Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.6.1.3 (ATPase)
65,361 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Histochemical localization of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in the salivary glands has unfolded the significant fact that salivary glands are of two types, one being enzymatically negative and the other showing positive activity. Activity of these enzymes has been linked with the operation of glandular dynamics, particularly concerning the synthetic and secretory processes. The enzymes have been seen localized in the core of jaw. Contrary to it they are absent in the papillary and interpapillary zones of the jaw. Absence of esterases in the papillary and interpapillary ductules has been correlated with its possible non-involvement in the synthesis of vasodilating and anticoagulating materials. The experiments on effect of biting on host tissue give a faint indication of vascular dilation due to bite. Likewise, experiments on enzymatic state of a salivary gland after leech-bite reveal that the diminution of the reactive coverage area in the salivary glands reaches its maximum in the case of ATPase, indicating thereby its more involvement in salivary functions than those of esterases and acid phosphatase.
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PMID:Studies on the host-parasite interaction and role of esterases during biting of the Indian cattle leech, Poecilobdella granulosa. 13 92

Oral heavy water (D20) administration and enzymatic changes were studied in rat testis. D20 caused marked gradual decrease in the weight of the body as well as the testes throughout the treatment interval ranging from 1 to 6 weeks. Following D20 oral administration, an overall marked fall in the activity of acid phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase was seen. However,, the activity of lactic and succinic dehydrogenases, alkaline posphatase, and adenosine triphosphatase increased following treatment. These results suggest on altered metabolism of the testes in response to D20 administration and corroborate the view that biological systems do discriminate between hydrogen and deuterium.
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PMID:Oral D2O administration and enzymatic changes in rat testis. 13 64

A procedure was developed for the analytical isolation of brush border and basal lateral plasma membranes of intestinal epithelial cells. Brush border fragments were collected by low speed centrifugation, disrupted in hypertonic sorbitol, and subjected to density gradient centrifugation for separation of plasma membranes from nuclei and core material. Sucrase specific activity in the purified brush border plasma membranes was increased fortyfold with respect to the initial homogenate. Basal lateral membrane were harvested from the low speed supernatant and resolved from other subcellular components by equilibrium density gradient centrifugation. Recovery of Na, K-ATPase activity was 94%, and 61% of the recovered activity was present in a single symmetrical peak. The specific activity of Na, K-ATPase was increased twelvefold, and it was purified with respect to sucrase, succinic dehydrogenase, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, nonspecific esterase, beta-glucuronidase, DNA, and RNA. The observed purification factors are comparable to results reported for other purification procedures, and the yield of Na, K-ATPase is greater by a factor of two than those reported for other procedures which produce no net increase in the Na, K-ATPase activity. Na, K-ATPase rich membranes are shown to originate from the basal lateral plasma membranes by the patterns of labeling that were produced when either isolated cells or everted gut sacs were incubated with the slowly permeating reagent 35S-p-(diazonium)-benzenesulfonic acid. In the former case subsequently purified Na, K-ATPase rich and sucrase rich membranes are labeled to the same extent, while in the latter there is a tenfold excess of label in the sucrase rich membranes. The plasma membrane fractions were in both cases more heavily labeled than intracellular protein. Alkaline phosphatase and calcium-stimulated ATPase were present at comparable levels on the two aspects of the epithelial cell plasma membrane, and 25% of the acid phosphatase activity was present on the basal lateral membrane, while it was absent from the brush border membrane. Less than 6% of the total Na, K-ATPase was present in brush border membranes.
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PMID:Analytical isolation of plasma membranes of intestinal epithelial cells: identification of Na, K-ATPase rich membranes and the distribution of enzyme activities. 13 16

Rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis were observed to have increased alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase (two isozymes), and ATPase activity in the radial zone of articular cartilage, at the osteochondral junction, and in the bone marrow elements. A qualitative and quantitative reduction azure A, PAS colloidal iron, alcian blud critical electrolyte concentration staining (0.4 and 0.9 M (mg Cl2) was also observed in corresponding areas. These findings suggest the degradation of the articular cartilage matrix with possible simultaneous or resultant calcification.
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PMID:Histochemical investigation of adjuvant-induced arthritis. 13 70

Ultrastructural and ultracytochemical features of the uterine tube (oviduct) infundibulum were studied in 8 Hereford cows, which were slaughtered in pairs on days 1 (estrus), 3, 9 or 10, and 18 of the estrous cycle. Fibrous granules (60 to 80 nm), which are supposedly related to basal body replication, were observed in the apical cytoplasm of ciliated cells. Close association between basal bodies and fibrous granules was apparent, especially during the follicular phase. Cilia were observed throughout of estrous cycle, although degeneration of cilia was not observed at any phase of the cycle. Prominent, striated rootlets were observed during both the follicular and luteal phases of the cycle. Maximum secretory cell differentiation was apparent during the follicular phase, at which time these cells were characterized by having a well-developed, rough endoplasmic reticulum with dilated cisternae, numerous ribosomes, and secretory granules of varied size and density. A prominent feature of the secretory granules was their membranous structure, consisting of concentric lamellae of equal dimensions. During the luteal phase, cytoplasmic protrusions were prominent, and extruded nuclei along with other cytoplasmic organelles were present in the tubal lumen. The presence of a well-developed, rough endoplasmic reticulum and numerous secretory granules during the follicular phase indicates that secretory activity of the uterine tube infundibulum may be stimulated by estrogen. During estrus, the cytoplasm of the stromal cells displayed abundant, rough endoplasmic reticulum with dilated cisternae. The increased and extensively dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum at the time of estrus probably indicates increased protein synthesis by the stromal cells. The presence of adenosine triphosphatase activity on the membrane of cilia suggests that this enzyme is involved in energy-forming reactions related to the vigorous action of cilia. The presence of acid phosphatase activity on the cell membrane of the epithelium, microvilli, and secretory granules may indicate involvement in the secretory mechanism of the cell.
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PMID:Ultrastructural and ultracytochemical cyclic changes in the bovine uterine tube (oviduct) epithelium. 13 17

Cells of sarcoma 180 and of Ehrlich's carcinoma were maintained by serial transplantation in male and female Swiss mice. Either estrogen, progesterone, or testosterone were injected im at doses of 1 mg/mouse. Ascitic fluid was aspirated at intervals of 1, 3, 6, 24, and 48 hours following hormone injections. Enzyme activities were analyzed by subjective grading according to the intensity of staining reaction. Estrogen produced enhancement of alkaline phosphatase activity in both types of cells in both sexes of mice. Progesterone produced increased alkaline phosphatase activity in both types of cells from female hosts but an inhibitory effect in male hosts' cells. Testosterone produced no change in enzyme activity in tumor cells of female hosts but in male hosts it inhibited enzyme activity of sarcoma 180 cells and activated activity in carcinoma cells. The effect of all 3 hormones on acid phosphatase activity was activation. With adenosine triphosphatase, estrogen stimulated the activity in both types of tumor in both sexes. Progesterone stimulated cells from male hosts with little or no effect on cells from female hosts. This enzyme was resistant to testosterone. Succinate dehydrogenase activity under similar conditions was different. Estrogen reduced this activity and progesterone produced some inhibition of activity. Testosterone inhibited the sarcoma cells but had no effect on carcinoma cells of either sex. Others have shown that sex hormones affect the enzyme activities beyond the target tissues, particularly in the liver, kidney, and pancreas. Different responses of the enzymes seemed to depend on the endogenous hormonal status of the mice.
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PMID:Enzymatic responses of transplanted tumour cells towards estrogen, progesterone and testosterone. 13 8

