Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.6.1.3 (ATPase)
65,361 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

For comparison with our previous study on early calcification in human atherosclerosis, the aortas of rabbits and chickens with experimentally induced atherosclerosis were studied by gross examination, light microscopy and electron microscopy, including various cytochemical techniques. Nine male New Zealand white rabbits and nine male white leghorn chickens were fed an atherogenic diet of chow with 8% peanut oil and 2% cholesterol for one, two or three months. Six rabbits and six chickens, fed normal chow for one, two or three months, served as controls. The normal diet chickens were found to have lipid-negative spontaneous fibrous plaques in the abdominal aorta, which following atherogenic diet developed lipid deposition and increasing calcium deposition. The normal diet rabbits had no aortic lesions, but following an atherogenic diet developed highly lipid-positive foam cell intimal lesions which subsequently developed increasing amounts of smooth muscle cells and calcium. Ultrastructurally, the aortic plaques in normal diet chickens were composed of smooth muscle cells, collagen, elastic fibers, ground substance and a few small extracellular matrix vesicles bounded by a trilaminar membrane. In the atherogenic diet chickens, these vesicles increased in number as did their staining for calcium by the pyroantimonate technique. The membranes of vesicles were cytochemically positive for alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase. Similar matrix vesicles were present in the interstitium of the media. In both intima and media, the vesicles appeared to be largely derived from degenerating smooth muscle cells. The aortas of atherogenic diet rabbits were similar to the chickens except for many more lipid-laden foam cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Calcification in atherosclerosis. II. Animal studies. 378 82

A new antiaggregating chemical, alpha-(p-(fluoren-9-ylidenemethyl)phenyl)-2-piperidineethanol (RMI 10,393), designated FYPE, was found to be an effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), thrombin, collagen, or epinephrine. Effects of the antiaggregant on platelets were concentration dependent. Aggregation was prevented by low concentrations of FYPE that produced in the platelet only minor ultrastructural changes consisting of loss of microtubules and of discoid shape. Low levels of FYPE that prevented platelet aggregation had no effect on platelet ATPase activities but did alter clot retraction, the thrombin-induced shift in electrophoretic mobility and platelet cholinesterase activity. Market decrease in ADP release and increase in adenyl cyclase activity were produced by low levels of FYPE. This study provides a model for evaluation of platelet antiaggregating compounds in vitro.
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PMID:Effect of a new antiaggregating chemical on the structure and function of the human platelet. 425 15

An odontogenic myxoma of a maxilla has been examined. Histochemistry of the mucosubstance indicated that hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate were present. On ultrastructural examination many of the cells in the myxomatous tissue were seen with prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum, suggesting a secretory function, and possibly the myxomatous ground substance was produced by these cells. Cells containing collagen fibrils were found. Epithelial islands with intercellular spaces producing an arrangement similar to the stellate reticulum of the enamel organ were found, and possibly had developed from odontogenic epithelial rests. These islands were surrounded by a clear zone, outside which were cells with an increased prominence of adenosine-triphosphatase, nucleoside-diphosphatase, thiamine-pyrophosphatase, and often arylamidase reaction products. This probably represents a reaction of the mesodermal tissue to the epithelial islands. Possibly the epithelium exerts an inductive effect on the mesodermal tissue, and the myxomatous appearance may be the result of an aberrant development of mesodermal cells into ;myxoblasts' which secrete the myxomatous ground substance.
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PMID:Odontogenic myxoma: ultrastructural and histochemical studies. 435 41

The percutaneous, intrahepatic inoculation of E. histolytica trophozoites in weanling hamsters produced lesions of various shapes and sizes. The time-span between inoculation and sacrifice did not correlate with the size of the lesions. Histoenzymologic technics for acid and alkaline phosphatases, adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-P DH) showed that the necrotic material is positive to the two former phosphatases whereas ATP-ase shows distorted bile canaliculi due to profound parenchymal alterations and the presence of G-06-P DH activity in parenchyma as well as its lack of activity in necrotic material suggests that the pentose cycle is involved in the genesis of the lesion. The presence of collagen fibers surrounding the lesions suggests that during the expansion of the lesions, there is a granulomatous inflammatory stage with fibrosis immediately followed by fibrinolysis. Four zones can be distinguished in an expanding lesion: necrosis, a zone of junction between necrosis and parenchyma which depicts a crown of invasive trophozoites surrounding the necrosis, a histiocytic halo and a zone of peripheral necrosis.
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PMID:[Histochemical aspects of liver lesions induced in hamsters by inoculation of E. histolytica in axenic culture. II. Evidence of perinecrotic fibrosis]. 617 30

