Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.6.1.3 (ATPase)
 65,361 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Muscle biopsy samples were collected from the middle gluteal muscle of seven horses undergoing a nine-month endurance training programme. Samples were collected before the programme began and again after three, six and nine months of training. A fifth sample was collected three months after training ceased. Serial muscle sections were reacted histochemically for myosin adenosine triphosphatase after either acid (pH 4.3 and 4.6) or alkaline (pH 10.3) pre-incubation, and muscle fibres identified as type I, IIA, IIB or IIC. The oxidative capacity of individual fibres was assessed, using the reduced nicotinamide dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase stain, and the number of intermyofibrillar capillaries adjacent to each fibre was counted after staining, using the alpha-amylase periodic acid Schiff technique. Biochemical analyses involved the fluorometric measurement of the enzymes citrate synthase, 3-hydroxy acyl CoA dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase as markers of end terminal oxidative, beta oxidative and glycolytic potential, respectively. There was an increase in the percentage of type IIB fibres having high nicotinamide dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase staining after three months training. This increase persisted throughout the period of training and during the period without training. There was an increase in the number of capillaries adjacent to type IIB fibres after six and nine months training. These had returned to near pre-training numbers after three months without training. There were increases in the activities of citrate synthase and 3-hydroxy acyl CoA dehydrogenase after three months training. The activities of both enzymes continued to rise throughout training and the highest activities were attained after nine months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Vet Rec 1987 Sep 19
PMID:Effects of a nine-month endurance training programme on muscle composition in the horse. 367 37

Ouabain-sensitive Na+-K+-ATPase activity was localized histochemically in the submandibular gland of the mouse under various conditions using p-nitrophenylphosphate as substrate at pH 9. In untreated adult males and females, intense staining was seen in the basally striated portions of the epithelial cells lining the excretory and striated ducts. The region of the lateral cell membranes, but not of the apical plasmalemma, also stained. In granular convoluted tubules (GCTs), strong staining was seen only in a narrow band of the basalmost region of the cells; in males this stained region was thinner than in females, and frequently was absent. The baso-lateral margins of acinar and intercalated duct cells gave a very weak reaction. In untreated males, or in females that were treated with dihydrotestosterone, overall staining for the enzyme was always less than in untreated females, due to the diminished reactivity of androgen-stimulated GCT cells and the decreased number of striated ducts. However, in females treated with triiodothyronine, enhanced activity of Na+-K+-ATPase was indicated by stronger staining in all cell types, including the hypertrophied GCT cells. Na+-K+-ATPase activity was undetected in the submandibular glands at birth, but moderate staining was seen in the larger excretory and striated ducts by 5 days of age. From 10 days of age onward, intense staining was seen in the excretory and striated portions of the ramifying duct system. Developing GCT cells could not be distinguished from their precursor cells in the striated ducts until 25 days of age. These data indicate that the salt-handling capacity of the submandibular gland of the mouse varies with both endocrine status and age.
Anat Rec 1984 Sep
PMID:Histochemical localization of ouabain-sensitive, K+-dependent p-nitrophenylphosphatase (Na+-K+-ATPase) activity in the submandibular gland of the mouse: effect of androgen, thyroid hormone, or postnatal age. 609

Gastric K+-NPPase represents a partial reaction of the (K+-H+)ATPase system, which is considered to be the proton pump in mammalian parietal cells. In the present paper, K+-NPPase activity was cytochemically studied by the method of Mayahara et al. (1980) in gastric glands of birds, amphibia, and mammals, either in the resting state induced by cimetidine or after stimulation of HCl secretion by histamine. The gastric K+-NPPase cytochemical reaction was localized only in oxyntic cells of the gastric mucosa in the three species tested. The subcellular distribution of the K+-NPPase reaction product drastically changes with the secretory state of HCl. In resting cells, the K+-NPPase staining is associated with the membranes of the endocellular tubular system while in HCl-secreting cells, it is associated with the plasma membrane of the elaborate secretory surface characteristic of this functional state. The above results demonstrate that the same enzymatic activity, which is associated with the gastric proton pump, is present in both membranous systems of the oxyntic cell secretory pole. This fact supports the proposal that the tubular system represents a membrane reserve that inserts the proton pump into the luminal plasma membrane in vertebrate oxyntic cells under the action of HCl secretagogues.
Anat Rec 1984 Dec
PMID:Redistribution of gastric K+-NPPase in vertebrate oxyntic cells in relation to hydrochloric acid secretion: a cytochemical study. 609 93

