Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.6.1.3 (ATPase)
65,361 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Changes of succinic dehydrogenase, adenosinetriphosphatase, alkaline and acid phosphatase in rat kidney, during 6 months after a whole-body 800 r X-ray exposure were studied. Temporary but long-lasting activation of the histoenzymatic reactions accompanied by partly reversible diffusion of enzymes related to the dystrophic and restoring postirradiation renal changes were observed.
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PMID:Relationships between the changes of some oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes in the kidney of irradiated rat. 18 7

(1) The histochemical staining pattern of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) does not show unequivocal differentiation between the type I red and type II red fibres in mammalian striated muscles. (2) Since high biochemical activity of beta-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase (beta-HOBDH) occurs in mitochondria of the type I red fibres, the histochemical localization of this enzyme may show a pattern of staining reciprocal to that seen for myofibrillar ATPase. (3) It remains to be confirmed that the type I red fibres, which are possibly slow-twitch physiologically, possess the highest concentration of myoglobin. The histochemical correlation of myoglobin and myofibrillar ATPase in serial sections should be studied. (4) In order to achieve a more realistic picture, various glycolytic and glycogenolytic enzymes should be incubated according to the gelatin film technique, or semipermeable membrane technique or collagen polypeptide technique. A histochemical correlation of phosphorylase, LDH, PFK, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, and myofibrillar ATPase in adjacent muscle sections may throw light on the histochemical characteristics of the different fibre-types. (5) The specific histochemical demonstration of AMPase is achieved following preincubation of tissue sections. (6) ADPase has been demonstrated by the calcium precipitation technique only (GUTH and YELLIN, 1971). A number of studies claim, however, that ADPase is not demonstrable histochemically in muscle fibres. (7) The presence of magnesium ions is a prerequisite for the adequate histochemical demonstration of mitochondrial ATPase. The latter is inhibited almost completely by 40 mM Ca++ (when Mg++ is not added) at both neutral and alkaline pH values. (8) The histochemical activity of SR-AT-Pase seen as continuous reticula but without punctuate and sub-sarcolemmal staining possibly represents the extra ATPase of SR. (9) On the basis of myofibrillar ATPase reaction, an inherent heterogeneity, between the type II red and type II white may be recognized. In addition, the above fibre-types possess their respective sub-populations. (10) Following diK+ EDTA preincubation, some type II red fibres show selective lability. These are the mitochondria-rich fibres. Thus in the total absence of both punctuate and subsarcolemmal staining, the presence of mitochondrial ATPase activity under the histochemical conditions for myofibrillar ATPase is unlikely. (11) The reaction pattern of CK/ATPase (coupled reaction) at pH 6.9 is distinctly intermyofibrillar and unlike SDH-pattern. This reticular reaction is associated mainly with the SR and hence the importance of transphosphorylation in this organelle for the Ca++ uptake and muscle relaxation. (12) The CK/ATPase reaction at pH8.0 has shown important histoenzymatic characteristics. At this pH value the type I red fibres and slow-twitch soleus show myofibrillar reaction pattern. This identical histochemical behaviour suggests that type I red fibres are possibly slow-contracting...
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PMID:Histochemical characteristics of vertebrate striated muscle: a review. 18 61

The activity of succinic dehydrogenase, adenosine triphosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and cytochrome oxidase was studied histochemically in the remaining kidney of male albino rats which had been subjected to unilateral nephrectomy and were subsequently treated with aldosterone. A marked increase in the activity of succinic dehydrogenase, adenosine triphosphatase and alkaline phosphatase was noted on the initial postoperative days. The increase noted in succinic dehydrogenase activity is considered particularly important because in the control group succinic dehydrogenase activity remained unchanged throughout the experiment.
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PMID:Histochemical changes effected by aldosterone on compensatory renal growth in the rat. 18 76

