Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.6.1.3 (ATPase)
65,361 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pancreas of the cat was fractionated into its subcellular components by centrifugation through an exponential ficoll-sucrose density gradient in a zonal rotor. This enables a preparation of four fractions enriched in plasma membranes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and zymogen granules, respectively. The first fraction, enriched by 9- to 15-fold in the plasma membrane marker enzymes, hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase, (Na+K+)-ATPase, and 5'-nucleotidase, is contaminated by membranes derived from endoplasmic reticulum but is virtually free from mitochondrial and zymogen-granule contamination. The second fraction from the zonal gradient shows only moderate enrichment of the above marker enzymes but contains a considerable quantity of plasma membrane marker enzymes and represents mostly rough endoplasmic reticulum. The third fraction contains the bulk of mitochondria and the fourth mainly zymogen granules as assessed by electron microscopy and marker enzymes for both mitochondria and zymogen granules, namely succinic dehydrogenase, trypsin and amylase. Further purification of the plasma membrane fractions by differential and sucrose step-gradient centrifugation yields plasma membranes enriched 40-fold in basal and hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase and (Na+K+)-ATPase.
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PMID:Studies on isolated subcellular components of cat pancreas. I. Isolation and enzymatic characterization. 14 36

Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of Triton X-100-solubilized plasma membranes of Micrococcus lysodeikticus established the presence of 27 discrete antigens. Individual antigens were identified as membrane components possessing enzyme activity by zymogram staining procedures and by reactivity of certain antigens with a selection of four lectins in the crossed-immunoelectrophoresis (immunoaffinoelectrophoresis) system. Absorption experiments with intact, stable protoplasts and isolated membranes established the asymmetric nature of the M. lysodeikticus plasma membranes. Of the 14 antigens with determinants accessible solely on the cytoplasmic face of the membrane, four possessed individual dehydrogenase activities, and a fifth was identifiable as a component possessing adenosine triphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.3) activity. Evidence from absorption studies with isolated membranes suggested that antigens such as the adenosine triphosphatase complex were more readily accessible to reaction with antibodies than was succinate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1), for example. Twelve antigens were located on the protoplast surface as determined by antibody absorption, and the succinylated lipomannan was identified as a major antigen. At least five other antigens possessed sugar residues that interacted with concanavalin A. With the antisera generated to isolated membranes, there was no evidence suggesting that any of these antigens was not detectable on either surface of the plasma membrane. From absorption experiments with washed, whole cells of M. lysodeikticus, it was concluded that the immunogens on the protoplast surface were also detectable on the surface of the intact cell. However, some of the components such as the succinylated lipomannan appeared to be exposed to a greater extent than others. The cytoplasmic fraction from M. lysodeikticus was used as an antigen source to generate antibodies, and 97 immunoprecipitates were resolvable by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. In the cytoplasm-anticytoplasm reference immunoelectrophoresis pattern of precipitates, three of the immunoprecipitates unique to the cytoplasmic fraction were identifiable by zymogram staining procedures as catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42), and polynucleotide phosphorylase (EC 2.3.7.8). The identification of membrane and cytoplasmic antigens (including the above-mentioned enzymes) provides a sensitive analytical system for monitoring cross-contamination and antigen distribution in cellular fractions.
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PMID:Membrane asymmetry and expression of cell surface antigens of Micrococcus lysodeikticus established by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. 14 22

Male guinea pigs were exposed to nitrogen dioxide (2 mg/m3) during 180 days (8 hours a day). Long-term exposure induced thickening of the corneal layer of the epidermis as well as inflammatory infiltrations in the proper skin. The following enzymes were estimated histochemically in skin samples of experimental and control animals: succinic dehydrogenase, NADH2-tetrazolium reductase, lactate dehydrogenase; alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase. Chronic exposrue stimulated a decrease of NADH2-tetrazolium reductase in the epidermis and connective tissue components of proper skin and marked positive reaction of lactate dehydrogenase in epidermal cells and hair follicles. Increase of a diffuse reaction on adenosine triphosphatase in smooth muscles of the skin was found also in exposed animals.
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PMID:Histopathological and histochemical studies of the skin of guinea pigs after long-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide. 14 74

