases), to determine the morphological and cytochemical character of calcium deposition in the lesions. Routine and multiple special stains by light microscopy demonstrated atherosclerotic (intimal) calcium to be deposited as fine grains, ring-shaped droplets or small needle-shaped crystals, and medial calcium as fine grains or ring-shaped droplets. The calcium deposits were frequently associated with the PAS-positive basal lamina surrounding smooth muscle cells. In the intimal lesions the calcium deposits were often associated with fine granular lipid, while this association was much less frequent in the media. Calcium in atherosclerotic intima was generally not closely associated with elastic fibers but in the media was often deposited along or near elastic fibers. By electron microscopy the atherosclerotic lesions were composed of many smooth muscle cells (with or without lipid droplets), newly formed elastic fibers, amorphous ground substance, a few collagen fibrils and many membrane-limited matrix vesicle-like structures, 100-700 nm diameter. Many similar vesicles were present between the elastic laminae of the media. With the potassium pyroantimonate technique for demonstrating calcium, reaction products were most concentrated within these matrix vesicles but were also present in mitochondria of smooth muscle cells, within extracellular mitochondria-like structures, in pericellular basal lamina-like material and loosely dispersed in the interstitial ground substance. All elastic fibers were negative for calcium by this technique. The membrane of the matrix vesicle-like structures were cytochemically positive for alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase. These studies suggest that calcification in human atherosclerosis and media is related to smooth muscle cell degeneration and that the major initial loci for calcium deposition are matrix vesicles from degraded cells, comparable to osteogenic calcification of cartilage.
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PMID:Calcification in atherosclerosis. I. Human studies. 294 18

The cellularity and histochemistry of the semitendinosus muscle was studied in lean and obese pigs at 14 days of age. Muscles from lean animals had lower (P less than .05) muscle weights and minimum fiber diameters and had reduced (P less than .05) percentages of dry matter and protein when contrasted to obese muscles. Concentrations of RNA and glycogen were independent of animal strain but DNA levels were severely depressed (P less than .01) in obese muscle. Histochemistry for lipid, NADH-TR, acid ATPase, esterase and glycogen (PAS) indicated no strain effects. Regardless of strain, sections from larger animals showed histochemical patterns indicative of more mature muscles. These studies demonstrate abnormalities in muscle cellular characteristics in the young obese animal. Furthermore, these abnormalities may accelerate muscle maturation and hasten the fattening phase of growth.
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PMID:Skeletal muscle cellularity and histochemistry in young lean and obese pigs. 294 91

Cilia were isolated from Tetrahymena thermophila, extracted with Triton X-114, and the detergent-soluble membrane + matrix proteins separated into Triton X-114 aqueous and detergent phases. The aqueous phase polypeptides include a high molecular mass polypeptide previously identified as a membrane dynein, detergent-soluble alpha and beta tubulins, and numerous polypeptides distinct from those found in axonemes. Integral membrane proteins partition into the detergent phase and include two major polypeptides of 58 and 50 kD, a 49-kD polypeptide, and 5 polypeptides in relatively minor amounts. The major detergent phase polypeptides are PAS-positive and are phosphorylated in vivo. A membrane-associated ATPase, distinct from the dynein-like protein, partitions into the Triton X-114 detergent phase and contains nearly 20% of the total ciliary ATPase activity. The ATPase requires Mg++ or Ca++ and is not inhibited by ouabain or vanadate. This procedure provides a gentle and rapid technique to separate integral membrane proteins from those that may be peripherally associated with the matrix or membrane.
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PMID:Fractionation of Tetrahymena ciliary membranes with triton X-114 and the identification of a ciliary membrane ATPase. 297 60

A case of alveolar soft part sarcoma was studied by light and electron microscopy and by electron microscopic enzyme histochemistry of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and 5'nucleotidase(5'Nase). The tumor showed distinct alveolar pattern and diastase resistant PAS positive crystalline inclusions were found in the cytoplasm. Ultrastructurally, characteristic rhomboid crystals and dense granules were observed and they were positive for Mg++- and Ca++-ATPases but negative for 5'Nase. Tumor cell membrane also showed positive activity of ATPase in addition to 5'Nase. These results would support the myogenous derivation of alveolar soft part sarcoma.
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PMID:Adenosine triphosphatase activity of crystalline inclusions in alveolar soft part sarcoma. An ultrahistochemical study of a case. 301 8