1. Of various phospholipids tested, lysolecithin was the most efficient in the solubilization of the components of beef heart submitochondrial particles. Lysolecithin solubilized selectively nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, NADH dehydrogenase and oligomycin-sensitive ATPase. Various cytochromes other than cytochrome c were only slightly solubilized. 2. The effect of various parameters, e.g. ionic strength, pH, time of centrifugation, and concentrations of lysolecithin and protein was investigated. Increasing times of centrifugation led to a partial sedimentation of NADH dehydrogenase, and a complete sedimentation of oligomycin-sensitive ATPase and cytochrome oxidase. 3. Further fractionation of the lysolecithin extract by centrifugation in the presence of low concentrations of cholate gave a complete separation of NADH dehydrogenase and transhydrogenase, indicating that these enzymes are not related functionally. 4. With the lysolecithin fractionation procedure a more than 10-fold purification of transhydrogenase was achieved. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the partially purified transhydrogenase in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate showed major increases in protein-stained bands corresponding to between 70 000 and 54 000 daltons. 5. A possible mechanism for the detergent action of lysolecithin involving a specific exchange of bound phospholipids for lysolecithin is discussed.
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PMID:Selective solubilization of the components of the mitochondrial inner membrane by lysolecithin. 18 27

In this first paper of a series comparing the membranes of normal lymphocyte populations from male outbred Syrian hamsters with those of neoplastic transformants (GD 248) induced by simian virus 40, a method is described for the isolation of representative plasma membrane (PM) fragments from both cell types. Multiple criteria were used to monitor the purity and yield of PM material after cell disruption by nitrogen cavitation and after membrane fractionation by a combination of differential centrifugation and isopyknic ultracentrifugation in dextran density gradients. Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination before cell disruption was used as an extrinsic surface marker; Na+,K+-activated ATPase, as well as alkaline phosphatase, was used as intrinsic functional PM markers. The distribution of nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during fractionation was monitored by the measurement of DNA, succinate dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase, beta-glucuronidase and glucose-6-phosphatase, and NADH:lipoamide oxidoreductase, respectively. According to the three PM markers employed, a 15- to 20-fold purification (over homogenate) and a PM yield of about 65% were obtained for both cell categories, with negligible contamination by DNA, mitochondria, lysosomes, and er. The procedure also allowed recovery of 60% of the mitochondria free of other cell elements.
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PMID:Membranes of normal hamster lymphocytes and lymphoid cells neoplastically transformed by simian virus 40. I. High-yield purification of plasma membrane fragments. 18 92

A quantitative study of the tibialis anterior muscle of the adult rat showed that the proportions of each 'histochemical' fibre type varied between adjacent regions along the deep to superficial and medial to lateral axes of the muscle. The distribution of fibre types classified with oxidative enzymes was similar to that using phosphorylase, but differed from that obtained with sections stained for myosin ATPase. This apparent discrepancy in classifation was confirmed by comparison of the ranges of fibre cross sectional areas for each fibre type classified on the basis of their oxidative enzme and ATPase activites, and by an independent analysis of individual fibres in serial sections stained for succinic dehydrogenase and ATPase.
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PMID:The distribution and relative sizes of three histochemical fibre types in the rat tibialis anterior muscle. 19 Jan 98

Fibre types in 11 skeletal muscles from New Zealand White rabbits were differentiated on the basis of histochemical staining reactions for Ca2+-adenosine triphosphatase (Ca2+ATPase) at pH 9-4, cytochrome oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase and L-glycerol-3-phosphate:menadione oxidoreductase activities. Using these enzyme reactions it was convenient to divide muscle fibres into three main categories in 'white' muscles and two in 'red' muscles. Between weaning and early maturity most muscles showed little change in fibre type composition, particularly when Ca2+-ATPase activity was used as the criterion. Many muscles showed an uneven distribution of fibre types in transverse sections; this was particularly so in the cases of longissimus, semitendinosus, soleus and semimembranosus proprius. The methods successful in resolving fibre types in mature muscles were not so capable of resolving fibre types in neonatal muscles.
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PMID:An estimation of the fibre type compostion of eleven skeletal muscles from New Zealand White rabbits between weaning and early maturity. 19 5

