Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.6.1.3 (ATPase)
 65,361 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of manganese and ethanol interaction on some chemical constituents of the liver and serum of rats were investigated in order to assess the influence of these substances in inducing susceptibility to manganese poisoning. Manganese and ethanol alone or in combination were administered to the rats as drinking solutions for a period of 30 days. Both the chemicals had a synergistic effect in altering the activity of SDH and ATPase in the liver of rats. The combined treatment also produced significant increase in the activity of adenosine deaminase and alpha-amylase in the liver and serum respectively. Furthermore, the accumulation of manganese in the liver and the increase in the calcium content of the serum were significantly greater after combined ethanol and manganese administration--than either of them alone. These alterations indicate that the toxic effects of manganese are enhanced when the metal and ethanol interact in the biological system.
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PMID:The interaction between manganese and ethanol in rats. 15 83

Using specific anti-BiP/Kar2 antibody as the probe, we have developed an efficient purification method of BiP/Kar2 protein from the total cell extract of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Overproduction of BiP/Kar2 protein was achieved by the cloning of the KAR2 gene on multicopy plasmids and the treatment of cells harboring the cloned KAR2 gene with tunicamycin. Freeze-thaw treatment, hydroxyapatite high pressure liquid chromatography, and ATP-agarose column chromatography of crude extract yielded homogeneous BiP/Kar2 protein (including less than 0.2% of degradative derivative) with a 430-fold purification and 28% recovery. Edman degradation of purified BiP/Kar2 suggests that the mature protein corresponds to a processed product with the removal of a 42-amino acid presequence. It is active as a homodimer and exhibits ATPase activity with a specific activity of 2 pmol/min/micrograms of protein. Protease susceptibility indicated that the ADP form of BiP/Kar2 is more resistant than the ATP form to the chymotrypsin digestion and that BiP/Kar2 required the presence of ATP to avoid the irreversible denaturation. Synthesis of BiP/Kar2 was induced by the inducible expression of an aberrant heterologous protein, yeast killer prepro-signal mouse alpha-amylase fusion protein.
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PMID:Purification and characterization of BiP/Kar2 protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 132 40

The putative amino acid sequence from the wild-type Bacillus subtilis div+ gene, which complements the temperature-sensitive div-341 mutation, shares a 50% identity with the sequence from Escherichia coli secA (Y. Sadaie, H. Takamatsu, K. Nakamura, and K. Yamane, Gene 98:101-105, 1991). The B. subtilis div-341 mutant accumulated the precursor proteins of alpha-amylase and beta-lactamase at 45 degrees C as in the case of sec mutants of E. coli. The div-341 mutation is a transition mutation causing an amino acid replacement from Pro to Leu at residue 431 of the putative amino acid sequence. The B. subtilis div+ gene was overexpressed in E. coli under the control of the tac promoter, and its product was purified to homogeneity. The Div protein consists of a homodimer of 94-kDa subunits which possesses ATPase activity, and the first 7 amino acids of the putative Div protein were found to be subjected to limited proteolysis in the purified protein. The antiserum against B. subtilis Div weakly cross-reacted with E. coli SecA. On the other hand, B. subtilis Div could not replace E. coli SecA in an E. coli in vitro protein translocation system. The temperature-sensitive growth of the E. coli secA mutant could not be restored by the introduction of B. subtilis div+, which is expressed under the control of the spac-1 promoter, and vice versa. The B. subtilis div+ gene is the B. subtilis counterpart of E. coli secA, and we propose that the div+ gene be referred to as B. subtilis secA, although Div did not function in the protein translocation system of E. coli.
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PMID:In vivo and in vitro characterization of the secA gene product of Bacillus subtilis. 138 92