Histochemical investigations of Sarcocystis microcysts found in two hindleg muscles of cats were carried out. Genus identification was based on the reinforced cyst membrane structure and its dimensions, the structure of the sarcocysts, and an electron microscopic survey of bradyzoite characteristics. The cyst membrane is partly contributed by the host myofiber, the characteristic histochemical features of which it retains. Materials adjacent to the limiting membrane make it appear thicker than it actually is, particularly when the PAS method as well as techniques for the demonstration of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and ATPase activities are used. The ground substance occupying the parasitophorous vacuole is not amorphous and metabolically inert, but rather displays a fairly strong and definite ATPase activity, suggesting a trophic role in the support of metrocytes and zoites embedded therein. Cysts tend to adapt their biochemical characteristics to the particular metabolism of the muscle fibers in which they are located. All of these findings are discussed in terms of host-parasite relationships.
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PMID:Histochemical study of Sarcocystis sp. intramuscular cysts in gastrocnemius and soleus of the cat. 314 30

We assessed the histochemical, ultrastructural and cytochemical effects of reperfusion on ischemic myocardial cells during the early and late reperfusion phases in two groups of dogs. Group A were 8 dogs undergoing 1 hour occlusion of LAD, and Group B were 14 dogs undergoing 1 hour occlusion of LAD followed by 2 hour reperfusion period. The results of the histochemical study (PAS stain) demonstrated that in Group A, a patchy distribution of glycogen occurred primarily in the subepicardial region. Three-dimensional analysis of this distribution revealed peninsulas of glycogen running parallel with a vessel. The cells in Group B, mainly subepicardium, showed a moderate glycogen content which was more extensive than those in Group A. The ultrastructural changes were assessed after a 60-minute ischemia and subsequent recovery (after 5 minutes and 120 minutes of reflow) using transmural biopsy specimens. Each myocardial cell was graded from 0-4 according to the degree of ischemic injury and recovery. The degree of ischemic damage varied in intensity from slight to severe, in both the subepicardium and the subendocardium. Ca++-ATPase activity was examined cytochemically in myocardial cells of Group B. After 60-minute occlusion, the moderately ischemic cells (especially in the subepicardium) that were without amorphous dense bodies or marked sarcolemmal lifting-off made significantly greater ultrastructural recovery (p less than 0.05) with restoration of Ca++-ATPase activity on sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria after 120 minutes of reflow. This occurred even though after 5 minutes of reflow the cell showed temporary deterioration such as contraction bands, vacuoles and severe destruction of some mitochondria.
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PMID:Histochemical, ultrastructural and cytochemical study of reperfusion effect on ischemic myocardial injury. 315 16

In 7 male cyclists glycogen synthesis during exercise and rest was studied. Each subject did two exercise trials (A and B), in random order. In both trials, after determining the maximal workload (Wmax), intermittent exercise was given to exhaustion. After the exhaustive exercise and taking a muscle biopsy the subjects either exercised at 40% Wmax for 3 h (trial A) or rested for 3 h (trial B), during which they consumed approximately 2 l of a 25% malto-dextrine drink in both trials. After 3 h rest (trial A) or 3 h of mild exercise (trial B) a second muscle biopsy was taken for total glycogen and histochemistry (ATPase and PAS). Blood glucose and insulin levels were elevated during the first 2 h of exercise (p less than 0.05). Glycogen depletion was most pronounced in type I and to a less extent in type IIA fibers. In trial A muscle glycogen increased from 136 +/- 66 to 199 +/- 71 mmol/kg DW, and in trial B from 145 +/- 56 to 257 +/- 79 mmol/kg DW. During exercise glycogen repletion was restricted to type IIA and IIB fibers, whereas during rest glycogen synthesis occurred both in type I and type II fibers. The present study demonstrates that oral carbohydrate administered during exercise may not only provide substrate for energy metabolism, but can also be utilized for glycogen synthesis in the non-active muscle fibers.
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PMID:Carbohydrate feeding and glycogen synthesis during exercise in man. 344 1