Serum samples from 94 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and 17 patients with chronic cholestatic hepatitis (CCH) were tested in the fluorometric immunoassay (FIAX) against the nonorgan-specific ATPase-associated antigen (M2) and against submitochondrial from beef heart and rat liver, to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of the M2 antigen for the diagnosis of PBC. As controls serum samples from 42 patients with other antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) specificity (against M1, M3, M5, and M6) as well as samples from 417 patients with various other hepatic and non-hepatic disorders were used. Serum samples from 91 of the 94 PBC patients (97%) and all 17 with CCH reacted with the M2 antigen. However, when SMP from rat liver and beef heart were tested in parallel in the FIAX, AMA could be detected in all PBC serum samples. None of the 42 patients with different types of AMA had reactions with the M2 antigen but all had reactions with SMP from rat-liver or beef-heart mitochondria or both. Among the other 417 patients with hepatic and non-hepatic disorders only 4(1%), all with collagen diseases, had anti-M2 antibodies.
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PMID:ATPase-associated antigen (M2): marker antigen for serological diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis. 618 86

A comparative light microscopy, histoenzymological and ultrastructural study enabled the authors, in a case of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast, to emphasise certain special morphological traits of this tumour type and to make a contribution to the understanding of its histogenesis. By light microscopy, the only special features of the case were the abundance of mucus secreting tumour cells in the perilobular infiltrating zones and in the stromal texture with marked perigalactophoric hyalinosis and active elastic neogenesis. From an ultrastructural standpoint, intralobular malignant zones contained epithelial type cells, rich in microfilaments and with numerous desmosomal junctions. Two other cell types were identified at the periphery of the lobules. On consisted of round cells with intracytoplasmic cavities filled with mucus (signet ring cells). This group, in common with the intralobular cells, contained abundant amounts of alkaline phosphatase. The other consisted of elongated "pseudo-fibroblastic" cells, rich in microfibrils and in granular ergastoplasm with secretion at points of contact of collagen and elastin. These cells showed marked ATPase activity. They no doubt represented "hybrid" cells, intermediate in terms of their morphology and enzyme activity between myoepithelial and epithelial cells. These findings would thus appear to offer arguments in favour of the double cell origin -- duct and myoepithelial -- of lobular carcinoma.
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PMID:[Histogenesis of lobular cancer of the breast. Histoenzymatic and ultrastructural study of a muciparous cell invasive epithelioma]. 625 29

Severe copper deficiency was induced in rats by rearing nursing dams and their offsprings on a semisynthetic diet comprising all the requisite nutrients and trace metals except copper. The copper-deprived rats exhibited growth retardation, severe anaemia, loss of caeruloplasmin, decrease of cytochrome oxidase, accumulation of salt-soluble collagen and a drastic decrease in iron in plasma and liver. Apart from these characteristic signs of deficiency, a marked inhibition of protein synthesis was found to occur both in vivo and in cell-free liver preparations. The curtailed ability to carry out endogenously coded amino acid incorporation into protein contrasted with the unimpaired poly(U)-acid-directed phenylalanine polymerization. This inhibition pattern, as well as the attendant disaggregation of the liver polyribosomes, suggested that the primary biosynthetic lesion was located at the stage of peptide-chain initiation. Concurrently with this alteration there was a pronounced depletion of the hepatic ATP content, associated with a parallel depression of mitochondrial respiration and an enhancement of ATPase activity. Supplementation of the copper-deficient diet with a 2-4-fold excess of iron (relative to the standard diet) prevented growth retardation and anaemia and restored normal energy metabolism, as well as unimpaired protein-synthesizing capacity. The conclusion that these disturbances were primarily determined by the secondary iron deficiency was also borne out by the finding that similar alterations occurred in rats maintained on a copper-sufficient but iron-deficient diet. On the other hand, the iron-fortified diet failed to reverse the other signs of copper deficiency, namely the loss of caeruloplasmin, the diminished rate of cytochrome oxidase and the increase of soluble collagen. The interrelations between the various biochemical lesions induced by deprivation of copper or iron are discussed and the possible role of ATP depletion in determining the derangement of protein synthesis is considered.
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PMID:Biochemical lesions in copper-deficient rats caused by secondary iron deficiency. Derangement of protein synthesis and impairment of energy metabolism. 625 58

