Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.6.1.3 (ATPase)
65,361 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Red cell metabolism (RCM) was examined in 63 patients with severe and complicated meningococcal infection and purulent meningitis of another etiology. There were complex pathobiochemical shifts with changes in glycolysis (in activity of lactate dehydrogenase, piruvatkinase, in the amount of piruvate, lactate and 2,3-DPG), antioxidant status (in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase), Mg+2, Na+, K(+)-dependent ATPase. Primary depression of red cell metabolism changed for compensatory activation for hypoxia adaptation in clinical improvement. RCM disturbance coincided with emergence of early complications and reached maximum in lethal outcome. Pathogenetic and clinical implications of RCM in meningococcal infection and purulent meningitis are described.
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PMID:[The enzyme activity and pyruvate, lactate and 2,3-DPG levels in the erythrocytes of patients with severe forms of meningococcal infection and suppurative meningitis]. 877 62

The aim of this study was to better characterize rabbit proximal kidney tubule cells cultured on collagen IV-coated porous inserts, as compared to the same cells seeded in standard plastic wells. Total protein contents in confluent monolayers on permeable membranes were about twofold higher than those measured in confluent cultures in plastic wells. Microscopy examinations suggested that such a difference was probably due to a higher cell density and to an impressive development of the apical brush-border membrane. Moreover, measurement of unidirectional transport of p-aminohippuric acid and tetraethylammonium bromide confirmed the high polarization level of cultures on porous inserts. Results of methyl(alpha-D-[U-14C]glyco)pyranoside uptake suggested that cell phenotype was probably influenced by culture conditions. Analysis of different markers as a function of time in culture showed decreases of alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activities as well as increases in LDH, ATP, and glutathione levels, similar to those formerly reported for cells cultured in standard plastic plates. However, comparative data from 6-d-old monolayers have shown that AP, GGT, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, glutathione reductase (GRED), and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPX) activities were 2.8-, 2.6-, 1.6-, 1.2-, and 2.1-fold, respectively, better preserved on precoated permeable membranes. On the other hand, this paper reports for the first time in the literature that GRED and SE-GPX, two phase II detoxification enzymes, were well maintained in cultures of rabbit proximal kidney tubule cells. Our results show that culturing rabbit proximal kidney tubule cells on collagen IV-coated porous membranes was accompanied by an improvement of both morphological and biochemical properties of the cells.
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PMID:Morphological and biochemical characterization of primary culture of rabbit proximal kidney tubule cells grown on collagen-IV coated Millicell-CM. 935 85

Scrapie, one of the prion diseases, is a transmissible neurodegenerative disease of sheep and other animals. Clinical symptoms of prion diseases are characterized by a long latent period, followed by progressive ataxia, tremor, and death. To study the induction of neurodegeneration during scrapie infection, we have analyzed the activities of various antioxidant enzymes and mitochondrial enzymes in cerebral cortex, brain stem, and cerebellum of scrapie-infected hamsters. The activity of mitochondrial Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) was decreased, while the activities of cytosolic Cu/Zn-SOD and catalase were not altered in infected brains. The activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were increased in scrapie-infected hamsters. The decreased activity of Mn-SOD might result in increasing oxidative stress in the mitochondria of infected brain; this concept is supported by our findings of a high level of lipid peroxidation, and low levels of ATPase and cytochrome c oxidase activity in the infected cerebral mitochondria. In addition, structural abnormalities of mitochondria have been observed in the neurons of hippocampus and cerebral cortex of infected brain. These results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction caused by oxidative stress gives rise to neurodegeneration in prion disease.
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PMID:Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress in the brains of hamsters infected with the 263 K scrapie agent. 975 61

It was found that preliminary treatment by amino acid taurine protected rats from lipid peroxidation intensification (expressed in terms of malondialdehyde and conjugated dienes contents) in the liver, brain and heart under acute severe normobaric hypoxic hypoxia. The mechanisms of the antioxidant action of taurine are connected to the prevention of lactate accumulation in tissues and cell membrane structure disorders (expressed in a decrease of membrane Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity). It was also shown that taurine reduced significantly a decrease of glutathione antioxidant system activity protecting tissues against reduced glutathione pool depletion and preventing a decrease of glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities in acute severe hypoxia.
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PMID:[The antioxidant action of taurine in acute hypoxic hypoxia]. 986 27

