Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.6.1.3 (ATPase)
65,361 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of the anabolic hormone 19-nortestosterone propionate (Superanabolon Spofa) on the metabolism of chronically ischaemic striated muscle (anterior tibial m.) was studied in a described model in the rat. Metabolic changes were estimated in terms of the activities of a number of enzymes in muscle fibres. Enzyme activities (AcP, ATPase, CE, LDH, MDH) were determined both biochemically and histochemically excepting SDH, which was determined only by the histochemical way. Morphological changes were investigated by routine histology. Administration of 19-nortestosterone propionate prevented enzymatic changes which are typical for chronic ischaemia, primarily the decrease in the activities of dehydrogenases of Krebs' cycle tricarboxylic acides (MDH, SDH). In addition, the ratio of red to white muscle fibres increased. Administration of anabolic hormone has a similar favourable action on ischaemic muscle as training, studied previously.
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PMID:The effect of anabolic hormone 19-nortestosterone propionate on the metabolism of striated muscle during experimental ischaemia. 12 62

Human adult lung fragments removed from macroscopically undamaged and anthracosis exempted zones of lungs of 20 pneumonectomies made for cancer, were tested for 25 enzymic activities. The location and intensities of these enzymic activities were different in the lung tissue components; The bronchial epithelia contained highly active LDH, MDH, SDH, NADH-TR and NADPH-TR, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, active hydroxyproline-2-epimerase, alkaline phosphatase. Ca2+-activated ATP-ase, and beta-galactosidase. Bronchial and vascular muscles presented intense activities of LDH, MDH and SDH of alkalinephosphatase, AMP-ase and Ca2+-activated ATP-ase, as well as of beta-galactosidase. The alveolar walls presented high activities of SDH, MDH and LDH, of alkaline and acid phosphatases, of beta-galactosidase and of Tween-40 and 60-esterases, of HEP, cytochrome-oxidase and peroxidase. The free alveolar macrophages were active for LDH, MDH, SDH, NADH-TR and NADPH-TR, G1-6-ph-DH, acid and alkaline phosphatase, cytochrome-oxidase and peroxidase, HEP, AMP-ase and Mg2+-activated ATP-ase, Tween-esterases, naphthol-ASD-acetate esterase, and beta-galactosidase. The endothelia contained high activities of alkaline phosphatase, of AMP-ase and Mg2+-activated ATPase, of LDH, MDH and SDH, and of beta-galactosidase. In bronchial lymphoid nodules it was the LDH, MDH, SDH, cytochrome-oxidase and peroxidase, HEP, alkaline phosphatase and AMP-ase, Tween-60-esterase and beta-galactosidase that were active. The interlobular areas of the lung presented intense activities of SDH, MDH, LDH, HEP and cytochrome-oxidase. The activities of the other tested enzymes were weaker or absent in the adult human lung components, the same as those of aminopeptidases which were present only in some free alveolar macrophages. The discussion of some relationships between these enzymic actitivies and the morphology of the human adult lung tissue asserted that the latter could not be considered as a "normal" tissue but as one overstrained by the components of blood and polluted air.
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PMID:Histoenzymology of the lung. I. Enzyme activities of the lung tissue of acult humans; relationships between structure and functions. 14 Mar 14

The histochemistry of the neural cells was studied in the submandibular ganglia of 5 Callithrix jacchus (3 males and 2 females) and 4 Callithrix penicillata (2 males and 2 females). These cells contain neutral mucopolysaccharides, nucleoproteins and lipidic materia, but are apparently devoid of glycogen. It is impossible to demonstrate in them any reactivity for UDPG-GT, phosphorylases, ATPase at pH 6.3, leucine aminopeptidase and alanyl aminopeptidas. The reaction for the other searched enzymes was as follows: weak (F-1,6-P Ald and cytochrome oxidase), weak to moderate (ADH, 6-P-GDH, ICDH, SDH, MDH, alpha-GPDH and beta-OHBDH), moderate (G-6-PDH, F-1,6-PA, LDH and GDH), moderate to strong (ATPase at pH 7.4, nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase) and strong (G-6-PA, NADH2,-TR, NADPH2-TR, ATPase at pH 8.5 and 9.4 and alkaline phosphatase).
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PMID:Histochemical studies on the submandibular ganglia of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penecillata). 14 13

