Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.6.1.3 (ATPase)
 65,361 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have measured capillary distribution in costal and crural canine diaphragm using two methods: histochemical processing and perfusion fixation. Each of 18 dogs was deeply anesthetized, the abdomen opened, and the left inferior phrenic artery cannulated. The animal was heparinized and overdosed with pentobarbital. The right hemidiaphragm was frozen, either postexcision (Protocol 1) or intact with no preload (Protocol 2), for histochemical processing. The left hemidiaphragm was fixed by perfusion in situ using 2% glutaraldehyde, either with preload (Protocol 1) or without (Protocol 2). Costal and crural regions of each hemidiaphragm were sampled for analysis. Frozen samples were sectioned and processed for acid-stable (pH 4.0) ATPase activity; perfusion-fixed samples were postfixed, stained, embedded in Epon, and sectioned. Measurements were made using a digital imaging system. We found that muscle fibers had smaller cross-sectional areas in costal than in crural diaphragm; capillary-to-fiber ratio (C:F) did not differ by region and regional differences in capillary density could be attributed to differences in fiber size. Results depended critically on methodology. In perfusion-fixed muscle, fiber area was less, C:F was greater, and capillary density was greater than in histochemically-processed tissue. We conclude that capillary distribution is similar in costal vs. crural diaphragm and that perfusion fixation identifies capillaries more effectively than histochemistry.
Anat Rec 1992 Sep
PMID:Capillaries measured in canine diaphragm by two methods. 141 96

Muscle spindles and extrafusal fibers in the tenuissimus muscle of mature golden Syrian hamsters were studied morphologically and quantitatively using several light microscopic techniques. Muscle spindles were identified in serial-transverse frozen-sections of whole muscles stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Five tenuissimus muscles were examined from origin to insertion, and the locations of individual receptors were plotted in camera-lucida reconstructions. Spindles were found in proximity to the main neurovascular bundle in the central core of each muscle. A range of 16-20 receptors was noted per muscle. The mean muscle spindle index (the total number of spindles per gram of muscle weight) was 503 and the average spindle length was 7.5 mm. Oxidative enzyme and myosin adenosine-triphosphatase (ATPase) staining profiles were also evaluated in the intrafusal and extrafusal fibers in each muscle. Even numbers of type I and type IIA extrafusal fibers were distributed homogeneously throughout all muscle cross-sections. Histochemical staining patterns varied along the lengths of the three intrafusal fiber types. Nuclear chain fibers possessed staining properties similar to the type IIA extrafusal fibers and exhibited no regional variations. Bag1 fibers displayed staining variability, particularly when treated for myosin ATPase under acid preincubation conditions. Some spindles were isolated under darkfield illumination and then either treated with 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD)-phallacidin to detect filamentous actin by fluorescence microscopy, or prepared for conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM). By fluorescence microscopy, a registered actin banding-pattern was observed in the sarcomeres of the intrafusal fibers, and variations in the intensity of banding were noted amongst different fibers. SEM revealed punctate sensory nerve endings that adhered intimately to the surfaces of underlying intrafusal fibers in the equatorial and juxtaequatorial regions. By transmission electron microscopy (TEM) these endings appeared crescent-shaped and were enveloped by external laminae. Each profile contained numerous mitochondria and cytoskeletal organelles. The high spindle density observed in this muscle suggests that the hamster tenuissimus may function in hindlimb proprioception.
Anat Rec 1992 Apr
PMID:Morphometry and histoenzymology of the hamster tenuissimus and its muscle spindles. 153 82

The articularis humeri (AH) muscle of the horse is a small muscle composed of histochemically identified type I and IIA extrafusal fibers and a large number of muscle spindles. A total of 150 complete spindles with both spindle poles available were examined in serial transverse sections. On the basis of myosin ATPase-staining reactions after alkaline and acid preincubations, four types of intrafusal fibers, namely, bag1, bag2, "mixed" bag, and chain fibers, were identified. A high proportion of the spindle population (62.6%) consisted of multiple-bag spindles containing three or more (up to six) bag fibers. Also one-bag-fiber spindles were observed. The one-bag-fiber spindles containing a bag2 fiber could be traced into tandem linkages. "Mixed" bag intrafusal fibers, differing in their ATPase staining profile at the two poles, were found in spindles containing also at least one bag1 and one bag2 fiber. An unusually long extracapsular tract (up to 5,500 microns) of the bag intrafusal fibers was observed.
Anat Rec 1992 Mar
PMID:High incidence of multiple-bag fiber muscle spindles in the articularis humeri muscle of the horse. 154 62