One hour after a single i.v. dose of 250 mg/kg folic acid, the straight portion of distal tubules in the outer medulla of rat kidneys showed a distinct reduction in succinate dehydrogenase, NADH2-diaphorase, glutamate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxydase, Na+/K+-ATPase, and acid phosphatase activity. In contrast, the proximal tubules exhibited only a reduction in glutamate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activity. At this time the straight portion of the distal tubules, whose enzyme activity had changed, showed partly regressive epithelial changes. 24 hours after folic acid administration an even greater reduction in enzyme activity had occurred in the straight portion of distal tubules; these structures also became dilated. The adjacent collecting tubules and the corresponding proximal tubules were also severely dilated, the proximal tubules showing a loss in enzyme acitivities similar to those observed in the distal tubules. 48 hours after folic acid administration the changes largely resembled those observed after 24 hours, but were more pronounced. At this time a tubular regeneration was observed. 72 hours after folic administration extensive normalization of the histological and histochemical changes had occured. It is postulated that a disturbance of the hairpin counter-current mechanism occurs as a result of a direct, concentration-dependent effect of folic acid on the enzymes of the energy supplying metabolism. A dilation in the region of the loop of Henle and the collecting tubules occurs subsequently.
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PMID:Enzyme histochemistry of rat folic acid nephropathy. 19 86

1. Five subjects trained for 8 weeks on a bicycle ergometer for an average of 40 min/day, four times a week at a work load requiring 80% of the maximal oxygen uptake (V(O2 max.)). V(O2 max.) determinations were performed, and muscle biopsies from the quadriceps femoris muscle (vastus lateralis) were taken before, as well as repeatedly during, the training period. The muscle biopsies were histochemically stained for fibre-types (myofibrillar ATPase) and capillaries (amylase-PAS method), and analysed biochemically for succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase activities.2. The training programme resulted in a 16% increase in V(O2 max.), a 20% increase in capillary density, a 20% increase in mean fibre area, and an approximately 40% increase in the activities of succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase.3. The capillary supply to type I, IIA and IIB fibres, expressed as the mean number of capillaries in contact with each fibre-type, relative to fibre-type area, increased equally.4. The present study shows that endurance training constitutes a powerful stimulus for capillary proliferation in human skeletal muscle.
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PMID:Capillary supply of the quadriceps femoris muscle of man: adaptive response to exercise. 19 32

The alkaloid camptothecin uncouples the growth and adivision of chick embryo cells. At a moderate dose (0.5 microgram/ml) it inhibits the incorporation of thymidine but not of uridine and leucine and the cell protein content increases and reaches twice that of control after 4 days of treatment. Twelve hours after addition of the drug, the activities per cell of the mitochondrial enzymes poly A hydrolase (EC 3.1. 4.21), cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1), and succinate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1) are greater than that of the control and keep increasing for at least 96 H. The increase in the activities of the mitochondrial enzymes precede that of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase (EC 1.6.2.4) and cytidine triphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.15), which are microsomal and plasma membranes enzymes respectively. Actinomycin D (0.01 microgram/ml) also inhibits the multiplication of the chick cells and the synthesis of DNA. The protein content of the actinomycin D treated cells decreases to 70% of the control by day 2. Nevertheless, the activities of the mitochondrial enzymes increase over that of the control but to a smaller extent that with camptothecin. The activities of the enzymes of the other organelles are not stimulated. Camptothecin at a higher dose (5.0 microgram/ml) induces effects similar to those of actinomycin D.
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PMID:Protein content and enzyme levels of cultured chick embryo cells treated with camptothecin and actinomycin D. 20 Mar 15


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