Serial transverse sections of m. vastus lateralis biopsies from six healthy men were reacted: (1) for myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (mATPase) to identify fibre types; or, (2) with alpha-amylase, periodic acid-Schiff (alpha PAS) to visualize capillaries. Sections were also processed with a new histochemical method for identification of fibre types and capillaries on the same skeletal muscle slice (mATPase/alpha PAS). Fibre type composition using either method was 41% type I, 37% type IIA and 22% type IIB. Types I, IIA and IIB least diameter areas (mean +/- SE, micron2) were similar in sections processed for mATPase/alpha PAS or mATPase (3976 +/- 338, 5187 +/- 373 and 4389 +/- 514 vs. 4092 +/- 345, 5100 +/- 360 and 4289 +/- 474, respectively). The number of capillaries per mm2 and per fibre did not differ in sections processed using the alpha PAS (315 +/- 29 and 1.48 +/- 0.12) or mATPase/alpha PAS (317 +/- 25 and 1.43 +/- 0.10) method. The number of capillaries was greater (P less than 0.05) around types I or IIA than type IIB fibres whether a section was processed for mATPase/alpha PAS (4.5 +/- 0.2 or 4.6 +/- 0.2 vs. 3.4 +/- 0.3) or when fibre profiles of serial sections reacted for mATPase or alpha PAS were 'matched' (4.5 +/- 0.2 or 4.4 +/- 0.2 vs. 3.4 +/- 0.3). The results indicate that histochemical and morphometric measures can be made on the same transverse section using the new method with substantial savings of time, cost and energy.
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PMID:Histochemical demonstration of skeletal muscle fibre types and capillaries on the same transverse section. 182 95

Mice of a transgenic mouse lineage 501, produced by zygotic injection of the parotid alpha-amylase promoter-SV40 T-antigen hybrid gene, developed osteosarcomas at about 15 months of age. The tumors predominantly involved the axial skeleton, were sometimes multiple, and metastasized to the liver. A cell line derived from a primary tumor produced osteosarcomas on transfer to nude mice. The 501 transgenic lineage thus provides a valuable new model for studying the histogenesis of osteosarcomas.
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PMID:Osteosarcomas in transgenic mice expressing an alpha-amylase-SV40 T-antigen hybrid gene. 238 95

Mineral water Naftusya and its components: macrosalt analog and bitumen fraction have been studied in vitro for their effect on enzymes of the mucous small intestine membrane: M2+ and Na+, K+-ATPase, alpha-amylase, proteinase and leucine aminopeptidase. It is shown that certain components of mineral water are able to change activity of some enzymes. Transport Na+, K+-ATPase proved to be the most sensitive to the action of studied factors. Mineral water and bitumen fraction induced an increase of the enzyme activity by 23, 20 and 45%, respectively. Mineral water and its salt analog induced inhibition of leucine aminopeptidase: its activity decreased by 16 and 15%, respectively. Digestive enzymes: alpha-amylase and proteinase are resistant to the action of mineral water and its components.
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PMID:[Digestive and transport enzymes of the small intestine under the action of low-mineralized water "Naftusya" and its components]. 271 65

Secretion granules have been isolated from the parotid glands of rats that have been chronically stimulated with the beta-adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol. These granules are of interest because they package a quantitatively different set of secretory proteins in comparison with granules from the normal gland. Polypeptides enriched in proline, glycine, and glutamine, which are known to have pI's greater than 10, replace alpha-amylase (pI's = 6.8) as the principal content species. The internal pH of granules from the treated rats ranges from 7.8 in a potassium sulfate medium to 6.9 in a choline chloride medium. The increased pH over that of normal parotid granules (approximately 6.8) appears to reflect the change in composition of the secretory content. Whereas normal mature parotid granules have practically negligible levels of H+ pumping ATPase activity (Arvan, P., G. Rudnick, and J. D. Castle, 1985, J. Biol. Chem., 260, 14945-14952) the isolated granules from isoproterenol-treated rats undergo a time-dependent internal acidification (approximately 0.2 pH unit) that requires the presence of ATP and is abolished by an H+ ionophore. Additionally, an inside-positive granule transmembrane potential develops after ATP addition that depends upon ATP hydrolysis. Two independent methods have been used that exclude the possibility that contaminating organelles are the source of the H+-ATPase activity. Together these data provide clear evidence for the presence of an H+ pump in the membranes of parotid granules from chronically stimulated rats. However, despite the presence of H+-pump activity, fluorescence microscopy with the weak base, acridine orange, reveals that the intragranular pH in live cells is greater than that of the cytoplasm.
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PMID:Isolated secretion granules from parotid glands of chronically stimulated rats possess an alkaline internal pH and inward-directed H+ pump activity. 302 80