The histochemical activities of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), myofibrillar Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase were studied in serial sections of rat vastus lateralis (red) (RVL), gastrocnemius and diaphragm muscles. Three main fibre-types were distinguished. The "Type I" fibres of RVL and gastrocnemius muscles fell into two distinct groups: one category--"Type IA" showed very low ATPase activity. The second category of "Type IB" fibres displayed moderate ATPase reaction. The "Type IA" fibres were divisible into two sub-groups when tested for SDH reaction. "Type IA1" fibres possessed a homogenous distribution of diformazan granules throughout the fibre: "Type IA2" fibres displayed characteristic "moth-eaten" pattern of diformazan localization. The diaphragm muscle did not show either "Type IB" or "Type IA2" varieties. The great majority of TypeI fibres were sub-type IA1 in the three fast muscles studied. It is also demonstrated here that an inherent heterogeneity exists between Type I filores of diaphragm and leg muscles in regard to alpha-GPD localization. This histochemical data emphasizes the fact that subdivision of TypeI striated muscle fibres of mammalian animals into two sub-types is only approximate and that a further subcategorization is possible.
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PMID:Histoenzymatic characterization of sub-types of type I fibres in fast muscles of rats. 14 58

On the basis of the histochemical activity of succinic dehydrogenase, only two fibre-types are distinguished in pigeon pectoralis major muscle. These are narrow "Red" and broad "White". The histochemical activity of myofibrillar ATPase was studied in these two distinct fibre-types. Both fibre-types showed high activity for the ATPase. "Red" fibres of pigeon pectoralis were not alkali-labile, at incubation pH 9.4, as were the "Type I" fibres of both avian and mammalian muscles. Again unlike "Type I" fibres, the "Red" fibres of pigeon pectoralis lacked the characteristic activation of acid-preincubated ATPase reaction. Pigeon pectoralis "Red" fibres are known to possess some characteristics of fast-twitch fibres (e.g. high fat, considerable phosphorylase, fibrillenstruktur myofibrillar arrangement, focal "en plaque" pattern of nerve endings). It is emphasized, therefore, that the pigeon pectoralis "Red" fibres are not equivalent to "Type I or slow-twitch", muscle fibres, but they are possibly "fast-twitch fatigue resistent or Type II Red" muscle fibres.
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PMID:"Red" fibres of pigeon pectoralis major muscle are "type II red". 14 61

Changes in succinic dehydrogenase, adenosine triphosphatase, and phosphorylase activities occurred in masseter muscle by 15 minutes following injection of 2% lidocaine. Abolishment of phosphorylase activity suggested an effect on the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Increased staining for succinic dehydrogenase and adenosine triphosphatase activities suggested damage to mitochondria and myofibrils, respectively. Leucine aminopeptidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities appeared in macrophages.
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PMID:Degenerative changes in masseter muscle following injection of lidocaine: a histochemical study. 14 69

It is not known whether cellular adaptations of the ventilatory muscles are induced by increased respiratory loads. A chronic respiratory load was produced in rats by tracheal banding. Five weeks after the imposition of this increased load, biochemical and histochemical analyses were performed on the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. The oxidative capacity, as indicated by succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, increased 38% in the diaphragm. The capacity for beta-oxidation fatty acids, as indicated by 3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADH) activity, increased 29%. The glycolytic capacity, as indicated by phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity, did not change. Similar enzymatic adaptations were observed in the intercostal muscles. The proportion of slow-twitch muscle fibers, as indicated by the myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) stain, increased in the diaphragm, but not in the intercostal muscles. Thus, these ventilatory muscles responded with an increase in their oxidative capacity, and the diaphragm reponded with an increase in the proportion of muscle fibers having the myofibriller ATPase staining characteristic of slow-twich fibers. We conclude that cellular adaptations are induced in the ventilatory muscles by chronic increased respiratory loads.
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PMID:Cellular adaptations of the ventilatory muscles to a chronic increased respiratory load. 14 78