Three DNA-dependent ATPases (gamma phosphohydrolases) can be isolated from Bacillus subtilis cells. We studied these enzymes in a number of mutants deficient in recombination or repair functions (rec, uvr) and in competent cells. The recA mutant studied had lower ATPase II activity, while competent cells had higher ATPase I activity, in comparison with the parental strain not brought to competence.
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PMID:DNA-dependent ATPases in Bacillus subtilis mutants and in competent cells. 614 20

Muscle spindles were traced in serial transverse sections of cat tenuissimus muscles. Histochemical staining for "myofibrillar" adenosine 5'-triphosphatase was employed to identify nuclear bag1 intrafusal muscle fibers. Staining for cholinesterases (ChE) was used to demonstrate the termination sites of motor axons along the fibers. Several types of ChE deposits could be distinguished along the bag1 fibers based on intensity of staining and morphological characteristics. Most ChE deposits could be classified as either the "pale" or the "nonpale" plates. Some ChE active areas fitted neither of these two categories. Among 328 ChE "plates" encountered on 192 bag, fiber poles, 197 (60%) were of the "pale" and 27 (8%) of the "nonpale" type with 104 (32%) remaining unclassified. These histochemical observations are discussed with regard to the current structural and functional concepts of motor innervation of the nuclear bag1 fiber. It is suggested that the histochemical (ChE staining intensity) and morphological (length and form) characteristics of bag1 fiber motor endings are not determined solely by the nature of the corresponding motor axons.
Anat Rec 1982 Mar
PMID:A study of motor nerve terminals on cat nuclear bag1 intrafusal muscle fibers using the ChE staining technique. 617 47

The muscle fibers of the cranial slip of M. pectoralis pars thoracica of an emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) were studied histochemically for intracellular lipid, succinic dehydrogenase, myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase, and acetylcholinesterase. It was concluded that the muscle consisted of approximately 28% slow-tonic and 72% fast-twitch glycolytic fibers. The tonic fibers were considered to be characteristic of a postural muscle, and the fast-twitch glycolytic fibers to reflect the inability of the muscle to engage in sustained activity. The general absence of slow-tonic fibers from the pectoralis of other avian species so far studied may be attributed to inadequate sampling of the deeper regions of the muscle.
Anat Rec 1984 Jul
PMID:Some histochemical properties of the fiber types in the pectoralis muscle of an emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae). 623 56

Cat intrafusal muscle fibers were examined histochemically in serial transverse sections of tenuissimus muscle spindles. The "myofibrillar" adenosine triphosphatase staining reaction was used to recognize the nuclear bag and the nuclear chain fibers in 309 spindle poles. Poles of 40 nuclear chain fibers extended for 1,000 micrometer or more beyond the termination of the spindle capsule. These long chain fibers stained less intensely for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) than the typical chain fibers of shorter polar length. In sections stained for cholinesterases (ChE), the extracapsular regions of most long chain fibers displayed one or two short, dense "plate"-type ChE deposits, which may represent the terminals of skeleto-fusimotor axons. In addition, about one-third of the long chain fibers displayed one or more thinner and smaller areas of ChE activity, possibly corresponding to the endings of fusimotor axons. The overall ChE staining pattern of the typical chain fibers was unlike that of the long chains. However, some of the shorter nuclear chain fibers resembled long chain fibers with the NADH-TR reaction, even though their ChE "plates" were located intracapsularly. It is concluded that nuclear chain fibers in the cat spindle form a class of intrafusal fibers with heterogeneous histochemical properties, and that the long chain fibers represent one fiber subtype.
Anat Rec 1980 Dec
PMID:Histochemical study of long nuclear chain fibers in the cat muscle spindle. 645 71

