Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.6.1.3 (ATPase)
 65,361 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The kinetics of K+ release from an in vitro system of rat submaxillary gland slices were studied after stimulation with parasympathomimetic secretagogues. The slices were incubated at 37degreesC in an oxygenated, enriched Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate medium in the presence and in the absence of Ca++ and of ouabain and, in some experiments, in the presence of the specific antagonists atropine (5 x 10(-6) and 2 x 10(-5) M), phentolamine (2 x 10(-5) M) or propranolol (2 x 10(-5) M. K+ release was elicited by the addition of acetylcholine (2 x 10(-5) M), pilocarpine (2 x 10(-5) M) and carbamylcholine (10(-9) to 2 x 10(-5) M). The results demonstrate that: 1) The selective stimulation of cholinergic receptors induces a rapid net release of K+ from the slices. After 10 minutes of incubation, the percent K+ released after a 2 x 10(-5) M dose of each of the three secretagogues was, respectively, 20.8%, 15.5%, and 19%. 2) The response to carbamylcholine does not occur when Ca++ is absent from the medium and is blocked by atropine but not by phentolamine or by propranolol. Atropine (5 x 10(-6) M) causes a 17-fold shift to the right on the dose-response curve to carbamylcholine. 3) The magnitude of K+ release is the ratio of two opposing mechanisms, a passive efflux and an active reuptake. The latter depends on the activity of the ouabain-sensitive Na+-K+-adenosine triphosphatase. 4) The sensitivity of the slice system to carbamylcholine seems to be greater than that to norepinephrine in terms of net K+ release after equimolar doses of 2 x 10(-5) M and also in terms of the dose required to induce a half maximal passive K+ efflux. However, the maximal passive K+ efflux is similar after both types of secretagogue and amounts of approximately 45% of the K+ present in the slices.
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PMID:Potassium release from the rat submaxillary gland in vitro. II. Induction by parasympathomimetic secretagogues. 13 10

Nicotine is a parasympathomimetic alkaloid present in tobacco which can induce hyperlipidemia and has a direct effect on neural functions. Statins, competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxymethyl-3-glutaryl-coenzyme-A reductase, are cholesterol lowering drugs. It has some neuroprotective effects. Hence we analysed the combined effect of nicotine and statin on the learning behaviour of male albino rats. We employed Y-Maze conditional discrimination task. Rats were divided into 4 groups with six rats in each group. (1) Control, (2) Atorvastatin (10mg/kgb.wt), (3) Nicotine (0.6mg/kgb.wt) and (4) Atorvastatin (10mg/kgb.wt)+Nicotine (0.6mg/kgb.wt). After 30days of treatment rats from each group were selected for behavioural study and they were observed for 30days. At the end of the experimental period rats were sacrificed, and brain and liver were dissected out for further biochemical analysis. Nicotine treated group showed least performance in learning in comparison with control, atorvastatin and atorvastatin+nicotine treated groups. Co-administration of atorvastatin and nicotine improved learning behaviour compared to nicotine treated group. Reactive oxygen species level was significantly increased in nicotine group compared to control. The level of neurotransmitter serotonin which has a significant role in learning was found to be decreased in nicotine treated group compared to the control group. Activity of Na(+) K(+) ATPase, Ca(2+) ATPase and glutathione content was significantly reduced in nicotine treated group compared to control. The activity of acetylcholine esterase was significantly increased in the nicotine treated group. Expression studies showed significant decrease in N-methyl D-aspartate receptors and increase in mono amine oxidase-A and mono amine oxidase-B in nicotine treated group and was reversed in atorvastatin + nicotine treated group. It can be concluded that co-administration of nicotine with statin ameliorates the neural functional alterations caused by nicotine to a significant level.
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PMID:Atorvastatin improves Y-maze learning behaviour in nicotine treated male albino rats. 2640 79