Ultrastructural studies on the Malpighian tubules of Glomeris marginata (Villers) reveal considerable morphological differences between the upper, fluid secreting, segment, and the lower segment which is at present of unknown function. Previous reports have shown that the upper tubule has a high permeability to compounds of high molecular weight. This may be accounted for by the fact that the epithelium shows very extensive intercellular spaces which are linked directly to junctions apparently specialised to provide a low resistance extracellular pathway between the haemocoel and the tubule lumen. Histochemical studies on the localisation of phosphatase enzymes reveal intracellular vesicles with acid phosphatase activity. The basal labyrinth of the lower tubule exhibits considerable alkaline phosphatase activity which is apparently identical in location to the enzyme revealed by two different ATPase localisation techniques.
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PMID:Ultrastructural studies on the Malpighian tubule of the pill millipede, Glomeris marginata (villers). 14 32

A cytochemical study of the amoeboid microglial cells in the brain of the neonatal rat has shown that these vacuolated cells exhibit strong acid phosphatase, aryl sulphatase and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activities. Endogenous peroxidase, however, was not present. With the electron microscope the reaction product of acid phosphatase was found to be localized in some of the Golgi cisternae, in the majority of the electron-dense secretory granules, and in an occasional long tubular profile. The secretory granules were not uniformly stained for this enzyme, some showing only a focal reaction or none at all. The distribution of the activity of aryl sulphatase corresponded to that of acid phosphatase except that all the granules appeared to contain the former enzyme. With the light microscope the amoeboid microglial cells were intensely stained for ATPase. From these observations it was concluded that amoeboid microglia are active phagocytes and their enzyme-rich secretory granules are lysosomes.
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PMID:Light and electron microscopic demonstration of some lysosomal enzymes in the amoeboid microglia in neonatal rat brain. 14 73

The histochemistry of the neural cells was studied in the submandibular ganglia of 5 Callithrix jacchus (3 males and 2 females) and 4 Callithrix penicillata (2 males and 2 females). These cells contain neutral mucopolysaccharides, nucleoproteins and lipidic materia, but are apparently devoid of glycogen. It is impossible to demonstrate in them any reactivity for UDPG-GT, phosphorylases, ATPase at pH 6.3, leucine aminopeptidase and alanyl aminopeptidas. The reaction for the other searched enzymes was as follows: weak (F-1,6-P Ald and cytochrome oxidase), weak to moderate (ADH, 6-P-GDH, ICDH, SDH, MDH, alpha-GPDH and beta-OHBDH), moderate (G-6-PDH, F-1,6-PA, LDH and GDH), moderate to strong (ATPase at pH 7.4, nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase) and strong (G-6-PA, NADH2,-TR, NADPH2-TR, ATPase at pH 8.5 and 9.4 and alkaline phosphatase).
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PMID:Histochemical studies on the submandibular ganglia of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penecillata). 14 13

The thoracic muscles of Drosophila melanogaster can be classified into two classes, the fibrillar and the tubular muscles, on morphological grounds. Histochemical techniques were used to characterize these two classes of muscle according to their content of various enzymes (alpha-glycerophosphate, NAD-dependent isocitrate, malate and succinate dehydrogenases, fumarase, acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and acetylcholinesterase) and of glycogen. These investigations showed that the two muslces types are histochemically very different and, further, that the morphologically similar tubular muscles are heterogeneous with respect to their enzyme content. In particular, the tergal depressor of the trochanter of the second leg, the largest of the tubular muslces, has considerably less of all the enzymes studied, with the exception of acetylcholinesterase, than all the other tubular muscles examined. The histochemical techniqes were also used to follow the changes in enzyme levels that occur during development of the indirect flight muscle fibres. All the enzymes that are present in adult flight muslces showed an increase in staining intensity throughout muscle development. Some minor differences were observed in the time of appearance and rate of increase of intensity of the different enzymes.
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PMID:A histochemical study of the muscles of Drosophila melanogaster. 14 43


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