Two groups of human subjects were submitted to a 20-week endurance training program (1 h a day, 4 days a week, 70-80% max VO2). The first group (G20) consisted of eight 22 +/- 3 years male students, the second group (G60) was composed of seven still very physically active elderly male subjects (62 +/- 4 years). Training significantly increased max VO2 by 15% in G20 and 7% in G60. Muscle samples taken from the vastus lateralis muscle before and after training were histochemically stained for fibre-typing (myofibrillar ATPase), capillary supply and fibre area measurements (amylase PAS and NADH-TR). Fibre-type distribution was unchanged with training. Capillary density (cap X mm-2) increased significantly in both groups from 316 +/- 42 to 396 +/- 73 in G20 and from 308 +/- 48 to 409 +/- 55 in G60. This enhancement of capillary supply was linked to the proliferation of capillaries in G20 where the number of capillaries in contact with ST and FTa fibres (CC) significantly increased from 4.6 to 5.9 and from 4.8 to 6.1 respectively. No significant changes in fibre areas were found in G20. On the contrary, G60 did not show any significant sign of capillary growth (CC unchanged) whereas fibre areas significantly decreased in ST (6,410 to 5,520 micron 2) and FTa fibres (5,830 to 5,090 micron 2). A methodological evaluation of fibre-area measurement was described, with confirmation of the data. It was concluded that this study may illustrate the trainability of skeletal muscle of elderly men in a possibly different way to that seen in a younger age group.
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PMID:Effects of endurance training on capillary supply of human skeletal muscle on two age groups (20 and 60 years). 357 30

The histochemistry and ultrastructure (SEM and TEM) of the spermatheca of Biomphalaria glabrata was investigated to elucidate the function of this organ and to compare its structure and function to similar organs found in other species. The spermatheca has a debris-filled lumen surrounded by a thin wall of tissue. The cells adjacent to the lumen are of three columnar epithelial cell types. Two cell types have abundant microvilli and mammalian cell-like organelle distribution and morphology. The above cell types differ in the electron density of their cytoplasms, nuclear morphologies, and organelle content. The third cell type differs from the other two in its cytoplasmic makeup. However, the most distinctive difference is the presence of large numbers of cilia at the apical surface with no evidence of microvilli. These columnar cells rest on a basal lamina adjacent to a two to three cell thick muscle layer. The entire organ is surrounded by an adventitia of unusual morphology. Histochemical investigation demonstrated that DNAase, RNAase, and protease are present in the lumen, alkaline phosphatase is associated primarily with the microvilli, small amounts of acid phosphatase are concentrated in the midcell area of the columnar epithelium, and ATPase activity is localized in the muscle cells and just below the absorptive surface of the microvillous cells. The luminal contents and adventitial areas are Sudan Black B positive, all areas of the lumen and organ wall are PAS positive, the cell nuclei and amorphous masses in the lumen showed Feulgen staining, and large vesicles in the columnar cells were Oil Red O positive. Apparently, the spermatheca of B. glabrata is both a digestive and absorptive structure. Although this organ shares functional similarities with those found in opisthobranchs and terrestrial pulmonates, the epithelia of the spermatheca differ dramatically in these groups.
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PMID:Structure and function of the spermatheca in a snail host of schistosomiasis, Biomphalaria glabrata. 364 39

Several approaches were adopted for the disruption and removal of the tegumental surface from protoscoleces of the horse strain of the hydatid organism, Echinococcus granulosus. The effectiveness of each method and the purity of subsequent microthrix-enriched fractions obtained by differential centrifugation were evaluated by electron microscopy, by the amount of protein released and by the degree of enrichment of surface plasma membrane marker enzymes. Incubation in saponin for 10 min produced the purest microtriche preparation, but in low yield; freeze/thawing, incubation in Triton X-100 for 10 min or in saponin for 20 min produced fractions containing significant amounts of relatively pure microtriches, but mild homogenization was a poor method for surface disruption and subsequent isolation of microtriches. Phosphodiesterase, adenosine triphosphatase (total and ouabain-inhibited), leucine aminopeptidase and glutamyltransferase were active in the protoscoleces but none were enriched in any of the microthrix fractions. In contrast, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, 5' nucleotidase and maltase were enriched significantly in all of the isolated microtriche preparations, which suggests that these enzymes are predominantly surface membrane bound. The protein profiles of the microthrix-enriched fractions, following SDS-PAGE, were basically similar, although there were some qualitative and quantitative differences in the proteins released by each isolation procedure. Three major PAS-staining components were present in all the preparations and these probably originated from the glycocalyx. One of these PAS-positive components, with an approximate molecular weight of 110 kDa, may be a glycoprotein specific to the horse strain of E. granulosus.
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PMID:Isolation, fractionation and partial characterization of the tegumental surface from protoscoleces of the hydatid organism, Echinococcus granulosus. 398 50


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