To evaluate the susceptibilities of human blood constituents to the low levels of ozone used in ozonated autohemotherapy (40 microgO3/ml), we quantified plasma antioxidants and erythrocyte constituents after rapid mixing of human whole blood with ozone at 20, 40, 60, and 100 microg/ml blood. Ascorbic acid, uric acid, and alpha-tocopherol in plasma decreased as ozone increased, but bilirubin was unaffected. The content of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in plasma was increased by ozone. However, the content of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and alpha-tocopherol in the erythrocyte membrane was not significantly affected. No significant changes occurred in the content of methemoglobin, cytoskeleton proteins or erythrocyte enzymes such as Na+/K+-ATPase, acetylcholinesterase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase at all the ozone levels tested. A decrease in reduced glutathione in erythrocytes was the only significant change caused by the ozone level used for autohemotherapy. It may be one of the chemical events responsible for the beneficial effects of ozonated autohemotherapy.
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PMID:Susceptibilities of plasma antioxidants and erythrocyte constituents to low levels of ozone. 1006 48

Plasma membrane lipid disorganization takes place in cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown under copper stress, as shown by fluorescence anisotropy measurements with the lipid reporter probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. The extent of plasma membrane disorganization, presumably due to copper-induced lipid peroxidation, was discontinuous when measured in cells grown in media supplemented with different concentrations of CuSO4. Results suggested the existence of adaptive mechanisms that cells employ to protect themselves against the deleterious effects of copper. The adaptive mechanisms examined in this study included the coordinate increase in the activities of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (up to five-fold), glutathione reductase (up to 1.7-fold), and plasma membrane H+-ATPase (up to three-fold). These enzyme activities showed maximal levels in cells grown with copper supplied at intermediate concentrations, within the range that allowed growth. Significantly, at these concentrations, plasma membrane disorganization did not increase when increasing amounts of CuSO4 were supplied. However, at copper concentrations close to the maximal that allowed growth, the capacity of the yeast cell response to cope with the deleterious effects of copper was exceeded; plasma membrane lipid organization and plasma-membrane-bound H+-ATPase activity drastically declined in response to the increased levels of copper stress and the consequences on growth kinetics were even more severe. Our results clearly suggest that modification of plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity is either part of or the result of the global response of yeast to mild or high copper stress.
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PMID:Modification of plasma membrane lipid order and H+-ATPase activity as part of the response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to cultivation under mild and high copper stress. 1081 44

The study investigated the prooxidative in vitro effect of various Fe(2+)-EDTA concentrations on biochemical parameters of the energetic metabolism of rat liver mitochondria. Fe(2+)-EDTA was added in concentrations 150, 300 and 400 mmol/mg of mitochondrial protein. The study included the investigation of consumption of oxygen in state 4 (without ADP addition) and in state 3 (with ADP addition), and the activities of ATP-ase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase. The mitochondrial outer membrane dynamics were simultaneously monitored by the method of synchronous fluorescence fingerprint. When compared with the control group, the results imply that in state 4, the addition of 150 mmol of Fe2+/mg of mitochondrial protein caused an insignificant increase in respiration to 104%, whereas in state 3, the oxygen consumption was insignificantly inhibited to 82%. The activity of ATPase was insignificantly raised to 105%, whereas the superoxide dismutase activity has decreased significantly to 77%. The activity of glutathione reductase increased significantly to 124%. The addition of 300 mmol of Fe2+/mg of mitochondrial protein has caused a significant inhibition of oxygen consumption to 67% in state 4 and to 31% in state 3. The activity of ATPase showed an insignificant elevation to 104%. The activity of superoxide dismutase was significantly reduced to 52% and that of glutathione reductase dropped to 72%. The addition of 400 Fe2+/mg of mitochondrial protein strongly diminished the oxygen consumption to 36% in state 4, and similarly to 37% in state 3. The activity of ATP-ase was significantly decreased to 39%, the superoxide dismutase activity diminished to 17% and glutathione reductase activity dropped to 37%. The monitoring of the mitochondrial outer membrane by the analysis of synchronous fluorescence fingerprint showed that the membrane is involved in these processes. (Fig. 5, Ref. 12.)
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PMID:[Fe2+-induced oxidative processes in the liver mitochondria of rats]. 1091 67