A histochemical analysis has been performed of the activity of myofibrillar ATPase, NADH2tetrazolium-reductase, succinic dehydrogenase and phosphorylase and of the content of fat and glycogen in the muscles of the cat's lumbar back region. The correlation between the fiber composition and the previously studied contraction properties of the muscles was analyzed. All muscles contain fibers with a low activity (type I) and such with a high activity (type II) of myofibrillar ATPase following preincubation at pH 9.4. Type II fibers showed either a low (type II A) or an intermediate (type II B) reaction when stained for ATPase, preincubation at pH 4.6. Type I fibers have a high, II A an intermediate-high and II B fibers a low activity of oxidative enzymes. The longissimus, iliocostalis and sacrocaudalis dorsalis lateralis muscles are characterized by high percentages of type II B fibers and low proportions of type I and type II A fibers. The central region of the longissimus which is connected to a well developed intermuscular septum is composed of a high proportion of type I fibers. The multifidi, interspinales and intertransversarii mediales muscles have higher proportions of type I and type II A fibers than the other muscles in the region.
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PMID:Histochemical fiber composition of lumbar back muscles in the cat. 15 Jan 95

Rat brains have been studied after treatment with oral doses of 50 mg imipramine/day for 3 and 6 months. 20 brains have been studied histologically, 3 brains electronmicroscopically, 6 brains histochemically as well as 34 controll brains. On the light microscopic level no pathologic changes of intravital origin have been revealed. The hyperchromatic changes of neurons were of the same character and degree and showed the same topic distribution in the experimental and in the control group. They should be regarded as postmortem artifacts. The pyramidal cells of hippocampus field h3, the Purkinje cells and the Golgi epithelial cells have been examined by electron microscopy. Besides a possible slight induction of lysosomes no alterations could be found. The histochemical studies (succinate dehydrogenase, ATPase, AMPase, acid phosphatase, PAS, methylgreenpyronin) revealed no differences between the experimental and the control group.
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PMID:[Histological, electromicroscopical and histochemical studies on the central nervous system of rats after chronic treatment with imipramine (author's transl)]. 15 68

EEG registered hippocampal status epilepticus (HSE) was provoked in 41 adult albino rats by intraseptal injection of ouabain, and the hippocampus was studied from 1 1/2 to 24 hr with the enzyme histochemical tests for succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), thiaminopyrophosphatase (TPPase), acid phosphatase (AcPase), Mg2+ adenosine triphosphatase (Mg2++ ATPase), and with general and neurohistological stains. In a first group of animals (1 1/2 to 10 hr of HSE), a stage of general increase in enzymatic activity was detected in the pyramidal neurons (SDH, LDH, AcPase, and TPPase). Mg2+ ATPase showed a marked increase in astrocytes. In a second group (more than 10 hr of HSE), SDH was found decreased in the dendritic fields. LDH activity persisted in neuronal bodies, and AcPase and TPPase showed diffuse activity in the cytoplasm of some pyramidal neurons. In a third group (more than 18 hr of HSE), SDH activity was low. No AcPase granules were observed in some pyramidal neurons and TPPase was negative in some areas of pyramidal layer. Mg2+ ATPase reaction showed scare and retracted astroglial processes. These changes were coincident with "cellular ghosts" observed with hematoxylin-eosin techniques of the same samples in the pyramidal field and were interpreted as cellular death, attributed to relative anoxia following neuronal discharge.
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PMID:Enzyme histochemistry of the rat hippocampus during experimental status epilepticus. 15 26


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