Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.6.1.3 (ATPase)
65,361 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human erythrocyte ghosts were solubilized in a low ionic strength medium containing 1% Triton X-100 and subjected to electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels containing Triton X-100. Five major bands were stained with Coomassie Blue, all except one band being heterogenous when re-electrophoresed in gels containing sodium dodecyl sulphate. It was possible to detect acetylcholinesterase, non-specific esterase, ATPase, alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aldolase activities on the Triton-containing polyacrylamide gels. Two of the enzymes, ATPase and 5'-nucleotidase, showed substantial inhibition by Triton X-100 in quantitative studies. This appears to be a useful method for studying membrane enzymes in normal and pathological red cells.
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PMID:Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of human erythrocyte membrane enzymes solubilized with triton X-100. 89 Sep 65

Myelin and a heavy membrane fraction (1.0/1.2 fraction) were isolated from rabbit white matter by a slight modification of the procedure for bovine CNS. The specific activities of acetylcholinesterase and Na+, K+-ATPase were higher in the 1.0/1.2 fraction than in myelin. In contrast, the cerebroside content and 2'3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase activity in the 1.0/1.2 fraction were 4.5 and 3.4 times lower than in myelin. Total lipids accounted for only 30% of the 1.0/1.2 fracton's dry weight; for myelin, they represented 70%. Polacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed the presence of many high molecular weight proteins and glycoproteins in the 1.0/1.2 fraction but myelin components were practically missing. Cytochrome c oxidase and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activities suggested about 15% contamination in the 1.0/1.2 fraction but less than 5% for myelin. In electron micrographs of the 1.0/1.2 fraction, there were many membraneous profiles that varied in size, some mitochondrial fragments, and only a few lamellar whorls of compact myelin. The results suggest that the 1.0/1.2 fraction is different from other myelin-related fractions and is probably enriched in axolemma.
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PMID:Characterization of two subcellular fractions isolated from myelinated axons. 91 42

1. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis was used for extensive characterization of individual proteins of human erythrocyte membranes solubilized in non-ionic detergent. 2. The precipitates were assigned to extrinsic or intrinsic proteins. 3. Four glycoproteins were identified by their lectin binding behaviour, whilst five proteins were affected by neuraminidase, indicating them to be sialoglycoproteins. 4. Enzymatic activity is retained in the solubilized system and the presence of acetylcholinesterase and an ATPase was demonstrated. The formation of phosphorylated membrane proteins on incubation with [32P]ATP was demonstrated by autoradiography on the immunoelectrophoresis plates. 5. Five proteins located on the outer cell surface were identified by antibody binding to intact cells. These same proteins were degraded by proteolytic enzymes in intact cells but only three of them were labelled by lactoperoxidase-catalysed 125I-iodination. 6. Analysis of erythrocyte membrane proteins using quantitive immunoelectrophoresis yields results concordant with those obtained by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
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PMID:The immunochemical approach to the characterization of membrane proteins. Human erythrocyte membrane proteins analysed as a model system. 99 Mar 30

We investigated the effects of eserine and ouabain on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (B.B.B.) as related to the febrile response induced with LPS in rabbit. Results are as follows; The febrile response induced by LPS (0.02 and 1.0 mug/kg) i.v. was suppressed by administration of ouabain (0.06 mg/kg, i.v.). Contrary to the febrile response of LPS given i.c. (10(-4) and 10(-3) mug/kg), the febrile response was not suppressed with the same dose of ouabain. The pyrogenicity of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) withdrawn at two hours after rabbits had been injected with LPS (25 mug/kg) was suppressed by ouabain (0.06 mg/kg, i.v.). Pyrogenic response was enhanced by pretreatment with eserine (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) given one hr before LPS (1 mug/kg, i.v.). The pyrogenicity of CSF was also potentiated to a greater extent by pretreatment of eserine than with LPS alone. In the eserinized rabbit (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.), the pyrogenicity of CSF was potentiated to a greater extent by ACh (10 mug/kg, i.v.) than by LPS (1 mug/kg, i.v.) alone. From these data, it is concluded that the inhibition of Na, K-ATPase by ouabain decreases the pyrogenicity of LPS, while the inhibition of cholinesterase by eserine enhances the pyrogenicity.
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PMID:[Effects of eserine and ouabain on the febrile reaction induced by lipopolysaccharide]. 103 14