To investigate the functional stages of osteoclasts, the ultrastructural histochemical distribution of the lysosomal enzymes [acid phosphatase (tartrate-sensitive) and neutral phosphatase], the plasma membrane enzymes [alkaline phosphatase, Ca(++)-ATPase, and alkaline ouabain-insensitive p-nitrophenylphosphatase (alkaline p-NPPase)], and the mitochondrial enzyme (cytochrome C oxidase) was evaluated in the chicken tibial metaphysis. Both active-appearing and detached (resting) osteoclasts were studied. Serial sectioning was used to identify detached osteoclasts which were present in the perivascular space. The ultrastructure of detached osteoclasts was similar to that of active osteoclasts, except for the lack of a ruffled border and clear zone, and an altered distribution pattern of small vesicles. Small vesicles were uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm of resting osteoclasts, whereas they were concentrated beneath the ruffled border of active osteoclasts. Alkaline p-NPPase, a marker enzyme for the basal ruffled border, was also apparent on the membrane of small vesicles. However, the vesicles did not possess Ca(++)-ATPase, a marker enzyme for the apical plasma membrane. These findings support the concept that small vesicles serve as a membrane reservoir for the ruffled border membrane. Pre-osteoclasts contained abundant mitochondria and lysosomes, prominent Golgi complexes, moderately developed endoplasmic reticulum, and lacked small vesicles. Pre-osteoclasts appear to fuse with osteoclasts which are attached to the bone surface, but not with detached osteoclasts. The small vesicles, from which the ruffled border arises, are absent from pre-osteoclasts, suggesting that they develop after fusion with pre-existing osteoclasts or after attachment to the bone surface. Alkaline p-NPPase appears to be a marker for differentiation of pre-osteoclasts to mature osteoclasts.
Anat Rec 1991 Nov
PMID:Characterization of the functional stages of osteoclasts by enzyme histochemistry and electron microscopy. 166 72

An ultrastructural, enzymohistochemical, and immunohistochemical study of the ductus epididymis in normal men was undertaken to investigate the characteristics of the apical mitochondria-rich cells (AMRCs). These cells, which differ morphologically from the principal cells (PCs), appear in isolation in the caput epididymidis (5.8 +/- 1.7 cells per cross-sectional duct) and only occasionally in the corpus epididymidis. The morphologic appearance of AMRCs varies from slender cells extending from the basement membrane to the lumen to apical cells without apparent contact with the basement membrane. The former display a round pale nucleus located in the middle of the epithelium; the apical cells have a dark nucleus, which, surrounded by a narrow cytoplasmic band, protrudes into the lumen. The cytoplasm of AMRCs is electron-dense and contains numerous mitochondria surrounded by rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. In the apical portion, there are lysosomes, vesicles with an electron-dense granule, and vacuoles showing a variable size and content. The stereocilia are shorter and less numerous than those of the PCs. The AMRCs are similar to the PCs in the intensely positive reaction for the enzymatic activity acid phosphatase, as well as in the lack of reaction for alkaline phosphatase and phosphorylase activities. AMRCs differ from PCs in: (1) a more intense reaction to the enzymatic activities ATPase, NADP, and succinic dehydrogenease, (2) a more intense immunostaining by AE1/AE3 and Ks4.62 anti-cytokeratin antibodies, and anti-estradiol receptor protein (D5) antibodies, and (3) a lower staining affinity for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) antibodies. No positive immunostaining for the anti-cytokeratin Ks8.6 antibodies was observed in either AMRCs or PCs.
Anat Rec 1991 Sep
PMID:Apical mitochondria-rich cells in the human epididymis: an ultrastructural, enzymohistochemical, and immunohistochemical study. 172 7

Osteopenia is a recognized complication of diabetes mellitus in humans and experimental animals. We recently found that tetracyclines prevent osteopenia in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat and that this effect was associated with a restoration of defective osteoblast morphology (Golub et al., 1990). The present study extends these initial ultrastructural observations by assessing osteoblast function in the untreated and tetracycline-treated diabetic rats. After a 3-week protocol, non-diabetic control and diabetic rats, including those orally administered a tetracycline, minocycline (MC), or a non-antimicrobial tetracycline analog (CMT), were perfusion-fixed with an aldehyde mixture; the humeri were dissected and processed for ultracytochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) and Ca-ATPase activities. Some rats from each experimental group received an intravenous injection of 3H-proline as a radioprecursor of procollagen, and the humeri were processed for light microscopic autoradiography. In addition, the osteoid volume in each experimental group was quantitatively examined by morphometric analysis of electron micrographs. During the diabetic state, active cuboidal osteoblasts in the endosteum of control rats were replaced by flattened bone-lining cells that contained few cytoplasmic organelles for protein synthesis (Golgi-RER system), and active transport (mitochondria). Treating diabetic rats with MC, and even more so with CMT, appeared to "restore" osteoblast structure. During diabetes, bone-lining cells incorporated little 3H-proline or secreted little labeled protein and produced only a very thin osteoid layer. Tetracycline administration to the diabetics increased both the incorporation of 3H-proline by osteoblasts and their secretion of labeled protein toward the osteoid matrix, in a pattern similar to that seen in the non-diabetic controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Anat Rec 1991 Sep
PMID:Tetracycline administration restores osteoblast structure and function during experimental diabetes. 183 18

