Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.6.1.3 (ATPase)
65,361 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The presence of autoimmune gastritis was investigated in 54 women with postpartum thyroiditis. Parietal cell antibodies (PCA) specific against H+, K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.36) were found in 18 women during pregnancy; in 10 of them, a 2-9-fold increase in the PCA level was observed in the postpartum period. At a 5-year follow-up, the initially PCA-positive women still had elevated antibody levels. Hypergastrinemia and low pepsinogen levels were noted in 4 women. In 2 of these women low serum vitamin B12 levels had developed. In 6 of 9 PCA-positive women examined by gastroscopy, biopsy specimens from the gastric body mucosa contained mononuclear cells, mainly T lymphocytes (CD3+) and macrophages (Leu-M3+) combined with an aberrant epithelial expression of HLA-DR. In four patients with chronic gastritis, all parietal cells, as defined by a specific monoclonal antibody, were found to have immunoglobulin G (IgG) deposits by a double-immunostaining method. Three of them had microscopic evidence of atrophy, whereas in 1 patient the body mucosa was intact. In 1 further patient with intact glands at histological examination, the basolateral membrane of some oxyntic glands was coated with IgG. The selective in situ deposition of antibodies associated with histologically intact parietal cells may support the concept that specific autoantibodies participate in the early pathogenesis of parietal cell destruction.
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PMID:A study of autoimmune gastritis in the postpartum period and at a 5-year follow-up. 132

A 54-year-old man was admitted because of right supraclavicular lymphadenopathy of some weeks duration. Computed axial tomography revealed a large multinodular lesion in a supraclavicular lymph node. The patient then had a supraclavicular lymph node biopsy. Light microscopy showed a tumor whose structure was suggestive of an interdigitating cell sarcoma. Enzyme and immunohistochemical analysis showed that the tumor cells possessed membranous adenosine triphosphatase activity, intracytoplasmic S100 protein, surface CD1a and CD4 antigens, and HLA-DR antigen. Ultrastructural examination showed that the cells exhibited many interdigitating cytoplasmic extensions, but no Birbeck granules. DNA content analysis of the tumor cells proved that the cells were malignant. These data are consistent with derivation from a lymph node interdigitating cell.
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PMID:Lymph node interdigitating cell sarcoma. A case report. 172 55

Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) in human tonsils, either in situ in follicular germinal centres or isolated from tissue, were characterized by immunohistochemical, enzyme cytochemical and electron microscopical methods. Using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, expression of DRC-1, Ki-M4, HLA-DR, CR1, C1q antigens, a macrophage marker, and surface IgG and IgM were found on isolated FDC and on FDC in situ. None of these reagents proved to be specific for FDC, e.g. the FDC-directed antibodies DRC-1 and Ki-M4 labelled B lymphocytes in cytofluorography. Enzyme cytochemical staining revealed activities of non-specific esterase, acid alpha-naphthylacetate esterase and ATPase in germinal centres and in freshly isolated FDC. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated a weak expression of CD4 by a fraction of isolated FDC, which was confirmed by two-colour immuno-staining and immuno-electron microscopy.
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PMID:Human follicular dendritic cells: isolation and characteristics in situ and in suspension. 182 96

Langerhans cells (LC) are the principal antigen-presenting cells (APC) of squamous epithelia. We have previously shown that freshly isolated LC (fLC) are able to deliver endocytosed membrane MHC class II molecules into acidic environments, and that this capacity is lost when LC are placed in culture (cLC). Inasmuch as processing of antigens requires their passage through acidic compartments, we undertook the present study to examine the ability of fLC and cLC to take up acridine orange, and to identify proton-translocating ATPases in these cells. Using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, acridine orange was observed to accumulate in acidic compartments in both fLC and cLC. Using a radioactive ATPase assay, crude membrane preparations from both fLC and cLC were shown to possess three types of ion-translocating ATPase, based on sensitivity to the following inhibitors: ouabain (Na+, K+ ATPase), oligomycin (mitochondrial F1F0 ATPase), and bafilomycin (vacuolar-type proton pump ATPase); the last type is responsible for acidification in vacuolar compartments. cLC displayed markedly less (less than 50%) total ATPase activity compared to fLC; however, the relative proportions of specific ATPases were similar in fLC and cLC. Combined use of the three inhibitors resulted in abrogation of only 25-40% of the total ATPase activity. Finally, treatment of LC with bafilomycin inhibited both acridine orange uptake and acidification of internalized HLA-DR molecules. These results confirm the ability of both fLC and cLC to acidify vacuolar compartments, thereby suggesting that lack of acidification of endocytosed membrane class II molecules in cultured cells is due to alternative routing to non-acidic organelles.
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PMID:Vacuolar acidification and bafilomycin-sensitive proton translocating ATPase in human epidermal Langerhans cells. 182 37

A 77-year-old white woman presented with 1 1/2-year history of progressively enlarging cutaneous papules, nodules, and plaques, some of which had spontaneously regressed. Her past medical history included untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia for 10 years' duration. Multiple skin biopsy specimens revealed a diffuse superficial and deep dermal spindle-cell infiltrate accompanied by occasional foamy round cells and multinucleated giant cells. The spindle-shaped cells were focally arranged in a storiform pattern with prominent fibrous stroma. The spindle-shaped cells stained positively for numerous macrophage markers including CD45, factor XIIIa, Leu M5, HLA-DR, CD4, and Leu M3, consistent with dermal dendrocytes. They were also positive for nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase, which is typical of tissue macrophages. The spindle-shaped cells were negative for CD-1, S-100, and ATPase activity, thus excluding a Langerhans cell immunophenotype. Combining the clinical features, light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and enzymatic analysis, this patient appears to represent a novel cutaneous fibrohistiocytic proliferative disorder that features large numbers of dermal dendrocytes.
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PMID:Disseminated dermal dendrocytomas. A new cutaneous fibrohistiocytic proliferative disorder? 238 16