1. The subcellular distribution of binding sites for 125I-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin was studied in rat cerebral cortex. Primary fractions showing higher specific activity than homogenate were P2 (crude mitochondria and nerve endings) and P3-P2 was subfractionated on a Ficoll gradient with the P2B (nerve ending) subfraction exhibiting the greatest recovery (65%) and enrichment of toxin binding. Toxin binding showed a distribution similar to that of acetylcholinesterase, choline acetyltransferase, and sodium and potassium ion-activated ATPase. 2. P2B and P3 were subfractionated on five-step discontinuous sucrose gradients. The highest specific activity of toxin binding and acetylcholinesterase was associated with fractions of relatively low buoyant density, while choline acetyltransferase activity was associated with fractions of higher density. 3. Toxin binding, acetylcholinesterase, and choline acetyltransferase activities were relatively high in olfactory lobes, cerebral cortex, thalamic region, caudate nucleus, and brain stem; intermediate in hippocampus; low in cerebellum. 4. The relationship of toxin binding to the putative acetylcholine receptor in brain is discussed.
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PMID:Subcellular and regional distribution of 125I-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin binding in rat brain and its relationship to acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase. 115 70

A procedure is described for the isolation of synaptic membrane fragments that retain such functionally important proteins as acetylcholine receptors, acetylcholinesterase, 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, and (Na+ + K+)-ATPase. The method is based on the observation, made in brain slices, that junctional membranes are more resistant to phospholipase A2 attack than mitochondrial or plasma membranes. Hydrolysis by phospholipase A2 was controlled by addition of fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin. The membrane fraction obtained represents approximately a 15-fold enrichment of the postsynaptic marker proteins muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase over an ordinary synaptic plasma membrane preparation, and is devoid of mitochondrial and microsomal contaminations. The membranes appear on the electron micrographs as rigid fragments (average length 2500-4000A), which do not form vesicles.
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PMID:Isolation of a synaptic membrane fraction enriched in cholinergic receptors by controlled phospholipase A2 hydrolysis of synaptic membranes. 125 6

Previous studies have shown that iodoarachidonates (IAs) prevent goiter production in rats. In the present studies we show that both IL-d and IL-w (IAs bearing the iodine atom at the positions 6 and 14, respectively), cause a significant involution of preformed goiter. This effect was evident when IAs were administered either orally or via i.p., although the first one required larger doses to obtain the same degree of inhibition. No changes were observed in serum protein, urea, cholesterol, cholinesterase, T3 or T4. In vitro studies with FRTL-5 cells showed that both IAs inhibit iodide and alpha-AIB uptake, as well as ATPase activity.
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PMID:Further studies on the antigoitrogenic action of iodoarachidonates. 128 29

Experimental infection of hamsters with Leishmania donovani caused visceral leishmaniasis in which hematological changes occurred. The infected hamsters were anemic and reticulocyte counts were high. No significant change in the serum erythropoietin level was noted. Red cell membrane Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase activities increased. Osmotic fragility of the erythrocytes from infected animals increased. The level of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate of the red cells increased with the degree of anemia.
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PMID:Anemia in experimental visceral leishmaniasis in hamsters. 131 Jul 31

Four different oil-based diets were used in a feeding study involving rats to assess the relationship between the fatty acid composition of the dietary fat and its influence on erythrocyte membrane (EM) lipid composition and the activities of membrane-bound enzymes. Nutritionally adequate diets containing 20% groundnut (GNO), coconut (CO), safflower (SO), or mustard oil (MO) were fed to weanling CFY rats for 4 months. EMs were analyzed for total cholesterol, phospholipids, fatty acid profiles, and sialic acid content. Activities of membrane-bound enzymes such as Na+, K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), Mg(2+)-ATPase, Ca2+, Mg(2+)-ATPase, and acetylcholinesterase were also assayed. The activities of all membrane-bound enzymes, except Mg(2+)-ATPase, and sialic acid content were higher in the MO-fed group than in the rest of the groups. Ca2+, Mg(2+)-ATPase activity was distinctly lower in the SO-fed group than in the other groups. Cholesterol to phospholipid molar ratio was similar in all the groups. However, SO- and MO-fed groups displayed an increased cholesterol content and a higher degree of unsaturation in the membrane fatty acid composition. The higher membrane fatty acid unsaturation in the SO-fed group was principally due to linoleic (18:2) and arachidonic (20:4) acids, while in the MO-fed group it was mainly due to oleic (18:1), eicosenoic (20:1), erucic (22:1), and linoleic (18:2) acids. These results suggest a relationship between the quality of dietary fat, EM fatty acyl composition, and the activities of membrane-bound enzymes.
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PMID:Effect of dietary fats on erythrocyte membrane lipid composition and membrane-bound enzyme activities. 131 27

The antimalarial drug chloroquine is found to inhibit Na+, K(+)-ATPase, Ca2+, Mg(2+)-ATPase, Ca(2+)-ATPase, pNPPase and acetylcholinesterase activities in different organs of rat in vivo when injected for a certain periods of time. The inhibition seems to be due to the changes in the level of phospholipid, cholesterol and the fatty acid of the lipid and the alteration of the fluidity of the microsomal membranes. However, the enzyme activities return to the normal level in about 2-3 weeks after the discontinuation of the drug suggesting that the drug effect is reversible.
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PMID:The in vivo inhibition of transport enzyme activities by chloroquine in different organs of rat is reversible. 133 12


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