Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.6.1.3 (ATPase)
65,361 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human erythrocytes from healthy male donors were fractionated with respect to in vivo age by simple centrifugation in order to characterize changes in the functional integrity of the membrane during the life-span of the cell. The three enzymes, Na/K-ATPase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADH-ferricyanide reductase, were found not to change with age, but significant age-dependent decreases were observed in the cases of acetylcholinesterase, phosphoglycerate kinase, purine nucleoside phosphorylase, adenylate kinase, Mg-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase. The possibility that these changes were attributable to mechanisms other than age-related inactivation, such as reticulocyte contamination, differential resealing and crypticity, was investigated. Only the decrease in acetylcholinesterase could be explained wholly in terms of reticulocyte contamination. A decrease in membrane integrity on ageing was observed, which accounted for approximately half the change in alkaline phosphatase and may have contributed to the other enzyme activity changes. This membrane integrity effect masked a real decrease in the highly cryptic NADH-ferricyanide reductase, this decrease being apparent only after total disaggregation of the membrane with nonionic surfactant.
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PMID:Changes in the activities of some membrane-associated enzymes during in vivo ageing of the normal human erythrocyte. 14 40

Two membrane-bound enzymes were localized by electron microscope cytochemical techniques in Plasmodium lophurae and its host erythrocyte. Parasites were prepared by saponin lysis, French pressure cell lysis, or anti-red blood cell serum lysis; infected and uninfected erythrocyte ghosts were prepared by saponin or French pressure cell lysis. Enzyme incubations were performed on unfixed cells. Adenosinetriphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.3) activity was found on the inside of the ghost membrane and on the inside of the outer parasite membrane. NADH oxidase was found on the outside of the erythrocyte membrane and on the outside of the parasite outer membrane. The parasite plasma membrane was negative for both enzymes. The location of both enzymes on the outer parasite membrane were reversed from what one would have expected if the outer membrane had remained merely an invaginated erythrocyte membrane. It is concluded that the outer membrane, although derived from the red cell membrane, has been altered by its association with the malarial parasite.
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PMID:Electron microscope cytochemistry of host-parasite membrane interactions in malaria. 14 26

Male guinea pigs were exposed to nitrogen dioxide (2 mg/m3) during 180 days (8 hours a day). Long-term exposure induced thickening of the corneal layer of the epidermis as well as inflammatory infiltrations in the proper skin. The following enzymes were estimated histochemically in skin samples of experimental and control animals: succinic dehydrogenase, NADH2-tetrazolium reductase, lactate dehydrogenase; alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase. Chronic exposrue stimulated a decrease of NADH2-tetrazolium reductase in the epidermis and connective tissue components of proper skin and marked positive reaction of lactate dehydrogenase in epidermal cells and hair follicles. Increase of a diffuse reaction on adenosine triphosphatase in smooth muscles of the skin was found also in exposed animals.
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PMID:Histopathological and histochemical studies of the skin of guinea pigs after long-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide. 14 74

Stereotaxic septal cannulation in one hemisphere of the rat results in displacement of the ipsilateral basal ganglion along its rostrocaudal axis. In an attempt to elucidate any metabolic changes in the ganglion due to possible alteration in its vascular supply in the displaced position, enzyme histochemical studies were undertaken on the forebrain of septally cannulated rats. A survey of hydrolases (acid and alkaline phosphatases, ATPase, cholinesterase and non-specific esterases), dehydrogenases (succinate and lactate) and diaphorases (NADH- and NADPH- tetrazolium reductases) revealed no difference in activity between the ganglia of the two sides. Cortical activity appeared to be enhanced with a rostral shift of the ganglion and decreased with a caudal shift. In the light of available histoenzymatic data on ischaemic brain damages, the present results rule out the existence of any major metabolic difference between the two basal ganglia. This underlines the extraordinary degree of functional plasticity of subcortical nuclear masses, despite considerable physical displacement.
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PMID:Enzyme histochemistry of basal ganglia in the septally cannulated rat. 14 57

Samples from two red muscles (vastus intermedius and vastus medialis) and two white muscles (biceps femoris and gluteus medius) were taken from four pigs. Serial transverse sections were reacted for ATPase and NADH oxidative activity. Sections were mapped with a projection microscope so that the staining intensity of individual fibres for the two reactions could be measured with a simple microscope photometer. Transmission values at 600 nm were converted to units of 0-10 for the range from darkest to lightest staining fibres on each section to cancel variation in staining intensity between sections. The aim of the study was to use simple cytophotometry instead of subjective judgement in the categorization of different histochemical types of muscle fibres. Cytophotometry enabled clear resolution of the major fibre types (types I and II using the ATPase reaction), partial resolution of more variable characteristics (NADH oxidative activity in type I and II fibres) and no resolution of subtle subtypes (IA and IB with the NADH oxidative reaction). However, between the major fibre types, cytophotometry revealed variable numbers of fibres with transitional characteristics. There were more of these fibres in red muscles. With sections reacted for ATPase, transmission values for low magnification fields containing 100 to 200 fibres were correlated (r = -0.91) with the ratio of type I:II fibres.
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PMID:Comparison of red and white muscles by cytophotometry of their muscle fibre populations. 14 43

