Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.6.1.3 (ATPase)
65,361 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A mutant strain of Escherichia coli was isolated in which Gly-48 of the mature epsilon-subunit of the energy-transducing adenosine triphosphatase was replaced by Asp. This amino acid substitution caused inhibition of ATPase activity (about 70%), loss of ATP-dependent proton translocation and lowered oxidative phosphorylation, but did not affect proton translocation through the F0. Purified F1-ATPase from the mutant strain bound to stripped membranes with the same affinity as the normal F1-ATPase. Partial revertant strains were isolated in which Pro-47 of the epsilon-subunit was replaced by Ser or Thr. Pro-47 and Gly-48 are predicted to be residues 2 and 3 in a Type II beta-turn and the Gly-48 to Asp substitution is predicted to cause a change from a Type II to a Type I or III beta-turn. Space-filling models of the beta-turn (residues 46-49) in the normal, mutant and partial revertant epsilon-subunits indicate that the peptide oxygen between Pro-47 and Gly-48 is in a different position to the peptide oxygen between Pro-47 and Asp-48 and that the substitution of Pro-47 by either Ser or Thr restores an oxygen close to the original position. It is suggested that the peptide oxygen between Pro-47 and Gly-48 of the epsilon-subunit is involved either structurally in inter-subunit H-bonding or directly in proton movements through the F1-ATPase.
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PMID:Amino acid substitutions in the epsilon-subunit of the F1F0-ATPase of Escherichia coli. 287 66

A group of mutant uncA alleles, affecting essential residues of the alpha-subunit of Escherichia coli proton-ATPase, have been identified by intragenic complementation mapping, cloning, and DNA sequencing. One of the mutations, uncA450, abolishes normal assembly of F1-ATPase. The amino acid substitution found was Glu-299----Lys, which is predicted to lie in an alpha-helix in alpha-subunit. The reversal of the charge at residue 299 is a likely cause of defective assembly. The uncA462 allele causes impairment of catalysis while allowing normal assembly of membrane-bound F1-ATPase. The amino acid substitution found was Ser-347----Phe. Three mutations which impair catalysis but do not cause structural perturbation of either membrane-bound or solubilized F1ATPase were characterized as follows: uncA401, Ser-373----Phe; uncA447, Gly-351----Asp; uncA453, Ser-375----Phe. We predict here that the nucleotide-binding domain of alpha-subunit is formed by the amino acids in the sequence from residue 160 to approximately residue 340. The mutations which cause impairment of catalysis lie in a short segment between residues 347-375 of alpha-subunit, at the C-terminal end of the predicted nucleotide-binding domain. This segment is suggested to be important for beta-alpha-beta intersubunit conformational interaction involved in positive catalytic cooperativity in F1-ATPase.
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PMID:The defective proton-ATPase of uncA mutants of Escherichia coli. Identification by DNA sequencing of residues in the alpha-subunit which are essential for catalysis or normal assembly. 288 25

The mutation Gly-29----Asp in the alpha-subunit of the F1-ATPase from Escherichia coli was characterized and shown to cause the following effects. 1) Oxidative phosphorylation was markedly impaired in vivo 2) Membrane ATPase and ATP-driven proton-pumping activities were decreased markedly. 3) Membranes were proton-permeable, and membrane-bound ATPase was dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-insensitive. Therefore, it appeared that integration between F1 and F0 was abnormal. This was confirmed directly by the demonstration that the mutant F1 bound poorly to stripped membranes from a normal strain. Purified, soluble mutant F1 had normal ATPase activity. These results suggest that residue Gly-29, which is strongly conserved in alpha-subunits of F1-ATPases, lies in a region of the alpha-subunit important for membrane binding. Thus, three regions of the F1-alpha-subunit have now been recognized, specialized for membrane binding, nucleotide binding, and alpha/beta intersubunit signal transmission, respectively. The approximate locations of the three regions are described.
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PMID:A mutation in the alpha-subunit of F1-ATPase from Escherichia coli affects the binding of F1 to the membrane. 289 4