Morphology, phenotype, and enzyme activity of highly enriched (80%) unlabeled human epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) have been studied, with emphasis on changes during a short-term culture of three days in vitro. All freshly isolated LC contained Birbeck granules and expressed high levels of CD1a, CD1c, and MHC class II molecules HLA-DR, -DP, and -DQ. They have a weak to moderate expression of RFD1, C3biR, Fc gamma R, p 150/95, MHC class I molecules HLA-ABC, and of the adhesion molecules LFA-3 and ICAM-1, whereas no expression of LFA-1 and several monocyte/macrophage markers were detected. Human LC undergo profound changes during in vitro culture. Birbeck granules, C3biR, Fc gamma R, and p 150/95 were completely lost and the expression of CD1a and CD1c was markedly decreased or lost. Expression of molecules that have essential functions in antigen presentation remained present at the same level (MHC class II molecules and ICAM-1) or was markedly enhanced (LFA-3 and MHC class I). Highly remarkable was the dramatically enhanced expression of interdigitating cell marker RFD1. The monocyte/macrophage markers initially absent remained absent and the enzyme activity initially present (including ATPase and nonspecific esterase) remained present. In conclusion, the results in this report stress rapid alterations of human LC during in vitro culture, resulting in transformation into cells that have phenotypical characteristics of potent antigen presenting cells that resemble interdigitating cells.
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PMID:Human epidermal Langerhans cells undergo profound morphologic and phenotypical changes during in vitro culture. 240 65

Suction blisters were raised in lesions and normal appearing skin of patients with psoriasis. The blister roof which contains the epidermis separated at the dermal-epidermal junction was stained with ATPase, OKT-6 and anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibodies. The technique permits the counting of the Langerhans' cells per mm2. Their mean number varied between 888-987 cells per mm2 in control subjects with the three staining procedures. In patients with psoriasis, the number of cells before treatment was between 1110-1179 in uninvolved skin and 521-1001 per mm2 in the lesions as measured using both monoclonal antibodies and ATPase. However, the latter technique seemed to be inappropriate for lesional skin. After treatment with PUVA bath or oral PUVA with or without etretinate, fewer Langerhans' cells were seen in both lesions and normal appearing skin with the appearance of giant Langerhans' cells with long dendrites. In patients healed with anthralin + UV-B the Langerhans' cells appeared normal in number and size.
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PMID:Langerhans' cells in patients with psoriasis: effect of treatment with PUVA, PUVA bath, etretinate and anthralin. 240 30

The in vitro influence of the periodontopathic organism Fusobacterium nucleatum (FN) on gingival tissue was examined using an organ culture system. Treatment of gingival explants obtained from periodontally diseased sites with suspensions of FN, stimulated the expression of HLA-DR antigens by Langerhans cells (LC) in a dose-dependent fashion, and produced a maintenance of the LC markers T6 and ATPase. Similar effects were seen when E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was substituted for suspensions of FN. With both FN and LPS the expression of HLA-DR by gingival keratinocytes was maintained throughout the 72-h culture period, despite the cytotoxic effects of these agents. Using a variety of immunohistological techniques and a monoclonal antibody specific for the strain of FN used, it was possible to demonstrate the uptake of FN antigens by LC within the gingival epithelium.
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PMID:Modulation of HLA-DR antigens in the gingival epithelium in vitro by heat-killed Fusobacterium nucleatum and E. coli lipopolysaccharide. 241 24

Langerhans cells (LCs) have been identified in human skin by 10 weeks estimated gestational age (EGA), but it was not known when they first enter the epidermis or acquire HLA-DR, OKT-6, and ATPase reactivity. We assayed for LCs in human embryonic and fetal skin by using immunolabeling and histochemical techniques on epidermal sheets. HLA-DR+ and ATPase+ LCs were present in the epidermis by 6-7 weeks EGA, the youngest tissue examined. Most LCs were OKT-6- until about 12 weeks EGA when they underwent a dramatic increase in OKT-6 reactivity. Although LC densities between 50-100 days were statistically similar (100 cells/mm2 of epidermis), LCs early in development were smaller, less dendritic, and phenotypically heterogeneous. We conclude that LCs migrate into the epidermis during the first trimester and resemble the adult phenotype by the second trimester, long before the immune system is fully activated.
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PMID:Ontogeny of Langerhans cells in human embryonic and fetal skin: expression of HLA-DR and OKT-6 determinants. 242 3

Three different surface markers (OKT6, HLA-DR, and adenosinetriphosphatase) were compared to identify Langerhans' cells, and the changes in number and morphology of these cells were studied at different intervals after irradiation of human skin by a 2.5-fold minimal erythema dose of ultraviolet A. Morphologic alteration and decreased surface-marker reactivity became evident on day 2 and were most pronounced on day 3 or day 4 (injury phase). The recovery phase started between day 4 and 1 week and was complete by 3 weeks. HLA-DR+/OKT6- (DR+T6-) cells were present at all time intervals. The ratio of these cells to the sum of DR+T6- and DR+T6+ cells was 0.3% before irradiation, reached a peak of 65.4% at day 4, and decreased to 0.6% by 3 weeks.
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PMID:Quantitative and morphologic changes of Langerhans' cells after ultraviolet A irradiation of human epidermis. 244 92


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