Investigations were carried out to evaluate the effect of two, structurally related, triterpenes-betulin and lupeol-on the membrane peroxidation and antioxidant systems in red blood cells, during pyridoxine-deficient condition in rats. Increased lipid peroxidation levels in the absence and presence of ferrous sulphate, an inducer of lipid peroxidation, indicated peroxidative damage to the red-cell membrane. Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity was decreased while that of other ion-specific ATPases were increased in the red cells of pyridoxine-deficient rats. Antioxidants, such as reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase were decreased, while superoxide dismutase alone was increased in the pyridoxine-deficient rat red blood cells. The red-cell osmotic fragility was found to be reduced. Treatment with the triterpenes proved effective in restoring the normal condition.
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PMID:Effect of pentacyclic triterpenes on oxalate-induced changes in rat erythrocytes. 1098 89

Two substances which are products of the isoprenoid pathway, can participate in lipid peroxidation. One is digoxin, which by inhibiting membrane Na(+)-K+ ATPase, causes increase in intracellular Ca2+ and depletion of intracellular Mg2+, both effects contributing to increase in lipid peroxidation. Ubiquinone, another products of the pathway is a powerful membrane antioxidant and its deficiency can also result in defective electron transport and generation of reactive oxygen species. In view of this and also in the light of some preliminary reports on alteration in lipid peroxidation in neuropsychiatric disorders, a study was undertaken on the following aspects in some of these disorders (primary generalised epilepsy, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and CNS glioma)--1) concentration of digoxin, ubiquinone, activity of HMG CoA reductase and RBC membrane Na(+)-K+ ATPase 2) activity of enzymes involved in free radical scavenging 3) parameters of lipid peroxidation and 4) antioxidant status. The result obtained indicates an increase in the concentration of digoxin and activity of HMG CoA reductase, decrease in ubiquinone levels and in the activity of membrane Na(+)-K+ ATPase. There is increased lipid peroxidation as evidenced from the increase in the concentration of MDA, conjugated dienes, hydroperoxides and NO with decreased antioxidant protection as indicated by decrease in ubiquinone, vit E and reduced glutathione in schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease and CNS glioma. The activity of enzymes involved in free radical scavenging like SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase is decreased in the above diseases. However, there is no evidence of any increase in lipid peroxidation in epilepsy or MS. The role of increased operation of the isoprenoid pathway as evidenced by alteration in the concentration of digoxin and ubiquinone in the generation of free radicals and protection against them in these disorders is discussed.
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PMID:Isoprenoid pathway and free radical generation and damage in neuropsychiatric disorders. 1127 6

Glutathione-mediated free-radical-scavenging and plasma membrane ATPase activities increase as sinks for metabolic energy with advancing tuber age. Plasma membrane ATPase activity from 19-month-old tubers was 77% higher than that from 7-month-old tubers throughout sprouting. The higher activity was not attended by an increase in the amount of ATPase per unit plasma membrane protein. Concentrations of oxidized (GSSG) and reduced glutathione more than doubled as tuber age advanced from 6 to 30 months, but the proportion of GSSG to total glutathione remained constant with age. The activity of glutathione transferase, an enzyme that catabolizes lipid-hydroperoxides, increased by 44 and 205% on a fresh weight and protein basis, respectively, as tubers aged from 6 to 30 months. Glutathione reductase activity also increased with advancing age, by 90% on a fresh weight basis and 305% on a protein basis. Older tubers had more glutathione reductase per unit of soluble and mitochondrial protein. The age-induced increase in cytosolic glutathione transferase activity was likely due to increased availability of lipid-hydroperoxides and/or a positive effector. Synthesis of glutathione requires ATP, and the increased reduction of GSSG resulting from catalysis of lipid-hydroperoxides is NADPH-dependent. Thus, increased plasma membrane ATPase and glutathione-mediated free-radical-scavenging activities likely constitute substantial sinks for ATP in older tubers prior to and during sprouting. Increased oxidative stress and loss in membrane integrity and central features of aging that undoubtedly contribute to the enhanced respiration of sprouting older tubers.
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PMID:Oxidative Stress Results in Increased Sinks for Metabolic Energy during Aging and Sprouting of Potato Seed-Tubers. 1222 48


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