Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.6.1.3 (ATPase)
 65,361 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ultrastructural analyses of the normal rat lens revealed a number of characteristics present regionally within the anterior and posterior polar regions: (1) elaborate folding of the plasma membrane, including numerous microvillar processes; (2) wide intercellular spaces at basolateral cell borders; (3) concentrations of mitochondria; and (4) ouabain-sensitive Na-K-ATPase activity. These features, confined primarily to the suture systems and the anterior epithelium, suggested a cortical as well as an epithelial involvement in ion-linked fluid transport, supporting recent physiological investigations of the lens. Acid phosphatase localized in aggregations of smooth endoplasmic reticulum at the lens fiber ends suggested that this micro-organelle may be a source of acid hydrolases in the normal lens.
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PMID:Special characteristics of the polar regions of the rat lens: morphology and phosphatase histochemistry. 625 Sep 87

The distribution and activities of phosphatases and oxidative enzymes have been determined with the help of histochemical methods in the kidney of the Prussian Carp, a stenohaline freshwater-fish. In addition to fish maintained in freshwater aquaria, a group of the animals used has been adapted to seawater of moderate salinity. The following pattern of enzyme reaction intensities has been observed in the various kidney structures: Strong reactions of alkaline phosphatase in the nephron are confined to the glomerular capillary convolute and the brush border of proximal segments. Equally enzyme activities are observed in the connective tissue sheath of the collecting duct -- archinephric duct system. Acid phosphatase can be detected in all segments of the nephronic tubule, strong activities are found in the proximal segment (P I), in the epithelium of the archinephric duct, and, especially, in the interstitial tissue. ATPase reacts strongly positive in epithelial cells of the distal tubule and the collecting duct -- archinephric duct system. ATPase reactions are inhibited by Ouabain, and therefore can be regarded as reactions of Na--K-ATPase. Mitochondrially bound oxidative enzymes, connected with the citric acid cycle and the respiratory chain, show very strong reaction intensities in the distal tubule and the collecting duct- archinephric duct system, while the glomeruli generally exhibit negative reactions. Lactate -- and malate dehydrogenases are found to react weakly to negatively throughout the whole kidney. Maintenance in seawater does not deeply affect the enzyme pattern of the kidney of the Prussian carp, with exception of some oxidative enzymes, reacting weaker in the distal tubule and the collecting duct-archinephric duct system. In addition, the epithelial cells of the archinephric duct of seawater adapted fish show a marked apical localization of reaction products for these enzymes. Possible relations between enzyme histochemistry and fish kidney physiology are discussed, in connection with comparative aspects of the enzyme histochemistry of the vertebrate kidney. A short review of normal histology and function of the kidney of the Prussian carp is added.
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PMID:[Phosphatases and oxidative enzymes in the kidney of the Prussian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch) adapted to salt water]. 625 47

Localization of phosphatases in the parathyroid of laying hens was examined by electron microscopy. Activities of both alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase were intensive on the apposed plasma membranes between contiguous chief cells, but weak or almost lacking on those facing the interstitial connective tissue, and this finding differed from previous data in mammals. This difference seemed to be associated with the fact that in the parenchymal cells of the hens there was found a narrow, delicate filament-rich zone in the peripheral cytoplasm along the basal lamina. Activities of both thiamine pyrophosphatase and inosine diphosphatase were seen in most of the Golgi cisternae having serpentine tubular profiles, and this indicated that the latter cisterna belong to the Golgi apparatus. Acid phosphatase activities were mainly demonstrated in lysosomal dense bodies, including autophagic vacuoles, as well as in most of the lipofuscin granules, and only occasionally encountered in the Golgi apparatus, including the thick membranous cisternae, in contrast with findings in mammals. The reason for this weak activity in this organelle was discussed in relation to calcium metabolism, secretory products, and lysosomes in the laying hen.
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PMID:Electron microscopic studies on localization of phosphatases in the laying hen parathyroid. 626 87

