Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase)
 5,136 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to know the influence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) on the alcoholic liver diseases (ALD), 124 patients with ALD were divided into two groups by positive or negative anti-HCV, and differences of histological findings, laboratory data, evolution of histopathology and liver disease of those who developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) between both groups were investigated. There were 31 patients (25%) in the anti-HCV positive group and 93 patients (75%) in the negative group. Histologically, viral changes were seen in most patients (55%) of the positive group, whereas those were seen in a few patients (15%) of the negative group. The patients of the positive group showed higher serum adenosine deaminase levels compared with those of the negative group. However, as regards the evolution of histopathology, amount of alcohol consumed seemed to be more responsible than positive anti-HCV. Three out of 6 patients with HCC were anti-HCV positive cirrhotics, although there were three anti-HCV negative HCC patients: one with cirrhosis and two with hepatic fibrosis.
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PMID:[Influence of hepatitis C virus on the alcoholic liver diseases]. 166 15

In order to elucidate the mode of progression of alcoholic liver disease, relationships among the drinking style, laboratory data, anti-HCV antibody and histological changes were investigated on 36 patients in whom the liver biopsy was repeatedly done. Following results were obtained (1) In the group of continuous drinking over 100g ethanol per day, histological progression was found in 11 of 13 patients (85%) regardless of positive anti-HCV. On the other hand, in the group of abstinence or temperance less than 60g daily alcohol intake, histological improvement was found in 6 of 11 patients (55%). (2) Histological improvement was predominantly seen by abstinence or temperance in the cases with lower levels of serum IgA and adenosine deaminase (ADA) on hospitalization and those with rapid decrease in serum gamma-GTP after hospitalization. In conclusion, the amount of ethanol was considered to be the most important factor to affect on a progression of alcoholic liver diseases. Assessment of laboratory data such as IgA and ADA on hospitalization and change in gamma-GTP after hospitalization were also thought to be useful in foreseeing the prognosis of alcoholic liver disease.
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PMID:[Studies on the mode of progression of alcoholic liver disease]. 178 61

Seventy-six chronic alcoholics in Japan were evaluated for histological changes of liver needle biopsies, Chiron C100 antibody (C-100) for hepatitis C virus, as well as clinical and laboratory data. In biopsies, the presence of necroinflammations within the parenchyma, lymphocytic reaction in the portal tracts, or both, might indicate non-A, non-B (NANB) chronic hepatitis. Using these histological criteria, the patients were previously classified into two groups: alcoholic liver disease (ALD) alone and ALD complicating NANB chronic hepatitis. The C100-positive ratio was found to be 12% in the former group and 69% in the latter. Further clinical and laboratory comparison revealed that there were significant differences in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, gamma-globulin, and adenosine deaminase levels in the sera between the ALD alone and the ALD complicating NANB chronic hepatitis groups. Since some chronic alcoholics are also affected by chronic type C hepatitis, detailed evaluations of the liver biopsy and C-100 assay are required for the differentiation of these hepatic disorders.
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PMID:Clinicopathological analysis of alcoholic liver disease complicating chronic type C hepatitis. 194 4

The value of seric activity of adenosine deaminase has been detected in four group of patients with liver disease: acute viral hepatitis in 32 cases, liver cirrhosis in 30 cases, liver neoplasia in 12 cases, and cholelithiasis in 20 cases, against 30 patients as a control group. In addition, we studied 3 patients with alcoholic hepatitis and 1 with biliary cirrhosis. The highest level was found in hepatic cirrhosis and viral hepatitis the value being statistically significant and superior to the levels of the control group in 100% of the cases. This level was higher than normal in patients with liver tumor. The level was normal or mildly elevated in patients with cholelithiasis. The level was normal in patients with alcoholic hepatitis and high in biliary cirrhosis but lower than that observed in alcoholic cirrhosis.
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PMID:[Enzymatic activity of serum adenosine deaminase in different liver disorders]. 249 53

We have measured adenosine deaminase (ADA) in pleural effusions of 95 patients, using a method optimalised for rapid determination on a Hitachi 705 analyzer. High ADA activity was found in four of the five patients with tuberculous pleurisy, in four of the seven with empyema and in three of the seven patients with mesothelioma. One patient with very high serum ADA activity due to liver disease also had a high activity in the pleural effusion. Low activity was found in all patients with other neoplastic pleural effusions, parapneumonic pleural effusions, transudates, and in pleural effusions due to some other diseases. We conclude that in a country with a low tuberculosis incidence a high ADA activity in pleural effusion in neither sensitive nor specific enough to rely on the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy. Routine determination of ADA is not recommended; in selected cases, however, it may be useful.
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PMID:Adenosine deaminase activity, not diagnostic for tuberculous pleurisy. 365