The histochemistry of the hepatic parenchymal cells was studied in four Callithrix jacchus. A large amount of glycogen was noted throughout the lobules while the UDPG-GT and the phosphorylases were found unevenly distributed by the hepatic strands with different degrees of reactivity. Near the central vein one of the livers showed PAS-positive nuclear corpuscles that were more conspicuous in the hepatic cells with a larger amount of cytoplasmic glycogen and weaker UDPG-GT and phosphorylase reactivities. G-6PA (in a larger amount) and LDH (in a moderate amount) were found evenly distributed in the hepatic strands. F-1-6PA was seen sometimes with a stronger reactivity at the peripheral part of the lobules. The enzymes of the pentose shunt (G-6PDH, 6-PGDH and NADPH-2-TR) reacted strongly and as a rule evenly distributed near the hepatic lobules. Occasionally they reacted more intensely in the row of hepatic cells disposed just around the central vein. Cytochrome oxidase showed a very faint reaction. Cis-aconitase and ICDH were weak or moderate. NADH-2-TR more than SDH more than MDH were seen frequently diffused near the hepatic strands. SDH and MDH in some instances showed a stronger reactivity in the row or group of hepatic cells around the central vein. ATPase at pH 6.3 was negative in the marmoset liver; ATPase at pH 7.4 was mainly found in the wall of the portal area vessels; ATPase at pH 8.5 showed a stronger reactivity in the cytoplasm of the hepatic cells and ATPase at pH 9.4 was more abundant in the bile capillaries. The reactivity of the lipid metabolism enzymes was moderate with regard to alpha-GPDH or negligible with regard to beta-OHBDH. Acid phosphatase showed a stronger reaction, but almost limited to the Kupffer cells. The hepatic cells showed only a moderate amount of RNA. Some enzymes of the protein metabolism, such as GDH and leucine aminopeptidase showed a stronger reactivity while some others, such as alanyl aminopeptidase and MAO, were seen diffused near the hepatic lobules in a small amount. Enzymes of the mucopolysaccharide metabolism were not found at all (beta-glucuronidase) or showed only a weak reactivity, such as xylitol dehydrogenase.
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PMID:Histochemical data on the liver of the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). 16 44

The structure and histochemistry of the palmar and plantar skin were studied in four adult male marmosets (two Callithrix jacchus and two Callithrix penicillata). In this skin there exist well-developed epidermal ridges, to which are attached one or two ducts of sweat glands. A thick stratum corneum can be seen in the epidermis, while a distinct stratum lucidum cannot be isolated from the other layers. The stratum granulosum is constituted by one or three layers of cells containing keratohyalin granules. Melanin granulations are mainly concentrated in the basal cells of the epidermal ridges. Dendritic melanocytes and amelanotic melanocytes containing alkaline phosphatase are found among the epidermal cells. Glycogen, UDPG-GT and phosphorylases are mainly present in the middle and lower Malpighian cells of the epidermal ridges. Alkaline phosphatase, ATPase, alanyl amino-peptidase and leucine aminopeptidase were absent in the epidermal cells. SDH, cytochrome oxidase, MAO and a certain number of NAD-dependent dehydrogenases (LDH, ADH, MDH, alpha-GPDH, beta-OHBDH and GDH) showed a stronger reactivity in the basal cells and Malpighian layer. The NADP-dependent enzymes (G-6-PDH, 6-PGDH, cis-aconistase and ICDH) were more reactive in the upper Malpighian layer and stratum granulosum. The stratum corneum showed some acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase reactivity. The collagenous fibers intertwined with a small number of very thin elastic ones and a larger amount of reticular fibers run almost parallel to the epidermal ridges in the papillary body. In the reticular dermis some fibers are disposed transversely to the epidermal ridges. Meissner corpuscles reactive to butyrylcholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase, nonspecific esterase and G-6-PA are disposed at regular intervals and frequently at each side of the epidermal ridges. Pacinian corpuscles were found only in the hypodermis. The eccrine sweat glands contain glycogen, UDPG-GT and phosphorylase in their secretory, ductal and myoepithelial cells. The secretory part shows a uniform reactivity for every dehydrogenase because it contains only one type of cells (clear cells). The intraepidermal segment of the ducts shows a stronger reactivity to nonspecific esterase and NADP-dependent dehydrogenases than the epithelial cells around it.
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PMID:The skin of the palms and soles of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). 82 86

