Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.6.1.3 (ATPase)
 65,361 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mucosal response of alkaline phosphatase, ATPase and disaccharidase (lactase, maltase and trehalase) activities to sex hormones were studied by comparing male and female rats and castrated males and by injecting testosterone into castrated males. Alkaline phosphatase showed a very steep gradient in the small intestine from the oral to the aboral end, whereas ATPase activity in the ileum was still about 50% of that in the duodenum. Both enzymes showed only minor sex variations and weal response to castration. Lactase and maltase had peak activities in the jejunum, but trehalase activity was nearly equally high in the duodenal mucosa as in the jejunum. Jejunal lactase activity was about 50% lower in female than in male rats and castration decreased activity in males to the same low level as found in females. The administration of testosterone to castrated male rats did not enhance activity. Maltase activity showed similar sex variation, although castration was not able to decrease activity during the test period. Trehalase activity was lower in female than in male rats. The administration of testosterone enhance activity in castrated males.
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PMID:Sex variation in the activities of mucosal hydrolytic enzymes in the small intestine of the rat. 12 35

To assess correlations between cellular differentiation and enzymatic maturation in the developing rat colon, tissue from fetal, suckling, weanling, and adult rats was analyzed by electron microscopy and assayed for lactase, alkaline phosphatase, and sodium-potassium-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase activities. The proximal and distal colon were analyzed independently at all ages. All three enzymes were detected in the fetal colon when the cells were highly undifferentiated. Postnatally, significant regional differences in cellular ultrastructure appeared, only some of which were directly paralleled by enzymatic changes. Each enzyme had a distinct region-specific developmental pattern. Lactase and sodium-potassium-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase were significantly enhanced at birth, decreasing to adult levels by 15 days postnatal. Regional differences were present, but the patterns were similar. These patterns did not parallel the increase in microvillar height and number and basolateral interdigitations of the surface columnar cells, the structural correlates of lactase, and sodium-potassium-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase, respectively. In contrast, developmental changes in alkaline phosphatase activity paralleled structural maturation, at least in part. The activity levels in the distal colon did not change significantly with age and few major structural changes were noted. In the proximal colon, activity increased markedly after birth, and after 10 days decreased rapidly to adult levels, a pattern that coincided with the transient appearance of villi and specialized cells with apical tubules and vesicles known to have alkaline phosphatase activity. The results show age- and region-related changes in cellular ultrastructure and enzymatic activities, only some of which appear to be directly correlated.
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PMID:Structural and enzymatic changes during colonic maturation in the fetal and suckling rat. 254 5

The effect of enteritis on the development of the small intestine was examined in newborn, colostrum-deprived piglets infected with a human isolate of Y. enterocolitica (serotype 0:3, biotype 4) soon after birth. The piglets were killed 3 days (n = 6) or 5 days (n = 8) after infection, or antibiotic therapy was commenced on day 5 and the animals killed on day 14 (n = 5). Compared with the non-infected controls, infected animals had reduced mucosal lactase and sucrase, but not maltase activity, while after antibiotic therapy, previously infected piglets had a lower lactase and a higher maltase and sucrase activity. Lactase activity was significantly reduced in the duodenum and jejunum, and mean values were lower in the ileum, but the difference did not reach significance; maltase activity was greater at all ages from the distal jejunum to the mid-ileum; sucrase activity was reduced in all segments up to day 5 but after antibiotic therapy was increased in the jejunum and appeared early in the ileum. Enzyme profiles were more mature along the crypt-villus axis in some segments of the intestine in previously infected piglets. Sodium-potassium-ATPase activity was unchanged. There was a reduced villus height:crypt depth ratio, crypt hyperplasia and increased crypt cell proliferation. Morphological maturation, indicated by loss of vacuoles and location of the nucleus at the base of the enterocyte, proceeded distally from the duodenum to ileum from 3 to 14 days of age when only the ileum remained immature. In infected piglets, there was reduced vacuolation and earlier location of the nucleus at the base of the cell in the distal intestine. Accelerated maturity of specific disaccharidases and enterocyte morphology in infected piglets appears to be due to physical damage to the mucosa resulting in faster proliferation of crypt cells and migration of enterocytes. It is suggested that this may reduce macromolecular internalisation and impair the ability to utilise dietary carbohydrate and may have long-term effects on growth and immunological responses of the gut.
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PMID:Impact of Yersinia enterocolitica enteritis on disaccharidase activity and small intestinal morphology in colostrum-deprived newborn piglets. 1603 44