Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.6.1.3 (ATPase)
65,361 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are one of the environmental toxicants and neurotoxic compounds which induce the production of free radicals leading to oxidative stress. Membrane proteins that control ion gradients across organellar and plasma membranes appear to be particularly susceptible to oxidation induced changes. Melatonin plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases as an antioxidant and neuroprotector. The aim of this study was to determine the protective role of melatonin on PCB (Aroclor 1254) induced changes in activities of membrane bound ATPases and acetylcholine esterase in selected brain regions of adult rats. Group I: rats intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered corn oil (vehicle) for 30 days. Group II: rats injected i.p. with Aroclor 1,254 (PCB) at 2mg/kg bw/day for 30 days. Groups III and IV: rats intraperitoneally received melatonin (5 or 10mg/kg bw/day) simultaneously with Aroclor 1,254 for 30 days. Groups V and VI: rats intraperitoneally received melatonin (5 or 10mg/kg bw/day) alone for 30 days. After 30 days, rats were sacrificed and the brain regions were dissected to cerebral cortex (Cc), cerebellum (C) and hippocampus (H). Lipid peroxidation (LPO), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), hydroxyl radical (OH) and the activities of Na(+)K(+) ATPase, Ca(2+) ATPase, Mg(2+) ATPase and acetyl cholinesterase were determined. Reduced glutathione (GSH) level was also determined. Melatonin levels in serum was measured by enzyme labeled immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Activities of all the enzymes and GSH level were decreased while an increase in H(2)O(2), OH and LPO were observed in brain regions of PCB treated animals. Melatonin levels in serum was decreased in PCB exposed animals. Exogenous melatonin supplementation retrieved all the parameters, significantly. These results suggest that PCB alters membrane bound ATPases and cholinergic function by inducing oxidative stress in brain regions, which can be protected by melatonin.
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PMID:Protective role of melatonin on PCB (Aroclor 1,254) induced oxidative stress and changes in acetylcholine esterase and membrane bound ATPases in cerebellum, cerebral cortex and hippocampus of adult rat brain. 1855 35

In the present study, we examined the supplementation of paeonol extracted from Moutan cortex of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews (MC) or the root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall (PL) on reducing oxidative stress, cognitive impairment and neurotoxicity in d-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging mice. The ICR mice were subcutaneously injected with D-gal (50 mg/(kg day)) for 60 days and administered with paeonol (50, 100 mg/(kg day)) simultaneously. The results showed that paeonol significantly improved the learning and memory ability in Morris water maze test and step-down passive avoidance test in D-gal-treated mice. Further investigation showed that the effect of paeonol on improvement of cognitive deficit was related to its ability to inhibit the biochemical changes in brains of D-gal-treated mice. Paeonol increased acetylcholine (Ach) and glutathione (GSH) levels, restored superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Na(+), K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (Na(+), K(+)-ATPase) activities, but decreased cholinesterase AChe activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in D-gal-treated mice. Furthermore, paeonol ameliorated neuronal damage in both hippocampus and temporal cortex in D-gal-treated mice. These results suggest that paeonol possesses anti-aging efficacy and may have potential in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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PMID:Paeonol attenuates neurotoxicity and ameliorates cognitive impairment induced by d-galactose in ICR mice. 1900 42

The amelioration effect of dietary high protein and vitamin C against stress was evaluated in spotted murrel, Channa punctatus, exposed to endosulfan. Two hundred and forty fish (average weight: 27.01 g/fish), distributed equally into 4 different groups (control, T(1), T(2), and T(3)), each with 6 replicates were fed with control (40% crude protein, CP and 0.1% vitamin C), T(1) (40% CP and 0.1% vitamin C), T(2) (50% CP and 0.1% vitamin C), and T(3) (50% CP and 0.2% vitamin C) diets for 90 days. Groups fed T(1), T(2), and T(3) diets were exposed to sublethal endosulfan concentration, whereas the control was maintained without endosulfan exposure. Results indicated significant reduction in the growth performance, survival, and activities of lactate dehydrogenase (liver and muscle), malate dehydrogenase (liver and muscle), enzymes of protein metabolism (aspartate amino transferase in liver and alanine amino transferase in liver and muscle), acetyl choline esterase (brain), alkaline phosphatase activity (liver), and ATPase (gill) enzymes of group fed control diet and exposed to endosulfan. However, endosulfan exposed fish fed high CP and vitamin C diet exhibited significant (P<0.05) improvement in their growth performance and metabolic enzyme activities. Further, high CP and vitamin C diet reduced endosulfan accumulation in the muscle. Overall results indicate that vitamin C (0.2%) supplementation in high CP (50%) diet improves growth, metabolism, and reduce endosulfan bioaccumulation in C. punctatus.
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PMID:Dietary high protein and vitamin C mitigates endosulfan toxicity in the spotted murrel, Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793). 1932 96