Some histochemical changes in adult C. sinensis collected from rats infected artificially and treated with pyquiton were observed. 1 h after administration the glycogen content showed a slight decrease which became prominent 24h later and almost disappeared at 48h post-medication. There was an increase in protein content in the parenchymal tissues of worms 1h after treatment, especially in the reproductive organ 24h after treatment. RNA content was decreased 1h post administration and continued decreasing gradually so that very little could be seen 48h later. An increase in the activities of SDH, MDH and Ca-ATPase was seen at the beginning and became marked 24h after medication, while that for G-6-PDH was detected 48h after drug administration. No obvious changes in DNA, lipid, AKP, ACP and phenolase were detected within 1-48h after treatment.
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PMID:[Histochemical changes in Clonorchis sinensis after pyquiton treatment]. 169 37

The changes in histopathology and enzyme histochemistry of thymus induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of sublethal doses of cadmium chloride into Kunming male mice were examined. The swollen endothelium of capillaries was observed, with an obviously decreased activity of ICDH, LDH and ATPase, which seemed to be due to direct inhibition by cadmium at the 4th hour. The necroses of the cortex thymocytes were found at the 8th hour after injection and reached an extreme at the 16-24th hour, while few necroses of the lymphocytes in the medulla. Beginning 4th to 8th hour after exposure, the activity of enzymes was located in mitochondria of the cortex thymocytes, i.e., SDH, ICDH, CCO and ATPase, was decreased gradually. It suggested that thymic cortex had a marked impairment of blood supply and anoxia. Within 2 days after a single injection the cortex of the gland was mainly populated by epithelial reticular cells except a few lymphocytes. It was noted that there were some bigger cells which were characterized by their large size, basophilic cytoplasma, rough chromatin and high mitotic ability and activity of MDH, LDH, G-6-PD increased in these cells. From above observation the author concluded that the cause of cadmium-induced acute thymic atrophy was lymphocyte necroses within thymic cortex. The mechanism of the cortex thymocytes necrosis was possibly secondary to an anoxia of cortex resulting from capillary damage in the cortex. The ability of thymic regeneration is strong after being damaged. The regenerate cells possessed characteristics of morphology and enzyme histochemistry of immature cells, which probably came from the bone marrow.
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PMID:[Changes in histopathology and enzyme histochemistry of thymus in cadmium exposure mice]. 253 4

In vivo administration of L-thyroxine (L-T4) in Anabas testudineus, while significantly stimulated the activities of cytochrome c oxidase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH), inhibited glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), cytosolic and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (cyt. MDH; mit. MDH), and Mg2+ DNP-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Mg2+ ATPase) activities. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and catalase remained unaltered after L-T4 treatment. Administration of protein synthesis inhibitors such as actinomycin D, while significantly inhibited cytochrome oxidase, alpha-GPDH, catalase, SDH, and Mg2+ ATPase activities, did not change LDH, cyt. MDH, and mit. MDH activities. Chloramphenicol injection significantly stimulated cytochrome oxidase, alpha-GPDH, and G-6-PDH activities. Simultaneous injections of actinomycin D or chloramphenicol with 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (L-T3) or L-T4 prevented the effects of thyroid hormones on enzyme activities, when compared to the respective controls.
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PMID:Oxidative metabolism in a teleost, Anabas testudineus Bloch: effect of thyroid hormones on hepatic enzyme activities. 292 Sep 3

