Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase)
 5,136 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previous studies using the lectin RCA-I from Ricinus communis have indicated that several lysosomal enzymes in the fibroblasts of patients deficient in beta-galactosidase carry excess terminal galactose. Electrophoretic studies have shown that the same enzymes and the non-lysosomal adenosine deaminase also show excess terminal sialic acid in patients deficient in sialidase. In this paper we confirm, using Jack-bean beta-galactosidase, that the binding to RCA-I of the purified N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase from a patient with GM1 gangliosidosis depends on a terminal beta-linked galactose. We provide evidence, using bacterial sialidase and measuring the binding to RCA-I, for excess subterminal galactose on the enzymes of patients deficient in sialidase. We also show that adenosine deaminase from the fibroblasts of patients deficient in beta-galactosidase has increased binding to RCA-I. These observations suggest that in healthy individuals the carbohydrate structure of the precursors of lysosomal enzymes and possibly some other glycoproteins also includes extended carbohydrate side chains with terminal sialic acid and subterminal galactose, and that the mature enzyme extracted from tissues is the product of degradation.
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PMID:The role of lysosomal sialidase and beta-galactosidase in processing the complex carbohydrate chains on lysosomal enzymes and possibly other glycoproteins. 643 95

Ten enzymes, all known to be glycoproteins, were examined by electrophoresis or gel isoelectric focusing in 12 different patients with primary or secondary sialidase deficiency. Aberrant electrophoretic mobilities of many of the enzymes attributable to abnormal sialylation were found in all the patients. In ten of the patients seven of the enzymes were affected. The unaffected enzymes were beta-galactosidase, alkaline phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase. In the cells from the two patients with I cell disease (mucolipidosis II) in which sialidase is one of many deficient enzymes, beta-galactosidase, alpha-galactosidase, alpha-fucosidase and alpha-mannosidase were undetectable, alkaline phosphatase showed a normal electrophoretic mobility and acid phosphatase, adenosine deaminase, alpha-glucosidase and beta-D-N-acetylhexosaminidase showed aberrant mobilities.
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PMID:Electrophoretic analysis of glycoprotein enzymes in the sialidoses and mucolipidoses. 645 53

Complementation analysis by somatic cell hybridization to produce heterokaryons has shown that at least three complementation groups exist within the disorders in which the enzyme sialidase is deficient. We have confirmed these results by electrophoretic analysis of two glycoprotein enzymes, adenosine deaminase and acid phosphatase, which show aberrant electrophoretic mobilities in these disorders. These abnormal forms, which have excess sialic acid bound, disappear on complementation and are replaced by normal mobility components. It is suggested that the sialidase produced on complementation uses the abnormal forms as natural substrates and that they may represent normal intermediates in the processing of glycoprotein enzymes.
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PMID:Complementation analysis of human sialidase deficiency using natural substrates. 731 79

Many of the deadliest neglected tropical diseases are caused by protozoan and helminthic parasites. These organisms have evolved several enzymes to exploit their host's metabolic resources and evade immune responses. Because these essential proteins are absent in humans, they are targets for antiparasitic drug development. Despite decades of investigation, no therapy has been successful in the eradication of these diseases, so new approaches are desired. Chemically stable analogues of the transition states of enzymatic reactions are often potent inhibitors, and several examples of clinically effective compounds are known for other diseases. The design of transition-state analogues is aided by structural models of the transition state, which are obtained by complementing experimental measurement of kinetic isotope effects with theoretical calculations. Such transition-state-guided inhibitor design has been demonstrated for human, bovine, malarial, and trypanosomal enzymes of the purine salvage pathway, including purine nucleoside phosphorylase, nucleoside hydrolases, and adenosine deaminase. Cysteine proteases, trans-sialidase, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase, and trypanothione synthetase are presented as additional candidates for application of transition-state analysis with the goal of identifying new leads for the treatment of parasitic neglected tropical diseases.
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PMID:Transition-state-guided drug design for treatment of parasitic neglected tropical diseases. 2408 4