Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.6.1.3 (ATPase)
65,361 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An increased incidence of high-grade malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas has been reported in homosexual men. This phenomenon appears to represent another facet of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Histologically, the majority of these lymphomas have been small noncleaved cell lymphomas or immunoblastic lymphomas, subtypes most commonly associated with a B-cell phenotype, but immunologic data supporting this have been limited. Using a plastic embedding technique, we have examined a series of 31 malignant lymphomas, including nine from the central nervous system (CNS), in patients with AIDS or at high risk for AIDS. All 31 of the lymphomas were positive with one or more of the following B-cell markers: HLA-DR/la, Pan B, Leu 12, Leu 14, and IgM. All 31 were negative for the pan-T reagent Leu 4 and myeloid-macrophage markers (Leu M1, nonspecific esterase). In addition, seven of the nine CNS lymphomas showed strong plasma membrane staining for adenosine triphosphatase, a B-associated marker. These findings provide strong immunologic evidence for a B-cell origin in the lymphomas of AIDS.
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PMID:Malignant lymphomas in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Additional evidence for a B-cell origin. 245 89

The resting human microglia have previously been shown to be cells of dendritic morphology expressing class II MHC antigens and macrophage specific antigens by immunocytochemical techniques. To examine the relationship between the microglia and the family of dendritic antigen presenting cells (APC), normal white matter from eight normal adults with no neurological disease at autopsy was examined by immunocytochemical techniques to localize antibodies to leukocyte common antigen (LCA), HLA-DR, CD1 (T6), CD4 (T4), and glial fibrillary acidic protein. In addition, enzyme histochemical staining for ATPase, non-specific esterase (NSE), and acid phosphatase (ACP) was performed. The normal microglia are ATPase +ve, NSE -ve, ACP -ve, HLA-DR +ve, LCA +ve, CD1 (T6) +ve and weakly CD4 (T4) +ve. This specialized phenotype closely resembles that of Langerhans cells and suggests that microglia are not simply quiescent phagocytes, but may have a primary role as microenvironmentally specialized APC. The finding of weak anti-CD4 (T4) immunoreactivity supports suggestions for a central role for this cell in infection of the central nervous system by human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
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PMID:Microglial cells in human brain have phenotypic characteristics related to possible function as dendritic antigen presenting cells. 253 Mar 24

The in vitro influence of retinol on the markers of gingival Langerhans cells (LC) was investigated using an organ culture system. Retinol at a dose of 5 micrograms/ml produced an increase in the density of T6-positive cells within the epithelium which peaked during the first 24 h of culture. LC HLA-DR and ATPase markers were maintained for the same period, while all markers were depressed after 72 h. These effects were not seen in explants cultured in conventional or alcohol-enriched media, in which all markers were lost in an exponential fashion. In addition to modulation of LC markers, retinol treatment also prolonged the expression of HLA-DR antigens by gingival keratinocytes. These findings, together with the augmented production of interleukin-1-like activity by retinol-treated gingival organ cultures suggest that low doses of retinol may alter immune reactions within epithelia via stimulation of both keratinocytes and LC.
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PMID:The in vitro effect of retinol on human gingival epithelium. II. Modulation of Langerhans cell markers and interleukin-1 production. 293 70

An immunohistochemical profile of cells in the mucosa and lamina propria of adult human bladders is described. Urothelial cells were HLA-DR-ve, ACP + ve and ATPase-ve. All lymphocytes in this layer were of the suppressor/cytotoxic T subgroup and dendritic cells with an identical phenotype to Langerhans cells were seen. In the lamina propria most lymphocytes were of the suppressor/cytotoxic type with some helper/inducer cells. An occasional natural killer cell and Langerhans cell was identified and large macrophage cells with a common phenotype to antigen presenting interdigitating (ID) cells were noted. Fibronectin staining was dense in the vicinity of basement membranes merging to form fine interconnecting latticework-like structures elsewhere in the lamina propria.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical analysis of the human bladder. 293 15

A 67-year-old man presented with a malignant tumor involving abdominal lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and lungs, with associated protracted fever and night sweats. The tumor consisted of large pleomorphic cells, often surrounding microabscesses. Intracytoplasmic S100 protein, surface T6, Leu-3a (T4), and HLA-DR antigens were demonstrated. The malignant cells also possessed ATPase activity. Ultrastructurally, the cells exhibited numerous interdigitating cell processes but no Birbeck granules. The anatomic distribution of the tumor, its ultrastructural features, immunologic phenotype, and enzymatic profile are all consistent with a derivation from lymph node interdigitating reticulum cell. The tumor was unresponsive to the chemotherapeutic agents administered, and the patient soon died.
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PMID:Lymph node interdigitating reticulum cell sarcoma. 293 10

Epithelial sheets from the limbus, cornea, and third eyelid of Hereford and non-Hereford cattle were examined for the presence of Langerhans cells (LC) using the membrane enzyme ATPase as a marker for LC. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that differences in LC density exist between the various ocular epithelia of these animals producing depressed immune surveillance in the case of Hereford cattle. The presence of LC in ocular tissues was confirmed by parallel studies which detected epithelial cells bearing T6, an antigen expressed by human LC. Studies using serial sections demonstrated that T6+ cells also reacted with an anti-human HLA-DR monoclonal antibody. The detection of T6+, DR+ and ATPase+ cells in ocular epithelium in the absence of infiltrating macrophages suggested that LC are present in these tissues. While there were no significant differences in the density of T6+ cells between non-Hereford and Hereford cattle, in the latter ATPase+ cells were significantly fewer in the lateral, medial, and upper limbus.
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PMID:Differential distribution of ATPase- and T6-positive cells (Langerhans cells) in the limbus and cornea of Hereford and non-Hereford cattle. 295 Jun 48