Histochemical properties, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, muscle fiber length, and the oxidative capacity of masticatory muscles of female rhesus monkeys were assessed following alteration in functional length by an intraoral appliance or by detachment of the muscle. Experimental groups received the appliance only (A); the appliance and subsequent detachment of the masseter (AD); the appliance and detached masseter, but with surgical reattachment of the masseter to the pterygomasseteric sling (ADR); no appliance, but detachment and reattachment of masseter (DR); or an appliance which was removed after 24 weeks to study posttreatment responses (PT). Animals were sacrificed and the muscles were studied at intervals from 4 to 48 weeks after initiation of the experimental period. The results of these studies led to the following conclusions: (1) Stretching the masseter and temporalis muscles within physiological limits did not significantly alter the proportion of fiber types, although oxidative capacity of the fibers was reduced. (2) Fibers with "intermediate" myofibrillar ATPase activity were no more prevalent in experimental than control muscles. (3) The cross-sectional area of Type I fibers of masseter muscles decreased following some experimental procedures, indicating that recruitment of these fibers is the most sensitive to altered jaw function. (4) Minimal alteration of muscle capillarity was induced by any of the experimental procedures. (5) The lengths of masseter muscle fibers in Group PT and of temporalis muscle fibers in groups AD and ADR were greater than in control animals.
Anat Rec 1981 Jun
PMID:Adaptation of the masseter and temporalis muscles following alteration in length, with or without surgical detachment. 645 41

Regional differences in the proximal part of mouse epididymis were reported to provide a morphological baseline for studies on functional zonation of this part that is critical in sperm maturation. Macroscopical, histological, ultrastructural, and histochemical observations permitted us to subdivide this part into five segments, characterized by epithelial height, nuclear position, cytological and histochemical features of principal cells. Segment I corresponded to the initial segment previously described in rodents. Segment II differed from segment I by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and dictyosomes aspect in principal cells, apical alkaline phosphatase and Ca2+-dependent ATPase activities. Segment III was characterized by spermatozoa package, high content of cells in multivesicular bodies, mitochondria shape, complex interdigitating membranes, and strong periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive cell border. Segments IV and V presented the same cytological features but differed by their esterase activity. In the principal cells of each segment, dense spherical concretions were scattered in ER caveolae. Cells with apical nuclei were classified into two groups. The cells of the first group presented the same morphological and histochemical features as the adjacent principal cells and were scattered in the five segments ("apical cells"). The cells of the second group differed from the others by their goblet shape, a dense cytoplasm, and a high mitochondria succinate-D activity. They presented different cytological and histochemical features depending on their localization in segments I ("narrow cells"), II ("prominent cells"), or III, IV, V ("mitochondria goblet-cells"). The possible relationships between epithelium structure and epididymal functions were herein discussed.
Anat Rec 1984 Jun
PMID:Regional differences of the proximal part of mouse epididymis: morphological and histochemical characterization. 646 30

A comparison of the anatomy, fiber type profiles, and contractile properties of the wrist flexor muscles was undertaken in the cat. Isometric contractile characteristics were measured for each muscle. Three muscle fiber types, FG, FOG, and SO, were differentiated by staining cross sections of each muscle for ATPase, NADH diaphorase, SDH, and alpha-GPD activities. The wrist flexor muscles ranged from less than 1% to 49% SO fiber content; with two of the five heads of the flexor digitorium profundus (FDP) having 1% or less SO fibers (FDP1-1.07%, FDP5-0.81%) and the humeral head of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (FCUh) having the greatest content of SO fibers. The mean contraction time (CT) plus one-half relaxation time for an isometric twitch was correlated with the percentage of SO fibers and ranged from 40.5 to 111.8 ms. Except for the FCU (37ms), the CT was less than 25 ms for the wrist flexor muscles. The uniarticular wrist flexor muscles, the flexor carpi radialis (FCR), and the FCU had the highest percentage of SO fibers and were more fatigue-resistant that the multiarticular muscles. Considerable differences exist in muscle structure, fiber type proportions, and contractile properties between the FCR and FCU, which may be related to functional differences between the two sides of the wrist that may exist during the placement of the foot during locomotion.
Anat Rec 1981 Mar
PMID:Morphological organization and contractile properties of the wrist flexor muscles in the cat. 725 81


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