Of a total of 1,420 odontogenic cysts, 52 (3.3%) were diagnosed as odontogenic keratocysts. Clinical and histological findings in these 52 cysts are reported. Frozen sections of 26 of the keratocysts were incubated to show the following enzyme activities: NADH2- and NADPH2-diaphorase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase and ATPase. Furthermore, keratinization was studied with the rhodamine B method and lipids with the oil red O, the OTAN and the acid hematein methods. Sections from epidermis, oral mucosa, radicular cysts, residual cysts and follicular cysts served as reference material. The oxidative enzymes showed strong activity in the keratocyst epithelium which contrasted with weak activity in the reference cysts. Acid phosphatase activity was weak in all epithelia except that in keratocysts, which displayed a marked activity. In the fibrous capsule of the keratocyst a high activity of leucine aminopeptidase was recorded. This high activity contrasted with a weak activity in the reference material. The significance of the histochemical results in relation to the aggressive behavior of the keratocyst is discussed.
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PMID:Odontogenic keratocysts: a clinical and histological study with special reference to enzyme histochemistry. 14 97

Premature infants tolerate respiratory loads poorly. This may reflect incomplete development of the ventilatory muscles (VM) causing poor resistance to fatigue. To study the developmental pattern of human VM, 31 postmortem specimens of diaphragm and intercostal muscles were obtained. Individual muscle fibers were classified as type I (slow-twitch, high-oxidative) or type II (fast-twich, low-oxidative) using histochemical staining methods for myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (M-ATPase) (pH 10.30) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) tetrazolium reductase. In the diaphragm, premature infants (less than 37 wk gestation) had only 9.7 +/- 1.3% type I fibers, full-term newborns 25.0 +/- 1.1%, and older subjects (greater than 2 yr of age) 54.9 +/- 1.3%. There was no further increase after 8 mo postpartum. In the intercostal muscles, premature infants had only 19.0 +/- 4.8% type I fibers, full-term newborns 45.7 +/- 1.3%, and older subjects 65.2 +/- 2.6%. There was no further increase after 2 mo postpartum. These findings suggest the ventilatory muscles of newborn infants are more susceptible to fatigue than those of older subjects. This may contribute significantly to respiratory problems in the neonate.
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PMID:Developmental pattern of muscle fiber types in human ventilatory muscles. 14 79

The molecular architecture of membrane vesicles prepared from Escherichia coli ML 308-225 has been studied by using crossed immunoelectrophoresis, and a reference pattern of 52 discrete immunoprecipitates has been established. Progressive immunoadsorption experiments conducted with untreated control vesicles and with physically disrupted vesicles demonstrate that the membrane-associated immunogens fall into two categories: (i) those immunogens typified by ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) and NADH dehydrogenase [NADH: (acceptor) oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.99.3] whose expression is minimal unless the vesicles are disrupted; and (ii) immunogens such as Braun's lipoprotein that are expressed to similar extents in untreated and in disrupted vesicles. A mathematical relationship between the peak area subtended by an immunoprecipitate in the crossed immuno-electrophoresis system and the quantity of vesicles used in the adsorption process has been derived. This relationship allows quantitation of the degree to which specific membrane immunogens partition between exposed and unexposed surfaces of the vesicle membrane. The results demonstrate conclusively that >95% of the membrane in the vesicle preparations is in the form of sealed sacculi with the same polarity as the intact cell. Moreover, the findings provide a strong indication that dislocation of immunogens from the inner to the outer surface of the membrane during vesicle preparation does not occur to an extent exceeding 11%.
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PMID:Molecular structure of membrane vesicles from Escherichia coli. 15 May 99

Membranes from a mutant strain of Escherichia coli K12 carrying the uncD409 allele were washed in low-ionic-strength buffers in the presence or absence of the proteinase inhibitor p-aminobenzamidine. Unlike membranes from a normal strain, those from strain AN463 (uncD409) did not become proton-permeable, as judged by NADH-induced atebrinfluorescence quenching, when the membranes were washed in the absence of p-aminobenzamide. Furthermore, ATP-dependent atebrin-fluorscence quenching in such washed membranes could not be reconstituted by the addition of solubilized Mg2+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase preparations. The examination by two-dimensional polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of the polypeptide composition of the washed membranes from strain AN463 (uncD409) indicated the presence of a polypeptide of similar molecular weight to the normal beta-subunit of the Mg2+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase, but with an altered isoelectric point. Both the normal and abnormal beta-subunits were identified in membranes prepared from a partial diploid strain carrying both the unc+ and uncD409 alleles. It is concluded that the uncD gene codes for the beta-subunit of the Mg2+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase.
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PMID:Characterization of the mutant-unc D-gene product in a strain of Escherichia coli K12. An altered beta-subunit of the magnesium ion-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase. 15 Aug 41

The differentiation of fibre types in developing human skeletal muscle was studied. The material consisted of muscle samples from different muscles of 86 foetuses (abortions) between 12 weeks gestation and delivery and 50 children 1 day to 7 years old. The latter samples were obtained at surgery. Histochemical stains for myofibrillar ATPase were made after preincubations at pH 4.3, 4.6 and 10.3 in order to identify the subgroups A and B of type II fibres and undifferentiated fibres (type II C). Stains for glycogen and lipids were also performed as well as for NADH-diaphorase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. After 20 weeks gestation a few large size type I fibers could be found in some muscles, but not until after the 30th week were some type II A fibres seen. During the last 3 months of gestation a very rapid further differentiation occurred, but at delivery the differentiation process was still not completed. At birth 15-20% of the fibres were classified as undifferentiated. This picture only gradually changed with a slow increase in the number of type I, II A and II B fibres. The stains for metabolic enzymes and substrates were pale until late in foetal life when some distinction between fibre types became discernible.
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PMID:Enzyme histochemistry on skeletal muscle of the human foetus. 15 51


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