Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.6.1.3 (ATPase)
65,361 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Inactivation of wild-type p53 tumor suppressor function is the primary mechanism of tumor initiation in Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) individuals with germline p53 mutations. Tumors derived from LFS patients frequently retain the normal p53 allele, suggesting that alternative mechanisms in addition to gene deletion must be involved in inactivating wild-type p53 protein. DNA tumor viruses, such as SV40, target p53 for inactivation through the action of viral oncoproteins. We studied the probands from two unrelated LFS families, each of whom presented with multiple malignant neoplasms. Patient 1 developed an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and a choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC), while patient 2 developed a CPC and subsequently presented with both an osteosarcoma (OS) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We utilized DNA sequence analysis and immunohistochemistry to determine p53 gene status in the germline and tumors, as well as evidence for SV40 T-antigen oncoprotein expression. Each patient harbored a heterozygous germline p53 mutation at codons 175 and 273, respectively. In patient 1, the normal p53 gene was lost while the mutant p53 allele was reduced to homozygosity in the RMS. Both normal and mutant genes were maintained in the CPC. In patient 2, normal and mutant p53 alleles were retained in both the CPC and RCC. Both specific PCR and immunostaining detected SV40 T-antigen in both CPCs and the RCC. In addition to chromosomal alterations, epigenetic mechanisms may disrupt p53 function during tumorigenesis. In two LFS patients, we found SV40 DNA sequences and viral T-antigen expression that could account for inactivation of the normal p53 protein. Inactivation of p53 or other tumor suppressors by viral proteins may contribute to tumor formation in specific tissues of genetically susceptible individuals.
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PMID:Tissue-specific expression of SV40 in tumors associated with the Li-Fraumeni syndrome. 1149 39

Heat shock protein-90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone critical to the folding, stability and activity of over 200 client proteins including many responsible for tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. Hsp90 chaperone function is linked to its ATPase activity and Hsp90 inhibitors interfere with this activity, thereby making Hsp90 an attractive target for cancer therapy. Also post-translational modification (PTM) and co-chaperone proteins modulate Hsp90 function, providing additional targets for secondary inhibition. Recent reports have shown that pathogens utilize both their own Hsp90 and that of their host for the propagation of infectious elements. In this review we will summarize our current knowledge of Hsp90 structure and function in both the pathogen and the host. We will focus on the role of Hsp90 in viral and parasitic diseases and the potential beneficial application of Hsp90 inhibitors alone and in combination with disease-specific inhibitors.
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PMID:Targeting Hsp90 in Non-Cancerous Maladies. 2707 97

The intracellular calcium ions (Ca²⁺) act as second messenger to regulate gene transcription, cell proliferation, migration and death. Accumulating evidences have demonstrated that intracellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis is altered in cancer cells and the alteration is involved in tumor initiation, angiogenesis, progression and metastasis. Targeting derailed Ca²⁺ signaling for cancer therapy has become an emerging research area. This review summarizes some important Ca²⁺ channels, transporters and Ca²⁺-ATPases, which have been reported to be altered in human cancer patients. It discusses the current research effort toward evaluation of the blockers, inhibitors or regulators for Ca²⁺ channels/transporters or Ca²⁺-ATPase pumps as anti-cancer drugs. This review is also aimed to stimulate interest in, and support for research into the understanding of cellular mechanisms underlying the regulation of Ca²⁺ signaling in different cancer cells, and to search for novel therapies to cure these malignancies by targeting Ca²⁺ channels or transporters.
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PMID:Targeting calcium signaling in cancer therapy. 2811 4

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