A sequence of 10 amino acids (I-C-S-D-K-T-G-T-L-T) of ion motive ATPases such as Na+/K+-ATPase is similar to the sequence of the beta subunit of H+-ATPases, including that of Escherichia coli (I-T-S-T-K-T-G-S-I-T) (residues 282-291). The Asp (D) residue phosphorylated in ion motive ATPase corresponds to Thr (T) of the beta subunit. This substitution may be reasonable because there is no phosphoenzyme intermediate in the catalytic cycle of F1-ATPase. We replaced Thr-285 of the beta subunit by an Asp residue by in vitro mutagenesis and reconstituted the alpha beta gamma complex from the mutant (or wild-type) beta and wild-type alpha and gamma subunits. The uni- and multisite ATPase activities of the alpha beta gamma complex with mutant beta subunits were about 20 and 30% of those with the wild-type subunit. The rate of ATP binding (k1) of the mutant complex under uni-site conditions was about 10-fold less than that of the wild-type complex. These results suggest that Thr-285, or the region in its vicinity, is essential for normal catalysis of the H+-ATPase. The mutant complex could not form a phosphoenzyme under the conditions where the H+/K+-ATPase is phosphorylated, suggesting that another residue(s) may also be involved in formation of the intermediate in ion motive ATPase. The wild-type alpha beta gamma complex had slightly different kinetic properties from the wild-type F1, possibly because it did not contain the epsilon subunit.
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PMID:A homologous sequence between H+-ATPase (F0F1) and cation-transporting ATPases. Thr-285----Asp replacement in the beta subunit of Escherichia coli F1 changes its catalytic properties. 289 62

Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was used to substitute Asn or Val for residue Asp-242 in the beta-subunit of Escherichia coli F1-ATPase. Asp-242 is strongly conserved in beta-subunits of F1-ATPase enzymes, in a region of sequence which shows homology with numerous nucleotide-binding proteins. By analogy with adenylate kinase (Fry, D.C., Kuby, S.A., and Mildvan, A.S. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 907-911), beta-Asp-242 of F1-ATPase might participate in catalysis through electrostatic effects on the substrate Mg2+ or through hydrogen bonding to the substrate(s); an acid-base catalytic role is also plausible. The substitutions Asn and Val were chosen to affect the charge, hydrogen-bonding ability, and hydrophobicity of residue beta-Asp-242. Both mutations significantly impaired oxidative phosphorylation rates in vivo and membrane ATPase and ATP-driven proton-pumping activities in vitro. Asn-242 was more detrimental than Val-242. Purified soluble mutant F1-ATPases had normal molecular size and subunit composition, and displayed 7% (beta-Asn-242) and 17% (beta-Val-242) of normal specific Mg-ATPase activity. The relative MgATPase activities of both mutant enzymes showed similar pH dependence to normal. Relative MgATPase and CaATPase activities of normal and mutant enzymes were compared at widely varied pMg and pCa. The mutations had little effect on KM MgATP, but KM CaATP was reduced. The data showed that the carboxyl side-chain of beta-Asp-242 is not involved in catalysis either as a general acid-base catalyst or through direct involvement in any protonation/deprotonation-linked mechanism, nor is it likely to be directly involved in liganding to substrate Mg2+ during the reaction. Specificity constants (kcat/KM) for MgATP and CaATP were reduced in both mutant enzymes, showing that the mutations destabilized interactions between the catalytic nucleotide-binding domain and the transition state.
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PMID:Directed mutagenesis of the strongly conserved aspartate 242 in the beta-subunit of Escherichia coli proton-ATPase. 290 40

Troponin I is the actomyosin ATPase inhibitory subunit present in the thin filament regulatory complex. The complete amino acid sequence of crayfish tail muscle troponin I has been determined. The protein is composed of 201 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 23,547. The N terminus is blocked, likely by an acetyl group. Crayfish troponin I shows a rather low (20-25%) sequence identity with vertebrate troponin Is as compared to the 60-82% identity within the vertebrate phylum. Similar to vertebrate cardiac troponin I, crayfish troponin I contains a 30-residue-long N-terminal extension. In crayfish troponin I, this segment bears significant sequence homology with the heavy or light chains of particular myosins. The actin-binding domain of crayfish troponin I, which displays 57% sequence homology with vertebrate troponin Is, possesses 2 unusual trimethyllysine residues. The consensus sequence of this domain in five troponin Is is as follows: D-L-R-G-K-F-X-R*-P-X-L-R*-R*-V, where R+ stands for Arg/Lys, R* for Arg/trimethyllysine, and X for any amino acid residue. Troponin I possesses two Ca2+-dependent interactive sites for troponin C; one partly overlaps with the actin binding domain and is highly conserved, and the other, corresponding to the 30-residue-long segment following the N-terminal extension in vertebrate cardiac and crayfish troponin I, is poorly conserved in the different troponin Is. Troponin I also interacts with troponin T. The consensus sequence for the interacting site on troponin I is as follows: h-D- -X-D- -R+-Y-D-h-E-h, where h stands for a hydrophobic residue, D- for Asp/Glu, R+ for Arg/Lys, and X for any residue. The five troponin Is further possess one more 15-residue-long segment of high sequence identity near the C terminus. Its evolutionary conservation suggests that this domain is involved in protein-protein interaction.
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PMID:Amino acid sequence of crayfish troponin I. 291 73