The diagnosis of tuberculous ascites is often difficult because of the subtle clinical clues, poorly discriminative biochemical assays, delayed results of bacteriological studies and hazards of laparoscopy. Therefore, the role of ascites adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity and interferon-gamma (IFN-delta) level in distinguishing tuberculous from other causes of ascites was examined in 50 patients with ascites. Following bacteriologic culture, seventeen (34%) patients were found to have tuberculous ascites; nine (59.9%) of them had also schistosomal hepatic fibrosis (SHF). Therefore, 36% (9 out of 25) of all patients with SHF included in the study, had coexistent peritoneal tuberculosis despite the presence of transudative ascites and unrecognized clinical features. Ascites ADA activity was significantly higher in tuberculous than in other causes of ascites (P < 0.001) regardless of the presence of an underlying liver disease. A cut-off of 28 U/L reached a sensitivity of 94.4% and a specificity of 100%. A direct correlation was found between ascites ADA activity and total proteins in the tuberculous group (r = 0.613) and the only false-negative result occurred in a patient with SHF and low-ascites protein. Ascites IFN-delta level was also significantly higher in tuberculous ascites with or without SHF than in other causes of ascites (P < 0.05). A cut-off of 26 pg/ml reached a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 100%. There was no correlation between ascites ADA activity and IFN-delta level in the tuberculous group (r = 0.329). Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that tuberculous ascites should be considered as an important cause of ascites particularly in patients with underlying liver disease. Ascites ADA activity was more sensitive than ascites IFN-delta in diagnosing tuberculosis (TB). It has proved to be an easy, rapid, safe and reliable method for routine use in the early diagnosis of tuberculous ascites.
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PMID:The value of ascites adenosine deaminase activity and interferon gamma level in discriminating tuberculous from non-tuberculous ascites. 816 54

To clarify the clinical significance of increased serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity, and its mechanisms in various liver diseases, ADA isoenzyme activities (ADA1 and ADA2) in serum and the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were studied. High serum ADA activities were found in patients with acute hepatitis, alcoholic hepatic fibrosis, chronic active hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatoma. The ADA2:ADA ratio was decreased in acute hepatitis, but was increased in chronic active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. Clinically, ADA2 activity was correlated with serum gamma-globulin levels. In chronic active hepatitis, total ADA activities in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were similar to those in controls. Furthermore, ADA2 activities after phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation were significantly lower than those without PHA stimulation, although total ADA activities were increased after PHA stimulation. These findings suggest that serum ADA isoenzyme activities may be a new marker for liver disease, and that the increased serum ADA2 in chronic active hepatitis is unlikely to be the result of an increase in ADA2 production by activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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PMID:Adenosine deaminase isoenzymes in liver disease. 842 31

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a subviral human pathogen that requires hepatitis B virus (HBV) for packaging. Concurrent infection by HBV and HDV increases the risk of severe liver disease compared to infection with HBV alone. The HDV genome is a closed circular RNA of about 1,700 bases which is replicated through an RNA intermediate, the antigenome. Both RNAs can be folded into highly base-paired, rod-shaped structures, similar to the plant viroid RNAs. Two forms of the sole HDV protein, hepatitis delta antigen, are derived from a single open reading frame by RNA editing; the enzymes responsible for the editing have not been characterized. Here we report that the purified enzyme dsRAD (for double-stranded-RNA-adenosine deaminase) can edit HDV antigenomic RNA in vitro. Most important, we observe that mutations in critical sequences of the antigenome have identical effects on in vitro and in vivo editing, suggesting that dsRAD, or a closely related enzyme, is responsible for editing HDV RNA in vivo.
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PMID:RNA editing of hepatitis delta virus antigenome by dsRNA-adenosine deaminase. 860 37

A total of 60 cattle were examined for the presence of pathological liver lesions. The liver lesions were classified as glycogen degeneration, liver abscess, sawdust liver and fatty degeneration. The value of serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was investigated as a pilot study for diagnosing liver diseases in cattle. Serum ADA activity was significantly higher in cases with glycogen degeneration (9.8 +/- 3.8 U/l) , liver abscess (10.4 +/- 3.2 U/l), sawdust liver (11.5 +/- 7.3 U/l) and fatty degeneration (20.8 +/- 7.7 U/l) than in the controls. The results indicate that ADA activity increases with the degree of hepatocellular damage. We concluded that serum ADA activity may be of value in bovine liver disease diagnosis.
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PMID:Serum adenosine deaminase activity in bovine liver diseases. 1558 59

The peritoneum is one of the most common extrapulmonary sites of tuberculous infection. Peritoneal tuberculosis remains a significant problem in parts of the world where tuberculosis is prevalent. Increasing population migration, usage of more potent immunosuppressant therapy and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic has contributed to a resurgence of this disease in regions where it had previously been largely controlled. Tuberculous peritonitis frequently complicates patients with underlying end-stage renal or liver disease that further adds to the diagnostic difficulty. The diagnosis of this disease, however, remains a challenge because of its insidious nature, the variability of its presentation and the limitations of available diagnostic tests. A high index of suspicion is needed whenever confronted with unexplained ascites, particularly in high-risk patients. Based on a systematic review of the literature, we recommend: tuberculous peritonitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all patients presenting with unexplained lymphocytic ascites and those with a serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) of <11 g/L; culture growth of Mycobacterium of the ascitic fluid or peritoneal biopsy as the gold standard test; further studies to determine the role of polymerase chain reaction, ascitic adenosine deaminase and the BACTEC radiometric system for acceleration of mycobacterial identification as means of improving the diagnostic yield; increasing utilization of ultrasound and computerized tomographic scan for the diagnosis and as a guidance to obtain peritoneal biopsies; low threshold for diagnostic laparoscopy; treatment for 6 months with the first-line antituberculous drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide) in uncomplicated cases.
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PMID:Systematic review: tuberculous peritonitis--presenting features, diagnostic strategies and treatment. 1619 89


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