T-cell subsets extracted from chronically inflamed periodontal tissues were identified using monoclonal antibodies, and their functional activity was analysed using the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). Tissue was obtained from a total of 33 adult periodontitis (AP) patients and 6 normal/marginal gingivitis (N/MG) patients. All AP patients had received repeated oral hygiene instruction and root planing prior to the surgery, and the majority (30 out of 33) had at least one site with greater than 6 mm loss of attachment from the cementoenamel junction within the surgical field. The N/MG patients had no loss of attachment, and probing depths were less than 3 mm. Single cell suspensions were obtained following collagenase digestion (90 minutes at 37 degrees C) and mechanical disruption of the tissue. T-cell subsets were identified using an indirect immunofluorescence assay on cells obtained from 19 AP patients and the 6 N/MG patients. The mean (+/- standard error) helper:suppressor (T4:T8) ratio for the AP patients was found to be 0.94 +/- 0.48 compared with 1.65 +/- 0.16 for the N/MG group and 1.51 +/- 0.12 for peripheral blood controls. HLA-DR positive macrophages were identified and were found to include both acid phosphatase (AcP) positive and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) positive populations. Functional analysis was carried out using cells extracted from the remaining 14 AP patients. Cells from six of these 14 patients were found to be capable of spontaneous proliferation. Co-culture experiments using autologous T and non-T populations revealed that cells from only four patients were able to respond in an AMLR while those from only one of the 14 patients were able to stimulate the AMLR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Phenotypic and functional analysis of T cells extracted from chronically inflamed human periodontal tissues. 295 90

Previous studies utilizing enzyme histochemistry, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry have failed to establish the cell of origin in Kaposi's sarcoma. The authors have rigorously tested the prevailing hypothesis that the lesion defined as Kaposi's sarcoma is derived from vascular endothelial cells. They use seven markers to characterize endothelial cells: three antigens (Factor VIII-related antigen, HLA-DR/Ia, macrophage/endothelial antigens), three enzymes (5'-nucleotidase, ATPase, alkaline phosphatase), and lectin binding (Ulex europaeus I). They applied the markers first to normal skin and lymph node, and then to biopsy specimens from 40 patients with Kaposi's sarcoma. Normal blood vessel endothelium was positive for all seven markers, but normal lymphatic endothelium was negative for all of the markers except 5'-nucleotidase and Ulex europaeus lectin. The neoplastic cells in 40 cases of Kaposi's sarcoma closely resembled those of normal lymphatic endothelium but not those of blood vessel endothelium. This suggests that Kaposi's sarcoma may originate in lymphatic endothelium.
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PMID:Evidence for the origin of Kaposi's sarcoma from lymphatic endothelium. 298 60

The malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFHs) are a histologically heterogeneous group of sarcomas that have been postulated to be derived from, or have the capacity to differentiate into, histiocytes. To determine whether MFH tumor cells actually express the features of histiocytes, i.e., bone marrow-derived cells of monocyte-macrophage lineage, we studied the antigenic and enzymatic phenotype of 13 MFHs in situ using frozen and plastic sections, respectively. Five pleomorphic three fibrous, two myxoid, two giant cell, and one histiocytic MFH were studied. While tumor cells in 12 of 13 cases were positive for HLA-A,B,C, tumor cells in all cases failed to express antigens present on bone marrow-derived macrophages, i.e., leukocyte common antigen (L3B12), HLA-DR, Leu-M3, and Leu-3a. Interestingly 8 of 13 cases were positive for CALLA. Although nonspecific, this may prove useful in differential diagnosis. Enzyme histochemistry demonstrated that tumor cells in 9 of 13 cases were positive for membrane 5' nucleotidase (5'N+). Four of these were also alkaline phosphatase positive (ALKP+). All cases were either negative or weakly positive for acid phosphatase (ACIDP) and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE). Tumor cells were unreactive for alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase (ANBE) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATP). These findings indicate that MFH tumor cells do not express the enzymatic profile of cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage which are membrane 5'N-/ALKP- and ACIDP+/ANAE+/ANBE+/ membrane ATP+. In fact, these data suggest a similarity to fibroblasts which are membrane 5'N+, variably ALKP+, weakly ACIDP+/ANAE+, and ANBE-/membrane ATP-. Osteoclast-like giant cells present in two cases did express a histiocytic phenotype, suggesting that they are reactive elements not derived from admixed tumor cells. These results suggest that MFHs are primitive mesenchymal neoplasms, most likely sarcomas composed of poorly differentiated fibroblasts, and are unrelated to true histiocytic neoplasms.
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PMID:Malignant fibrous histiocytoma tumor cells resemble fibroblasts. 301 Jul 48

The persistence of Langerhans cells, melanocytes and ABH red cell antigens in human epidermal cell cultures derived from neonatal foreskin explants has been investigated. Langerhans cells were recognised via the detection of ATPase activity and by immunohistochemical staining for T6 and HLA-DR antigens. Melanocytes were detected by the dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) technique; whilst the presence of red cell antigens was confirmed by immunohistochemical tests using monoclonal anti-A, anti-B, and anti-H antibodies. Langerhans cells were not detected in the cultured epidermis, and few melanocytes were found more than 0.2 mm from the periphery of the explants. However, both Langerhans cells and melanocytes were found to persist for up to 4 weeks in the explants themselves. Red cell antigens, consistent with the blood group of the donor infant, were consistently detected on the surface of the differentiating keratinocytes throughout their in vitro lifespan. The significance of these findings is discussed.
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PMID:Epidermal cell populations and antigen expression in cultures of human neonatal epidermis. 309 14


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