Muscle biopsy samples were collected from the middle gluteal muscle of seven horses undergoing a nine-month endurance training programme. Samples were collected before the programme began and again after three, six and nine months of training. A fifth sample was collected three months after training ceased. Serial muscle sections were reacted histochemically for myosin adenosine triphosphatase after either acid (pH 4.3 and 4.6) or alkaline (pH 10.3) pre-incubation, and muscle fibres identified as type I, IIA, IIB or IIC. The oxidative capacity of individual fibres was assessed, using the reduced nicotinamide dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase stain, and the number of intermyofibrillar capillaries adjacent to each fibre was counted after staining, using the alpha-amylase periodic acid Schiff technique. Biochemical analyses involved the fluorometric measurement of the enzymes citrate synthase, 3-hydroxy acyl CoA dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase as markers of end terminal oxidative, beta oxidative and glycolytic potential, respectively. There was an increase in the percentage of type IIB fibres having high nicotinamide dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase staining after three months training. This increase persisted throughout the period of training and during the period without training. There was an increase in the number of capillaries adjacent to type IIB fibres after six and nine months training. These had returned to near pre-training numbers after three months without training. There were increases in the activities of citrate synthase and 3-hydroxy acyl CoA dehydrogenase after three months training. The activities of both enzymes continued to rise throughout training and the highest activities were attained after nine months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of a nine-month endurance training programme on muscle composition in the horse. 367 37

Biopsy samples were obtained from the middle gluteal muscle of 10 Thoroughbred horses undergoing a commercial race-training program. Samples were obtained before the program began and again after 6 and 12 weeks of training. All horses had raced at least once by the 12th week of training. Serial sections of muscle were examined histochemically for myosin adenosinetriphosphatase after either acid (pH 4.3 and 4.6) or alkaline (pH 10.3) preincubation, and then muscle fibers were identified as types I, IIA, IIB, or IIC. The oxidative capacity of individual fibers was assessed, using the reduced nicotinamide dinucleotide tetrazolium-reductase stain, and the number of intermyofibrillar capillaries adjacent to each fiber were counted after staining, using the alpha-amylase-periodic acid-Schiff technique. Biochemical analyses involved the fluorometric measurement of 3 enzymes--citrate synthase, 3-hydroxy-acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase--as markers of end terminal oxidative, beta-oxidative, and glycolytic potentials, respectively. Changes in fiber-type percentages did not occur in response to training. There was a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in the percentage of type IIB fibers, having high nicotinamide dinucleotide-tetrazolium reductase staining after 12 weeks of training. Alterations in the number of capillaries adjacent to each fiber type did not occur during the training period. There were increases in the activities of both citrate synthase and 3-hydroxy-acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase after 6 weeks (P less than 0.05) and 12 weeks (P less than 0.001) of training. Alterations in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase did not occur in response to training.
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PMID:Effects of training on muscle composition in horses. 394 89

In tissue decalcified with MgNa2EDTA at a neutral pH activity for ATPase can used be for demonstration of the vascular structures at the muscle-bone interface. The GOMORI method for alkaline phosphatase is only of value, when fresh unfixed tissue is to be examined. The azo-dye method for alkaline phosphatase failed to give satisfactory results, and so did the alpha-amylase PAS method. 5'-nucleotidase activity is present in both capillaries and in cells lining the surfaces of bones, while larger blood vessels are poorly stained.
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PMID:Methods for histochemical demonstration of vascular structures at the muscle-bone interface from cryostate sections of demineralized tissue. 616 24


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