Human thymuses, ranging in age from newborn to 62 years old, were studied enzyme histochemically. The thymic epithelial cells covering cortical surface and bordering vascular areas in the medulla were positive for 5'-nucleotidase, but not for other enzymes. The thymic epithelial cells composing Hassall's corpuscles were positive for acid phosphatase, esterases, beta-glucuronidase, and alkaline phosphatase, regardless of age, but totally negative for 5'-nucleotidase and ATPase. All enzymes examined except for beta-glucuronidase were demonstrated in some of the thymic epithelial cells scattered in the medulla, although the pattern of distribution and the degree of positivity were different by enzymes. These findings suggest that the thymic epithelial cells are composed of functionally heterogenous subpopulations. Acid phosphatase was demonstrated in thymocytes in both cortex and medulla, but 5'-nucleotidase and ATPase were observed in some thymocytes in the medulla of young thymus.
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PMID:Enzyme histochemical study on human thymus and its age change. 630 84

Acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, Mg-activated adenosine triphosphatase and 5'nucleotidase were demonstrated in the rat liver using a cerium-based method. This method can be applied routinely and yields better results than the lead-based method. The tissue was postfixed in osmium tetroxide and potassium ferrocyanide which considerably enhances the membrane contrast in comparison with solely osmium tetroxide postfixation. This facilitates the precise localization of the reaction product.
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PMID:Cytochemical demonstration of phosphatases in the rat liver by a cerium-based method in combination with osmium tetroxide and potassium ferrocyanide postfixation. 630 35

In order to investigate the activity of certain enzymes [Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Acid phosphatase (ACP), Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), 5'-Nucleotidase (5'-N)] in the proximal epiphysis of the humerus, tissue specimens were obtained from pregnant rats on the 15th, 17th, 19th and 20th days of gestation and on the 1st, 10th, 20th, 30th, 40th and 60th days of postnatal development. Enzymatic activity in the chondral ossification, in the perichondral areas of the epiphysis, was first seen on the 15th day of gestation. ALP and ATPase could also be observed for the first time in fetuses aged 15 days, whereas ACP and 5'-N could not be detected. These latter enzymes were observed for the first time in the proximal humeral epiphysis of fetuses aged 17 days. ALP, a marker for hypertrophic and calcifying cartilage, was observed extensively in the central hypertrophic part of the cartilaginous perichondral zones, which showed calcification during the development of the epiphysis. ALP, ATP and 5'-N activity was very marked in the cytoplasm of osteoblasts and in the periosteal matrix, but strong ACP activity was found in the cells of the chondrolysis zone. In conclusion; according to our observations, heterogeneity of the proximal epiphysis of the humerus exhibits intrinsic differences between the cells of different zones. The activity of all enzymes showed an increase according to the developmental age. This suggests that all of these enzymes play a role during developmental ossification.
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PMID:A histochemical study on the enzymatic activity in the proximal epiphysis of the humerus during the prenatal and postnatal periods in rats. 787 99

Histochemical techniques were employed to study the tissue distribution of hydrolytic enzymes in adult female Onchocerca fasciata (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae). Different tissues differed considerably in the localization and distribution of the six enzymes studied. Acid phosphatase (AcPase) activity was detected in the cuticle, hypodermis and reproductive organs. Alkaline phosphatase (AlkPase) activity was largely absent. Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) was found in the somatic musculature and muscles of the uterine ducts, whereas 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nu) was restricted to young oocytes and dividing embryos in the female worm. Strong glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) activity was demonstrated in the uterine epithelial cells and microfilariae, as was weak activity in the hypodermis. Naphthylamidase (NAM) activity was detected in the hypodermis, with lower activity occurring in the somatic musculature. The possible functions of these enzymes are discussed with respect to their location. The hydrolytic enzymes AcPase and NAM in the body wall are probably involved in absorptive-digestive functions, NAM in the somatic musculature may be concerned with tissue protein turnover, and ATPase, 5'-Nu and G-6-Pase may have a role in active transport and energy metabolism.
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PMID:Histochemical distribution of hydrolytic enzymes in adult Onchocerca fasciata (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae). 803 35