Accidents caused by lionfish (Pterios volitans) envenomation are characterized by edema, intense pain, and necrosis at the site of sting. The mode of action and biochemistry of venoms are obviously complex and require a better knowledge and investigation to explore the toxic action and resulting biochemical changes. In the present study the LD(50) value of lionfish venom was found to be 42.5 mug/kg body weight (intraperitoneal injection) in Albino Swiss mice and was associated with reduced motor activity and asphyxiation followed by respiratory failure. The effect on vital organs revealed spongiosis in brain, vascular congestion in liver, cloudy swelling of renal tubules, congested blood vessels in renal tubules, and degeneration of myofibrils in heart. Whereas, the 10% of LD(50) (was 4.25 mug/kg b.w.), the sublethal dose showed reversible changes in the hematological (blood cell count, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and platelet count) parameters, serum enzymes (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine phosphokinase), blood sugar, urea, creatinine, triglycerides, cholesterol, and total protein in mouse in vivo. The in vitro analysis of lionfish venom on mouse brain acetyl cholinesterase and Na(+), K(+), ATPase showed significant increased activity in a dose-dependent manner (10 to 40 mug). Moreover, the lionfish venom was observed to have a protease with a molecular weight of 45 kDa. Hence, the present study suggests the presence of bioactive proteins and peptides with excellent target specificity, which could be trapped for drug development in near future.
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PMID:In vivo and in vitro characterization of the biochemical and pathological changes induced by lionfish (pterios volitans) venom in mice. 2002 Sep 95

The present study was undertaken to establish mode of action, comparative therapeutic efficacy and safety evaluation of N-acetyl cysteine and dithiothreitol against acute dimethylmercury poisoning in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley albino rats (150 +/- 10 g) were randomly divided into six groups. Group 1 served as control. Group 2-4 were administered dimethylmercury (10 mg/kg, p.o.) once only and group 2 served as experimental control. Animals of group 3 and 4 were received N-acetyl cysteine and dithiothreitol. Compared to the control, significant increase (p < or = 0.05) was observed in the activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lipid peroxidation level and mercury ion concentration, however reduced glutathione, catalase, adenosine triphosphatase, acetyl cholinesterase (in brain only) were also decreased. It was concluded that N-acetyl cysteine provided maximum protection when compared with dithiothreitol group.
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PMID:Protective role of thiol chelators against dimethylmercury induced toxicity in male rats. 2040 49

Omega-3 fatty acids were used in the treatment of psychiatric diseases such as bipolar disorder. Na(+), K(+)-ATPase is also a well-known target for these fatty acids. In this study, we investigated the impact of cod-liver oil (CLO), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on Na(+), K(+)-ATPase, cholinesterase activities, the levels of norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine in different regions of rat brain. Our results showed that DHA caused a significant depression in cerebellum Na(+), K( +)-ATPase, whereas CLO activated it. In addition, CLO, EPA and DHA produced a significant activation in Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity in medulla, midbrain and hypothalamus. There were non-significant changes in the activity of cholinesterase enzyme in cerebellum and medulla, while in midbrain and hypothalamus the CLO, DHA and EPA enhanced the activity by 75%, 100% and 78%, respectively. The content of NE in hypothalamus showed slight increase in different regions of the brain of animals fed CLO, DHA or EPA. In conclusion, CLO, DHA or EPA supplementation had a beneficial effect that associated with a normalization of fatty acids incorporation into phospholipid membranes and a partial restoration of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity, suggesting that CLO supplementation may improve fatty acid composition and moderately enhance Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity.
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PMID:Modulatory effect of cod-liver oil on Na(+)-K(+) ATPase in rats' brain. 2048 54

Hydrostatic pressure elevated to 500 kPa for 14 days was found to affect hepatic 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), oxidized protein (POx), protein yield and branchial Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase. No effect on glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxidase dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lipid peroxidation (LP), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), condition factor (K) and hepato-somatic index (I(H)) was encountered.
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PMID:The effect of elevated hydrostatic pressure upon selected biomarkers in juvenile blackspot seabream Pagellus bogaraveo in a 14 day-long experiment. 2064 52