The inactivation of rec BC (D) DNase upon chromatography on DEAE-cellulose was observed. Simultaneously DNA-stimulated ATPases (I and II) and DNase activities on single- and double-stranded DNA substrates were measured in Escherichia coli rec+ and rec- cell extracts. Normal levels of ATPase I and II were detected in rec+ cells. Rec A- cells were lacking DNA dependent ATPase I, while rec B single and rec BC double mutants were defective in DNA dependent ATPase II, the second major enzyme of this type. Rec B and C mutations did not change DNase activities. Rec A mutation significantly increased DNase activity on linear single-stranded substrate.
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PMID:Rec mutants of Escherichia coli deficient in subunits of rec BC (D) complex. 196 45

Serial cross and longitudinal sections from the intracapsular portions of intrafusal fibers of rat and rabbit tibialis anterior muscles were examined by fluorescence microscopy with a library of monoclonal antibodies directed against different epitopes on myosin heavy chains. Intrafusal fiber types were identified with the histochemical reactions for acid-stable and alkali-stable actomyosin ATPase. Three antibodies, known to react with avian heart and slow-tonic myosins, produced fluorescent staining in intrafusal fibers. Nuclear bag2 fibers reacted with all three antibodies, chain fibers with two, and nuclear bag1 fibers with only one. These results indicate that in rat and rabbit tibialis anterior muscle spindles nuclear bag2 fibers and chain fibers contain more than one myosin isoform. They also demonstrate that, in addition to the histochemical actomysin ATPase reaction, nuclear chain fibers and the two types of nuclear bag fibers can be identified by the selective reactivities of their myosin heavy chains.
Anat Rec 1989 Nov
PMID:Reactivity of rat and rabbit intrafusal fibers with monoclonal antibodies directed against myosin heavy chains. 281 37

Intercalated cells of the kidney collecting duct are able to modify the structure of their apical plasma membrane in response to different physiological conditions. It has been proposed that this process involves the transfer of membrane components (including a proton-pumping ATPase) to and from the apical membrane by a specialized population of tubulovesicles that are found in the apical cytoplasm of these cells. These vesicles have a prominent cytoplasmic coat of regularly arranged dense studs that we have recently shown to be immunocytochemically and morphologically distinct from clathrin. In this study, we have examined the function of these vesicles by using horseradish peroxidase as a tracer of endocytosis at the light and electron microscopic levels. Following the intravenous injection of rats with the tracer, we found a massive labeling of the tubulovesicle compartment of intercalated cells, providing direct evidence that these nonclathrin-coated vesicles are involved in endocytotic events in this cell type. This novel membrane coating material could contain the cytoplasmic domains of molecules transported to and from the plasma membrane by these vesicles (e.g., and H+ ATPase) or it could be a molecule that is involved in vesicle function, by analogy with clathrin.
Anat Rec 1987 Jul
PMID:Nonclathrin-coated vesicles are involved in endocytosis in kidney collecting duct intercalated cells. 282 Feb 65

A cytochemical technique for the electron microscopic localization of calcium adenosine triphosphatase (Ca-ATPase) was utilized to localize this enzyme in the enterocytes of rachitic and vitamin D-replete chicks. In animals treated with cholecalciferol (CC, vitamin D3), an electron-dense reaction product was located along the basolateral membranes of the absorptive cells within 72 hr after injection. Similarly, a reaction product was identified in association with the basolateral membranes within 24 hr after injection of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, the active metabolite of vitamin D. A microvillar reaction product was not seen in either of these two groups. Electron-dense reaction products were also seen in association with mitochondria and scattered throughout the cytoplasm of these enterocytes. The Ca-ATPase reaction product was dependent upon the presence of medium calcium and substrate (ATP), was inhibited by vanadate, and was heat labile. In the rachitic animals, a reaction product indicative of Ca-ATPase activity was not seen in association with either the basolateral membranes or the mitochondria. These data appear to indicate that an energy-requiring calcium-activated membrane pump plays a role in the flux of calcium across the enterocytes of the small intestine.
Anat Rec 1987 Dec
PMID:Electron microscopic cytochemical localization of a basolateral calcium adenosine triphosphatase in vitamin D replete chick enterocytes. 283 84


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