An enzymohistochemical and immunohistochemical study of the efferent ducts was performed in normal adult men. The epithelium consists of two types of columnar cells: principal cells (PCs) and ciliated cells (CCs), and is surrounded by a lamina propria (LP) with cells arranged circularly (LPCs). Enzymohistochemical study revealed more intense activity of succinic dehydrogenase, NADP, and ATPase in the CCs than in the PCs. The LPCs also showed an intense reaction for NADP and ATPase. Acid phosphatase activity was only intense in the apical cytoplasm of PCs. Immunohistochemical study revealed that antibodies to oestradiol receptor-related protein (ER-D5) immunostained the PCs and CCs intensely and the LPCs weakly. AE1/AE3 antibodies (which stain keratins nos. 1-8 and 14, 15 and 19) immunostained the PCs intensely, but was negative in both CCs and LPCs. Antibodies to keratin Ks.4.62 (which stain keratin no. 19) immunostained PCs and CCs but not LPCs. Epithelial membrane antigen antibodies (EMA) immunostained the adluminal surface and apical cytoplasm of PCs. Anti-vimentin antibodies immunostained the cytoplasm of PCs and CCs weakly as well as isolated cells in the LP. Antibodies to desmin immunostained most LPCs. Antibodies to collagen IV immunostained the basal lamina and many extracellular spaces in the LP, mainly around the LPCs. The differences between the enzymohistochemical and immunohistochemical patterns of the efferent ducts and those of the epididymis may help to explain functional differences along the epididymis.
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PMID:Enzymohistochemical and immunohistochemical study of the human efferent ducts. 827 25

Muscle ATPase activity did not show much change with any of the treatments, while hepatic total and Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase activities were decreased with low dose of dexamethasone (DXM(L) and enzyme activity in general was increased with both high dose of DXM(H) and corticosterone. Total and Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPases were increased in testis of corticosterone treated chicks. Acid phosphatase activity of testis was increased with DXM(H) and decreased with DXM(L) while the enzyme activity in all the three tissues was increased with corticosterone. Muscle alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased with DXM treatments while that of testis was decreased with both DXM(H) and corticosterone treatments. Hepatic PDE activity was decreased with DXM and increased with corticosterone while muscle PDE activity was decreased under both DXM(H) and corticosterone treatments. The results suggest that both hypo. and hypercorticalism can induce tissue specific differential alterations in phosphomonoesterases, ATPases and PDE during early phases of post-natal development of chicks.
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PMID:Effect of dexamethasone and corticosterone on activity levels of ATPase, phosphomonoesterases and phosphodiesterase in liver, muscle and testis of post-hatched White Leghorn chicks. 947 79

We studied the effects of bafilomycin A1, a potent and specific inhibitor of vacuolar H+ ATPase (V-ATPase), on the process of autophagy in rat hepatoma cell line, H-4-II-E cells. To induce autophagy, cells were transferred from Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium containing 12% fetal calf serum into Hanks' balanced salt solution. When bafilomycin A1 was added to Hanks' balanced salt solution, endogenous protein degradation was strongly inhibited and numerous autophagosomes accumulated in H-4-II-E cells, whereas autolysosomes decreased in number. Acid phosphatase activity was not detected in the autophagosomes which accumulated in the presence of bafilomycin A1, suggesting that fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes was disturbed by this drug. Inhibition of the fusion was reversible, and the autophagosomes changed into autolysosomes after the removal of the inhibitor. Bafilomycin A1 also prevented the appearance of endocytosed HRP in autophagic vacuoles. These results suggested that acidification of the lumenal space of autophagosomes or lysosomes by V-ATPase is important for the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes.
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PMID:Bafilomycin A1 prevents maturation of autophagic vacuoles by inhibiting fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes in rat hepatoma cell line, H-4-II-E cells. 963 28


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