In the present investigation neurotoxic effects of lindane and the protective potential of a combination of antioxidants against lindane-induced toxicity were evaluated in Swiss mice. The investigation was carried out on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activities of the cerebellum and pons-medulla oblongata. Healthy mice, 7-8 weeks old were administered acute dose of lindane (40 mg/kg b.w.), antioxidants, both lindane and antioxidants, and vehicle in four separate groups, subcutaneously. Resveratrol (Res), ascorbic acid (C), alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) and vitamin E (E) were used in the combination for neuroprotection at the concentration of 5 mg/kg b.w., 50 mg/kg b.w., 20 mg/kg b.w. and 50 mg/kg b.w. respectively. Enzymatic activities were used as biochemical marker for manifestation of lindane-induced acute toxicity. Protective effects of antioxidants were also evaluated using the same parameters. Treatment of lindane to normal control animals resulted in a significant decrease in AChE, BChE and ATPase levels in crude homogenates of cerebellum and pons-medulla. Antioxidants treatment significantly increased the levels of enzymes. Critical difference (CD) of AChE, BChE and ATPase levels in various groups was found significant at 1% in cerebellum and pons-medulla both (i.e. P<0.01).
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PMID:Augmentation of cholinesterases and ATPase activities in the cerebellum and pons-medulla oblongata, by a combination of antioxidants (resveratrol, ascorbic acid, alpha-lipoic acid and vitamin E), in acutely lindane intoxicated mice. 2066 16

The purpose of the present study is to provide information on the current state of knowledge regarding the effects of pesticides and antibiotics used in aquaculture on penaeid shrimp, one of the most common aquatic products for human consumption, with a special emphasis on the use of behavioral, physiological, and biochemical response. These include behavior; feeding rate changes; respiration rate, oxygen consumption, and osmoregulation alterations; nucleic acids, protein, and glycogen synthesis; cholinesterase activity inhibition; ATPase activity; and oxidative stress responses. This paper also deals with residues of antibiotics and pesticides in penaeid shrimp. Antibiotics and pesticides used in aquaculture may have adverse effects on treated animals and human consumers health if they are not correctly used. As a complement to the measurement of antibiotic and pesticide residues in tissues, the use of behavioral and biomarker responses can provide more relevant biological information on the potential adverse effects of antibiotics and pesticides on penaeid shrimp health.
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PMID:Effects of pesticides and antibiotics on penaeid shrimp with special emphases on behavioral and biomarker responses. 2082 23

Toxicity of organophosphorus insecticides is mainly due to the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, but, oxidative stress may be involved in the toxicity of this pesticides. Therefore, it was investigated whether diazinon, a commonly used organophosphate, may induce oxidative stress and cholinesterase inhibition in different tissues of Cyprinus carpio. Sublethal concentrations of diazinon (0.0036, 0.018 and 0.036ppb) were administired to C. carpio L. for 5, 15 and 30 days. The study was made by measuring biochemical stress responses of C. carpio L. spectrophotometrically taking into account acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Na(+)K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (Na(+)K(+)-ATPase) and other antioxidant enzyme activities, as well as malondialdehyde and protein contents in gill, muscle and kidney tissues of the fish. Results of the study suggest that AChE (in gill and muscle tissues) and Na(+)K(+)-ATPase (in muscle and kidney tissues) activities decreased; that antioxidant enzymes, in particular superoxide dismutase (SOD), increased in gill, kidney and muscle tissues. We also observed the existence of a protective function of antioxidant enzymes against lipid peroxidation in muscle tissue. The changes in MDA content varied between increases and decreases in kidney tissue. In gill tissue, however, lipid peroxidation could not be prevented despite induction of SOD and glutathione peroxidase activities. We could see that the protein content decreased only in gill tissue as diazinon dosage was gradually increased until the 15th day of the experiment. During the period between 15th and the 30th days, the protein level in the fish was observed to have reached to that of the control group. This change in protein level can be attributed to adjustment of the fish to its new environmental conditions. Considering most of the parameters in tissues, it can be stated that diazinon exerted its effect at low concentration and during a long period of time, and its toxicity increased dose dependently. This study reveals that C. carpio developed tissue-specific adaptive response to neutralize the oxidative stress following pesticide exposure depending on different antioxidant levels in tissues and that SOD can be used as a biomarker in determining diazinon toxicity due to its early response at even low concentration levels.
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PMID:Evaluation of oxidative stress responses and neurotoxicity potential of diazinon in different tissues of Cyprinus carpio. 2178 36


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