The recA1 mutation is a single point mutation that replaces glycine 160 of the recA polypeptide with an aspartic acid residue. The mutant recA1 protein has a greatly reduced single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase activity at pH 7.5 compared to the wild-type protein. Interestingly, the recA1 protein does exhibit a vigorous ATPase activity at pH 6.2. To explore the molecular basis of this pH effect, we used site-directed mutagenesis to replace aspartic acid 160 of the recA1 polypeptide with an isosteric, but nonionizing, asparagine residue. The new [Asn160]recA protein catalyzes ATP hydrolysis at pH 7.5 with the same turnover number as the wild-type protein. This result suggests that the activation of the recA1 protein ATPase activity that occurs at pH 6.2 may be due, in part, to neutralization of the negatively charged aspartic acid 160 side chain. Although it is an active single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase, the [Asn160]recA protein is unable to complement a recA deletion in vivo and is unable to carry out the three-strand exchange reaction in vitro. Further examination of ATP hydrolysis (under strand exchange conditions) revealed that the ATPase activity of the [Asn160]recA protein is strongly suppressed in the presence of Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA-binding protein (a component of the strand exchange assay), whereas the ATPase activity of the wild-type recA protein is stimulated by the E. coli protein. To account for these results, we speculate that ATP may induce specific conformational changes in the wild-type recA protein that are essential to the DNA pairing process and that these conformational changes may not occur with the [Asn160]recA protein.
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PMID:Construction of a recombinase-deficient mutant recA protein that retains single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase activity. 296 15

1. ATP gamma P-imidazolidate, synthesized from ATP and carbonyldiimidazole, inhibits the Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum in a biphasic manner. A fast first phase is concentration-dependent while a slower second phase is independent of the inhibitor concentration. 2. The inhibition is calcium- and magnesium-dependent. No inhibition occurs in the absence of either cation. 3. Inhibition of the Ca2+-ATPase can be prevented by the protection with ATP. 4. The loss of ATPase activity is pH-dependent. Maximal inhibition coincides with maximal ATPase activity. It indicates a participation of the reacting amino acid side chain in the catalytic cycle. 5. The incorporation of radioactive inhibitor is reversed in a time-dependent fashion while the Ca2+-ATPase remains inhibited. 6. We conclude that ATP gamma P-imidazolidate initially reacts covalently with an amino acid side chain, probably Asp-351, but is subsequently expelled by a reaction with a second amino acid. 7. This two-step reaction induces an intramolecular cross-link which can be shown by the creation of a new protein band on SDS-PAGE which originates in the Ca2+-ATPase.
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PMID:Calcium-dependent inactivation of the Ca2+-ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum by chemically reactive adenosine triphosphate. 297 Sep 64

The sequences of the first 14 amino acids of the (Na+,K+)-ATPase catalytic subunits from rat kidney (alpha) and rat brain axolemma (alpha(+)) have been determined. They are: (alpha), NH2-Gly-Arg-Asp-Lys-Tyr-Glu-Pro-Ala-Ala-Val-Ser-Glu-His-Gly; (alpha(+)), NH2-Gly-Arg-Glu-Tyr-Ser-Pro-Ala-Ala-Glu-Val-Ala-Glu-Val-Gly. Although they are highly homologous, it is clear these sequences are also sufficiently different to conclude they are the products of different genes, or at least different exons of the same, differentially spliced, gene. Among mammals, the amino terminal sequence of the kidney alpha chain is essentially invariant. Thus this section of the (Na+,K+)-ATPase molecule is more highly conserved in one tissue between several species than between different tissues in the same species. This may reflect upon the difference in function of the alpha and alpha(+) isozymes of (Na+,K+)-ATPase.
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PMID:The catalytic subunits of the (Na+,K+)-ATPase alpha and alpha(+) isozymes are the products of different genes. 299 84

Oligonucleotides deduced from the amino acid sequence of a hexapeptide Lys-Asp-Phe-Ala-Glu-Asn were synthesized and used as probes to screen a pig kidney cDNA library for a specific DNA sequence coding for the alpha-subunit of Na+, K+-ATPase. It was shown that the mixed oligoprobe, consisting of 64 heptadecamers, could be only suitable for mRNA blot analysis. To identify the clones with specific cDNA inserts, mixed oligoprobes were fractionated by HPLC technique. For the same purpose a new set of oligonucleotides, synthesized as four groups of 16 different heptadecamers each, was used.
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PMID:[Problems associated with the use of highly degenerated oligonucleotide probes. Identification of mRNA and cDNA clones corresponding to the gene for the alpha subunit of Na+,K+-ATPase]. 300 92


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