The membrane-bound Na/K-ATPase system is an important energy regulating system for all primate cells and is suspected to be either primary or secondary affected in different but important metabolic disorders as essential hypertension, diabetes II (mature onset diabetes) or severe overweight. Rabbit smooth muscle cells grown in culture have been incubated with different concentrations of ouabain (10(-7)-10(-4) mol/l) and potassium (4 and 6 mmol/l). In controlled series, the incorporation of 3H-thymidine (and collagen secretion) during incubation with ouabain was found to be diminished by at maximum 73% (P less than 0.01) and this was found to be reversible by changing to ouabain-free medium or partly by the addition of extra potassium. The intracellular ATP level and lactate production was diminished together with the fall in 3H-thymidine incorporation. These effects were probably not due to a non-specific toxic effect of ouabain because no difference in leakage of prelabelled 3H-thymidine from cells compared to control series was seen. We suggest that an optimal function of the membrane-bound Na/K-ATPase system is of great importance not only for intracellular energy production but also for cell proliferation and protein synthesis.
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PMID:Effects of ouabain and potassium on rabbit arterial smooth muscle cells in culture. 632 36

The role of myofibroblasts in the pathogenesis of Dupuytren's contracture was investigated by light and electron microscopic histochemical methods. Dupuytren's myofibroblasts contain an intracellular contractile mechanism that is driven by the dephosphorylation of adenosine triphosphate. Our study of calcium adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activities verifies that the site of this energy system is on the myofilaments of the myofibroblasts. The degree of ATPase activity, as determined by cell counts, appeared to correlate with the residual contracture as predicted by the Legge and McFarlane Outcome Standard Formula. Further, alcian blue staining on the ultrastructural level indicates that the myofibroblasts are associated with each other and with surrounding collagen by a glycosaminoglycan matrix 300 to 1000 A thick. Collagen fibrils are attached by a similar matrix comprised of 100 A thick fibrils. The dynamic cellular architecture of the multiple adjacent myofibroblasts with their connections to surrounding collagen may be partially responsible for the residual clinical deformities seen in this disease.
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PMID:The pathogenesis of Dupuytren's contracture: contractile mechanisms of the myofibroblasts. 668 33

The development of the innermost layer of backfat was studied histologically and histochemically in fetuses from Yorkshire sows at 45, 60, 65, 75, 85, 90, 105, 110, and 112 d of gestation. Samples were also obtained from fetuses at 110 d of gestation from Ossabaw sows and from sows selected for high (obese) or low (lead) backfat thickness. Fetuses from some sows were decapitated at 45 d of gestation and samples were obtained from these fetuses at 110 d of gestation. The inner layer develops before 75 d of gestation and has stromal-vascular characteristics that clearly distinguish it from the middle layer of backfat. For instance, a well organized and dense collagen matrix immediately surrounds small fat cell clusters in the inner layer. Most fat cell cluster capillaries (in the inner layer) reacted strongly for ATPase histochemically and are histologically immature. The inner layer morphology and cell size was similar in Ossabaw, obese and lean fetuses. The number of PAS (Periodic Acid Schiff) positive cells were dependent on fetal strain. The number was highest in obese fetuses and lowest in Ossabaws. Comparison of decapitated fetuses and weight-matched controls indicated that the inner layer was most affected by decapitation. A decreased organization and amount of collagen was associated with larger fat cell clusters in decapitated fetuses, and most fat cell cluster capillaries reacted little for ATPase histochemically and were histologically mature. The range in inner-layer fat cell diameter was wider in decapitated fetuses (11 to 55 micron) than in control fetuses (11 to 30 micron). These results demonstrate that the characteristics of the inner layer are clearly different from the other layers and that the amount and organization of collagen was inversely associated with the size of fat cell clusters and fat cells and with the maturity of the adipocyte-associated capillaries.
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PMID:The development of the inner layer of backfat in fetal and young pigs. 674 44


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