The adaptation of human skeletal muscle to endurance training and detraining has been investigated. The following variables were monitored: phenotypic expression of slow and fast isoforms of myofibrillar ATPase, as well as contractile and regulatory proteins, capillary supply and fibre areas, levels of enzymes in the main metabolic pathways and the NADH shuttles. For the latter purpose, several methodological surveys were undertaken. The main findings and conclusions are: Endurance training can induce a transformation of type II (fast-twitch) fibres into myofibrillar ATPase intermediate fibres (IM fibres: types IIC, IIC-IB and IB). Using immunohistochemical techniques, a co-existence of slow and fast isoforms of whole myosin, myosin heavy chains, and myosin lights chains as well as troponin C, T and I components, was demonstrated in the training-induced IM fibres. Furthermore, a co-existence of slow and fast isoforms of myofibrillar ATPase in the IM fibres, can be anticipated from the stainings for myofibrillar ATPase. No neonatal myosin heavy chains could be detected in any of the trained muscle fibres. The IM fibres were intermediate between type I (slow-twitch) and type II also with regard to morphological and metabolic characteristics. Along with other lines of evidence, the occurrence of IM fibres in conjunction with endurance training demonstrates that transformation of fibre type II to type I can occur in response to endurance training. On the basis of findings of a decreased spread of fibre areas among individuals in connection with extensive endurance training, it is suggested that fibre sizes are determined by two conflicting demands: good diffusion conditions and high force development. The existence of a mechanism that can elicit decreases in fibre size, despite extensive use of the fibres, is suggested. The magnitude by which levels of oxidative enzymes and capillary supply are enhanced by endurance training is dependent on both the exercise intensity and the duration. However, if the intensity is below a certain critical point, its inefficiency in stimulating to adaptive changes can not be compensated for by even a very long duration of exercise. The patterns of training-induced increases in CS, MDH and HAD indicate that the levels of these enzymes can be regulated independently. It appears possible that the levels of the malate-aspartate shuttle enzymes can vary in relation to citric acid cycle enzymes depending on the extent to which oxidation of fatty acids contributes to the metabolism. Detraining results in rather rapidly regressing levels of oxidative enzymes and capillary supply.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Plasticity of human skeletal muscle with special reference to effects of physical training on enzyme levels of the NADH shuttles and phenotypic expression of slow and fast myofibrillar proteins. 295 Jul 27

Fetuses were decapitated in one uterine horn in each of 14 sows at 45 d of gestation. Control (C) and decapitated (D) fetuses were removed by Caesarean section from three sows at 65 d of gestation (total of 10 D and 10 C fetuses), two sows at 85 d (six D and six C fetuses) and nine sows at 110 d (nine C and nine D fetuses) of gestation (Exp. 1). In Exp. 2, four to six fetuses were removed from each of two Ossabaw (O) gilts and three crossbred (C, Landrace X Yorkshire) gilts at 70 d of gestation, from three C and O gilts at 90 d of gestation and from three C and two O gilts at 110 d of gestation. In Exp. 1, one semitendinosis muscle was removed for histochemistry, whereas the contralateral muscle was removed and weighed. A medial portion of biceps femoris muscle was removed and used for histochemistry in Exp. 2. In both experiments, transverse sections (cryostat) of muscle were stained for lipid, glycogen (PAS) and the following enzymes: acid ATPase, NADH-TR, NADPH-TR, malate dehydrogenase (NAD- and NADP-dependent reactions; MDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), alpha-glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (with and without NAD; alpha-GPDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD dependent; ICDH), esterase, lipoprotein lipase and lipase. In Exp. 1, body and muscle weights of the two groups were not significantly different (P greater than .05) at 65 d of gestation, whereas D fetuses were smaller and had lighter weight muscles (P less than .05) at 85 d of gestation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Enzyme histochemical studies in an ontogeny study of muscle development in Ossabaw and decapitated fetuses: cellular reactions. 401 46


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